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Takase H, Hamanaka G, Hoshino T, Ohtomo R, Guo S, Mandeville ET, Lo EH, Arai K. Transcriptomic Profiling Reveals Neuroinflammation in the Corpus Callosum of a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:1421-1433. [PMID: 38277298 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a widespread neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline, affecting a significant portion of the aging population. While the cerebral cortex and hippocampus have been the primary focus of AD research, accumulating evidence suggests that white matter lesions in the brain, particularly in the corpus callosum, play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the gene expression changes in the corpus callosum of 5xFAD transgenic mice, a widely used AD mouse model. METHODS We conducted behavioral tests for spatial learning and memory in 5xFAD transgenic mice and performed RNA sequencing analyses on the corpus callosum to examine transcriptomic changes. RESULTS Our results show cognitive decline and demyelination in the corpus callosum of 5xFAD transgenic mice. Transcriptomic analysis reveals a predominance of upregulated genes in AD mice, particularly those associated with immune cells, including microglia. Conversely, downregulation of genes related to chaperone function and clock genes such as Per1, Per2, and Cry1 is also observed. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that activation of neuroinflammation, disruption of chaperone function, and circadian dysfunction are involved in the pathogenesis of white matter lesions in AD. The findings provide insights into potential therapeutic targets and highlight the importance of addressing white matter pathology and circadian dysfunction in AD treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Takase
- Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- YCU Center for Novel and Exploratory Clinical Trials (Y-NEXT), Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Gen Hamanaka
- Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Tomonori Hoshino
- Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Ryo Ohtomo
- Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Shuzhen Guo
- Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Emiri T Mandeville
- Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Eng H Lo
- Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Ken Arai
- Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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Robles-Gómez ÁA, Ordaz B, Lorea-Hernández JJ, Peña-Ortega F. Deleterious and protective effects of epothilone-D alone and in the context of amyloid β- and tau-induced alterations. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1198299. [PMID: 37900942 PMCID: PMC10603193 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1198299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau (P-tau) are Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers that interact in a complex manner to induce most of the cognitive and brain alterations observed in this disease. Since the neuronal cytoskeleton is a common downstream pathological target of tau and Aβ, which mostly lead to augmented microtubule instability, the administration of microtubule stabilizing agents (MSAs) can protect against their pathological actions. However, the effectiveness of MSAs is still uncertain due to their state-dependent negative effects; thus, evaluating their specific actions in different pathological or physiological conditions is required. We evaluated whether epothilone-D (Epo-D), a clinically used MSA, rescues from the functional and behavioral alterations produced by intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ, the presence of P-tau, or their combination in rTg4510 mice. We also explored the side effects of Epo-D. To do so, we evaluated hippocampal-dependent spatial memory with the Hebb-Williams maze, hippocampal CA1 integrity and the intrinsic and synaptic properties of CA1 pyramidal neurons with the patch-clamp technique. Aβ and P-tau mildly impaired memory retrieval, but produced contrasting effects on intrinsic excitability. When Aβ and P-tau were combined, the alterations in excitability and spatial reversal learning (i.e., cognitive flexibility) were exacerbated. Interestingly, Epo-D prevented most of the impairments induced Aβ and P-tau alone and combined. However, Epo-D also exhibited some side effects depending on the prevailing pathological or physiological condition, which should be considered in future preclinical and translational studies. Although we did not perform extensive histopathological evaluations or measured microtubule stability, our findings show that MSAs can rescue the consequences of AD-like conditions but otherwise be harmful if administered at a prodromal stage of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Abdiel Robles-Gómez
- Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, México City, Mexico
| | - Benito Ordaz
- Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
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3
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Barendrecht S, Schreurs A, Geissler S, Sabanov V, Ilse V, Rieckmann V, Eichentopf R, Künemund A, Hietel B, Wussow S, Hoffmann K, Körber-Ferl K, Pandey R, Carter GW, Demuth HU, Holzer M, Roßner S, Schilling S, Preuss C, Balschun D, Cynis H. A novel human tau knock-in mouse model reveals interaction of Abeta and human tau under progressing cerebral amyloidosis in 5xFAD mice. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:16. [PMID: 36641439 PMCID: PMC9840277 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-01144-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperphosphorylation and intraneuronal aggregation of the microtubule-associated protein tau is a major pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. Of special interest is the effect of cerebral amyloid beta deposition, the second main hallmark of AD, on human tau pathology. Therefore, studying the influence of cerebral amyloidosis on human tau in a novel human tau knock-in (htau-KI) mouse model could help to reveal new details on their interplay. METHODS We studied the effects of a novel human htau-KI under fast-progressing amyloidosis in 5xFAD mice in terms of correlation of gene expression data with human brain regions, development of Alzheimer's-like pathology, synaptic transmission, and behavior. RESULTS The main findings are an interaction of human beta-amyloid and human tau in crossbred 5xFADxhtau-KI observed at transcriptional level and corroborated by electrophysiology and histopathology. The comparison of gene expression data of the 5xFADxhtau-KI mouse model to 5xFAD, control mice and to human AD patients revealed conspicuous changes in pathways related to mitochondria biology, extracellular matrix, and immune function. These changes were accompanied by plaque-associated MC1-positive pathological tau that required the htau-KI background. LTP deficits were noted in 5xFAD and htau-KI mice in contrast to signs of rescue in 5xFADxhtau-KI mice. Increased frequencies of miniature EPSCs and miniature IPSCs indicated an upregulated presynaptic function in 5xFADxhtau-KI. CONCLUSION In summary, the multiple interactions observed between knocked-in human tau and the 5xFAD-driven progressing amyloidosis have important implications for future model development in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Barendrecht
- grid.418008.50000 0004 0494 3022Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - An Schreurs
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884KU Leuven, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Brain & Cognition, Tiensestraat 102, box 3714, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefanie Geissler
- grid.418008.50000 0004 0494 3022Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Victor Sabanov
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884KU Leuven, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Brain & Cognition, Tiensestraat 102, box 3714, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Victoria Ilse
- grid.418008.50000 0004 0494 3022Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Vera Rieckmann
- grid.418008.50000 0004 0494 3022Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Rico Eichentopf
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884KU Leuven, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Brain & Cognition, Tiensestraat 102, box 3714, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anja Künemund
- grid.418008.50000 0004 0494 3022Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Benjamin Hietel
- grid.418008.50000 0004 0494 3022Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wussow
- grid.418008.50000 0004 0494 3022Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Katrin Hoffmann
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute for Human Genetics, Magdeburger Strasse 2, 06112 Halle, Germany
| | - Kerstin Körber-Ferl
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute for Human Genetics, Magdeburger Strasse 2, 06112 Halle, Germany
| | - Ravi Pandey
- grid.249880.f0000 0004 0374 0039The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main St, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA
| | - Gregory W. Carter
- grid.249880.f0000 0004 0374 0039The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main St, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA
| | - Hans-Ulrich Demuth
- grid.418008.50000 0004 0494 3022Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Max Holzer
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffen Roßner
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Schilling
- grid.418008.50000 0004 0494 3022Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle, Germany ,grid.427932.90000 0001 0692 3664Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Bernburger Straße 55, 06366 Köthen, Germany
| | - Christoph Preuss
- grid.249880.f0000 0004 0374 0039The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main St, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA
| | - Detlef Balschun
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884KU Leuven, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Brain & Cognition, Tiensestraat 102, box 3714, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Holger Cynis
- grid.418008.50000 0004 0494 3022Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle, Germany
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Downey J, Lam JC, Li VO, Gozes I. Somatic Mutations and Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:475-493. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents a global health challenge, with an estimated 55 million people suffering from the non-curable disease across the world. While amyloid-β plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles in the brain define AD proteinopathy, it has become evident that diverse coding and non-coding regions of the genome may significantly contribute to AD neurodegeneration. The diversity of factors associated with AD pathogenesis, coupled with age-associated damage, suggests that a series of triggering events may be required to initiate AD. Since somatic mutations accumulate with aging, and aging is a major risk factor for AD, there is a great potential for somatic mutational events to drive disease. Indeed, recent data from the Gozes team/laboratories as well as other leading laboratories correlated the accumulation of somatic brain mutations with the progression of tauopathy. In this review, we lay the current perspectives on the principal genetic factors associated with AD and the potential causes, highlighting the contribution of somatic mutations to the pathogenesis of late onset Alzheimer’s disease. The roles that artificial intelligence and big data can play in accelerating the progress of causal somatic mutation markers/biomarkers identification, and the associated drug discovery/repurposing, have been highlighted for future AD and other neurodegenerative studies, with the aim to bring hope for the vulnerable aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Downey
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jacqueline C.K. Lam
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Victor O.K. Li
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Illana Gozes
- The Elton Laboratory for Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Adams Super Center for Brain Studies and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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5
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Cho JD, Kim YA, Rafikian EE, Yang M, Santa-Maria I. Marked Mild Cognitive Deficits in Humanized Mouse Model of Alzheimer's-Type Tau Pathology. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:634157. [PMID: 34093145 PMCID: PMC8175658 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.634157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperphosphorylation and the subsequent aggregation of tau protein into neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are well-established neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and associated tauopathies. To further examine the impact and progression of human tau pathology in neurodegenerative contexts, the humanized tau (htau) mouse model was originally created. Despite AD-like tau pathological features recapitulated in the htau mouse model, robustness of behavioral phenotypes has not been fully established. With the ultimate goal of evaluating the htau mouse model as a candidate for testing AD therapeutics, we set out to verify, in-house, the presence of robust, replicable cognitive deficits in the htau mice. The present study shows behavioral data collected from a carefully curated battery of learning and memory tests. Here we report a significant short-term spatial memory deficit in aged htau mice, representing a novel finding in this model. However, we did not find salient impairments in long-term learning and memory previously reported in this mouse model. Here, we attempted to understand the discrepancies in the literature by highlighting the necessity of scrutinizing key procedural differences across studies. Reported cognitive deficits in the htau model may depend on task difficulty and other procedural details. While the htau mouse remains a unique and valuable animal model for replicating late onset AD-like human tau pathology, its cognitive deficits are modest under standard testing conditions. The overarching message is that before using any AD mouse model to evaluate treatment efficacies, it is imperative to first characterize and verify the presence of behavioral deficits in-house.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Cho
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yoon A Kim
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Elizabeth E Rafikian
- The Mouse NeuroBehavior Core, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mu Yang
- The Mouse NeuroBehavior Core, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ismael Santa-Maria
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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Lewandowski CT, Maldonado Weng J, LaDu MJ. Alzheimer's disease pathology in APOE transgenic mouse models: The Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 139:104811. [PMID: 32087290 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The focus on amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles has yielded no Alzheimer's disease (AD) modifying treatments in the past several decades, despite successful studies in preclinical mouse models. This inconsistency has caused a renewed focus on improving the fidelity and reliability of AD mouse models, with disparate views on how this improvement can be accomplished. However, the interactive effects of the universal biological variables of AD, which include age, APOE genotype, and sex, are often overlooked. Age is the greatest risk factor for AD, while the ε4 allele of the human APOE gene, encoding apolipoprotein E, is the greatest genetic risk factor. Sex is the final universal biological variable of AD, as females develop AD at almost twice the rate of males and, importantly, female sex exacerbates the effects of APOE4 on AD risk and rate of cognitive decline. Therefore, this review evaluates the importance of context for understanding the role of APOE in preclinical mouse models. Specifically, we detail how human AD pathology is mirrored in current transgenic mouse models ("What") and describe the critical need for introducing human APOE into these mouse models ("Who"). We next outline different methods for introducing human APOE into mice ("How") and highlight efforts to develop temporally defined and location-specific human apoE expression models ("When" and "Where"). We conclude with the importance of choosing the human APOE mouse model relevant to the question being addressed, using the selection of transgenic models for testing apoE-targeted therapeutics as an example ("Why").
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Affiliation(s)
- Cutler T Lewandowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Juan Maldonado Weng
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Mary Jo LaDu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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7
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Pickett EK, Herrmann AG, McQueen J, Abt K, Dando O, Tulloch J, Jain P, Dunnett S, Sohrabi S, Fjeldstad MP, Calkin W, Murison L, Jackson RJ, Tzioras M, Stevenson A, d'Orange M, Hooley M, Davies C, Colom-Cadena M, Anton-Fernandez A, King D, Oren I, Rose J, McKenzie CA, Allison E, Smith C, Hardt O, Henstridge CM, Hardingham GE, Spires-Jones TL. Amyloid Beta and Tau Cooperate to Cause Reversible Behavioral and Transcriptional Deficits in a Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Cell Rep 2019; 29:3592-3604.e5. [PMID: 31825838 PMCID: PMC6915767 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A key knowledge gap blocking development of effective therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the lack of understanding of how amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide and pathological forms of the tau protein cooperate in causing disease phenotypes. Within a mouse tau-deficient background, we probed the molecular, cellular, and behavioral disruption triggered by the influence of wild-type human tau on human Aβ-induced pathology. We find that Aβ and tau work cooperatively to cause a hyperactivity behavioral phenotype and to cause downregulation of transcription of genes involved in synaptic function. In both our mouse model and human postmortem tissue, we observe accumulation of pathological tau in synapses, supporting the potential importance of synaptic tau. Importantly, tau reduction in the mice initiated after behavioral deficits emerge corrects behavioral deficits, reduces synaptic tau levels, and substantially reverses transcriptional perturbations, suggesting that lowering synaptic tau levels may be beneficial in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor K Pickett
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Abigail G Herrmann
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Jamie McQueen
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at Edinburgh, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Kimberly Abt
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Owen Dando
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at Edinburgh, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Jane Tulloch
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at Edinburgh, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Pooja Jain
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Sophie Dunnett
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Sadaf Sohrabi
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Maria P Fjeldstad
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Will Calkin
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Leo Murison
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Rosemary J Jackson
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK; MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Makis Tzioras
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at Edinburgh, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Anna Stevenson
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at Edinburgh, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Marie d'Orange
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Monique Hooley
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at Edinburgh, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Caitlin Davies
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at Edinburgh, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Marti Colom-Cadena
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at Edinburgh, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Alejandro Anton-Fernandez
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at Edinburgh, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Declan King
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at Edinburgh, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Iris Oren
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Jamie Rose
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at Edinburgh, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Chris-Anne McKenzie
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and Sudden Death Brain Bank, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Elizabeth Allison
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Colin Smith
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and Sudden Death Brain Bank, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Oliver Hardt
- McGill University Department of Psychology, Montreal QC H3A 1B1, Canada; The University of Edinburgh Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Christopher M Henstridge
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Giles E Hardingham
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at Edinburgh, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Tara L Spires-Jones
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at Edinburgh, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK.
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8
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Cline EN, Bicca MA, Viola KL, Klein WL. The Amyloid-β Oligomer Hypothesis: Beginning of the Third Decade. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 64:S567-S610. [PMID: 29843241 PMCID: PMC6004937 DOI: 10.3233/jad-179941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 543] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid-β oligomer (AβO) hypothesis was introduced in 1998. It proposed that the brain damage leading to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was instigated by soluble, ligand-like AβOs. This hypothesis was based on the discovery that fibril-free synthetic preparations of AβOs were potent CNS neurotoxins that rapidly inhibited long-term potentiation and, with time, caused selective nerve cell death (Lambert et al., 1998). The mechanism was attributed to disrupted signaling involving the tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn, mediated by an unknown toxin receptor. Over 4,000 articles concerning AβOs have been published since then, including more than 400 reviews. AβOs have been shown to accumulate in an AD-dependent manner in human and animal model brain tissue and, experimentally, to impair learning and memory and instigate major facets of AD neuropathology, including tau pathology, synapse deterioration and loss, inflammation, and oxidative damage. As reviewed by Hayden and Teplow in 2013, the AβO hypothesis “has all but supplanted the amyloid cascade.” Despite the emerging understanding of the role played by AβOs in AD pathogenesis, AβOs have not yet received the clinical attention given to amyloid plaques, which have been at the core of major attempts at therapeutics and diagnostics but are no longer regarded as the most pathogenic form of Aβ. However, if the momentum of AβO research continues, particularly efforts to elucidate key aspects of structure, a clear path to a successful disease modifying therapy can be envisioned. Ensuring that lessons learned from recent, late-stage clinical failures are applied appropriately throughout therapeutic development will further enable the likelihood of a successful therapy in the near-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika N Cline
- Department of Neurobiology, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, International Institute for Nanotechnology, and Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Maíra Assunção Bicca
- Department of Neurobiology, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, International Institute for Nanotechnology, and Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Kirsten L Viola
- Department of Neurobiology, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, International Institute for Nanotechnology, and Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - William L Klein
- Department of Neurobiology, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, International Institute for Nanotechnology, and Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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9
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Xu W, Fang F, Ding J, Wu C. Dysregulation of Rab5-mediated endocytic pathways in Alzheimer's disease. Traffic 2018; 19:253-262. [PMID: 29314494 PMCID: PMC5869093 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has pointed to that dysregulation of the endo-lysosomal system is an early cellular phenotype of pathogenesis for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Rab5, a small GTPase, plays a critical role in mediating these processes. Abnormal overactivation of Rab5 has been observed in post-mortem brain samples of Alzheimer's patients as well as brain samples of mouse models of AD. Recent genome-wide association studies of AD have identified RIN3 (Ras and Rab interactor 3) as a novel risk factor for the disease. RIN3 that functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rab5 may serve as an important activator for Rab5 in AD pathogenesis. In this review, we present recent research highlights on the possible roles of dysregulation of Rab5-mediated endocytic pathways in contributing to early pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Institute of Neurology and Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Fang Fang
- Institute of Neurology and Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jianqing Ding
- Institute of Neurology and Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengbiao Wu
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Jankowsky JL, Zheng H. Practical considerations for choosing a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2017; 12:89. [PMID: 29273078 PMCID: PMC5741956 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-017-0231-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is behaviorally identified by progressive memory impairment and pathologically characterized by the triad of β-amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neurodegeneration. Genetic mutations and risk factors have been identified that are either causal or modify the disease progression. These genetic and pathological features serve as basis for the creation and validation of mouse models of AD. Efforts made in the past quarter-century have produced over 100 genetically engineered mouse lines that recapitulate some aspects of AD clinicopathology. These models have been valuable resources for understanding genetic interactions that contribute to disease and cellular reactions that are engaged in response. Here we focus on mouse models that have been widely used stalwarts of the field or that are recently developed bellwethers of the future. Rather than providing a summary of each model, we endeavor to compare and contrast the genetic approaches employed and to discuss their respective advantages and limitations. We offer a critical account of the variables which may contribute to inconsistent findings and the factors that should be considered when choosing a model and interpreting the results. We hope to present an insightful review of current AD mouse models and to provide a practical guide for selecting models best matched to the experimental question at hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna L Jankowsky
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Hui Zheng
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Gorsky MK, Burnouf S, Sofola-Adesakin O, Dols J, Augustin H, Weigelt CM, Grönke S, Partridge L. Pseudo-acetylation of multiple sites on human Tau proteins alters Tau phosphorylation and microtubule binding, and ameliorates amyloid beta toxicity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9984. [PMID: 28855586 PMCID: PMC5577152 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10225-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein that is highly soluble and natively unfolded. Its dysfunction is involved in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), where it aggregates within neurons. Deciphering the physiological and pathogenic roles of human Tau (hTau) is crucial to further understand the mechanisms leading to its dysfunction in vivo. We have used a knock-out/knock-in strategy in Drosophila to generate a strain with hTau inserted into the endogenous fly tau locus and expressed under the control of the endogenous fly tau promoter, thus avoiding potential toxicity due to genetic over-expression. hTau knock-in (KI) proteins were expressed at normal, endogenous levels, bound to fly microtubules and were post-translationally modified, hence displaying physiological properties. We used this new model to investigate the effects of acetylation on hTau toxicity in vivo. The simultaneous pseudo-acetylation of hTau at lysines 163, 280, 281 and 369 drastically decreased hTau phosphorylation and significantly reduced its binding to microtubules in vivo. These molecular alterations were associated with ameliorated amyloid beta toxicity. Our results indicate acetylation of hTau on multiple sites regulates its biology and ameliorates amyloid beta toxicity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Karina Gorsky
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; CECAD Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sylvie Burnouf
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; CECAD Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Oyinkan Sofola-Adesakin
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, and GEE, UCL, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jacqueline Dols
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; CECAD Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hrvoje Augustin
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; CECAD Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Healthy Ageing, and GEE, UCL, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Carina Marianne Weigelt
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; CECAD Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Grönke
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; CECAD Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Linda Partridge
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; CECAD Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, 50931, Cologne, Germany. .,Institute of Healthy Ageing, and GEE, UCL, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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