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Li Y, Liu Q, Zhang L, Zou J, He R, Zhou Y, Qian C, Zhu Y, Chen R, Zhang Y, Cai P, Wang M, Shao W, Ji M, Wu H, Zhang F, Liu Z, Liu Y. Washed microbiota transplantation reduces glycemic variability in unstable diabetes. J Diabetes 2024; 16:e13485. [PMID: 37846600 PMCID: PMC10859319 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysbiosis of gut microbiota is causally linked to impaired host glucose metabolism. We aimed to study effects of the new method of fecal microbiota transplantation, washed microbiota transplantation (WMT), on reducing glycemic variability (GV) in unstable diabetes. METHODS Fourteen eligible patients received three allogenic WMTs and were followed up at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. Primary outcomes were daily insulin dose, glucose excursions during meal tests, and GV indices calculated from continuous monitoring or self-monitoring glucose values. Secondary outcomes were multiomics data, including 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metagenomics, and metabolomics to explore underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Daily insulin dose and glucose excursions markedly dropped, whereas GV indices significantly improved up to 1 month. WMT increased gut microbial alpha diversity, beta diversity, and network complexity. Taxonomic changes featured lower abundance of genera Bacteroides and Escherichia-Shigella, and higher abundance of genus Prevotella. Metagenomics functional annotations revealed enrichment of distinct microbial metabolic pathways, including methane biosynthesis, citrate cycle, amino acid degradation, and butyrate production. Derived metabolites correlated significantly with improved GV indices. WMT did not change circulating inflammatory cytokines, enteroendocrine hormones, or C-peptide. CONCLUSIONS WMT showed strong ameliorating effect on GV, raising the possibility of targeting gut microbiota as an effective regimen to reduce GV in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jing Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Rongbo He
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Chen Qian
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yuxiao Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Rourou Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Pengpeng Cai
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Sir Run Run HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Miao Wang
- Division of Microbiotherapy, Sir Run Run HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Wei Shao
- Department of Science and Technology, Sir Run Run HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Minjun Ji
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen BiologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hao Wu
- Human Phenome InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Faming Zhang
- Division of Microbiotherapy, Sir Run Run HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseasesthe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Key Lab of Holistic Integrative EnterologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zejian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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Jia Y, Yin C, Ke W, Liu J, Guo B, Wang X, Zhao P, Hu S, Zhang C, Li X, Liu R, Zheng X, Wang Y, Wang G, Pan H, Hu W, Song Z. Alpha-ketoglutarate alleviates cadmium-induced inflammation by inhibiting the HIF1A-TNFAIP3 pathway in hepatocytes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 878:163069. [PMID: 36996991 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The threat to public health posed by rapidly increasing levels of cadmium (Cd) in the environment is receiving worldwide attention. Although, Cd is known to be absorbed into the body and causes non-negligible damage to the liver, the detailed mechanisms underlying its hepatoxicity are incompletely understood. In the present study, investigated the effect of TNFAIP3 and α-ketoglutarate (AKG) on Cd-induced liver inflammation and hepatocyte death. Male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to cadmium chloride (1.0 mg/kg) while being fed a diet with 2 % AKG for two weeks. We found that Cd induced hepatocyte injury and inflammatory infiltration. In addition, TNFAIP3 expression was inhibited in the liver tissues and cells of CdCl2-treated mice. Mouse hepatocyte-specific TNFAIP3 overexpression by tail vein injection of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector effectively alleviated Cd-induced hepatic necrosis and inflammation, which was mediated by the NF-κB signaling pathway. Notably, this inhibitory effect of TNFAIP3 on Cd-induced liver injury was dependent on AKG. Exogenous addition of AKG prevented Cd exposure-induced increases in serum ALT, AST and LDH levels, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, and even significantly reduced Cd-induced oxidative stress and hepatocyte death. Mechanistically, AKG exerted its anti-inflammatory effect by promoting the hydroxylation and degradation of HIF1A to reduce its Cd-induced overexpression in vivo and in vitro, avoiding the inhibition of the TNFAIP3 promoter by HIF1A. Moreover, the protective effect of AKG was significantly weaker in Cd-treated primary hepatocytes transfected with HIF1A pcDNA. Overall, our results reveal a novel mechanism of Cd-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinzhao Jia
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Chuanzheng Yin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Wenbo Ke
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Insitute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medical, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Shaobo Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Xichuan Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Yaofeng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Gengqiao Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Hao Pan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Wenjun Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Zifang Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China.
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Bronson SM, Westwood B, Cook KL, Emenaker NJ, Chappell MC, Roberts DD, Soto-Pantoja DR. Discrete Correlation Summation Clustering Reveals Differential Regulation of Liver Metabolism by Thrombospondin-1 in Low-Fat and High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Metabolites 2022; 12:1036. [PMID: 36355119 PMCID: PMC9697255 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) is a matricellular protein with many important roles in mediating carcinogenesis, fibrosis, leukocyte recruitment, and metabolism. We have previously shown a role of diet in the absence of TSP1 in liver metabolism in the context of a colorectal cancer model. However, the metabolic implications of TSP1 regulation by diet in the liver metabolism are currently understudied. Therefore Discrete correlation summation (DCS) was used to re-interrogate data and determine the metabolic alterations of TSP1 deficiency in the liver, providing new insights into the role of TSP1 in liver injury and the progression of liver pathologies such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). DCS analysis provides a straightforward approach to rank covariance and data clustering when analyzing complex data sets. Using this approach, our previous liver metabolite data was re-analyzed by comparing wild-type (WT) and Thrombospondin-1 null (Thbs1-/-) mice, identifying changes driven by genotype and diet. Principal component analysis showed clustering of animals by genotype regardless of diet, indicating that TSP1 deficiency alters metabolite handling in the liver. High-fat diet consumption significantly altered over 150 metabolites in the Thbs1-/- livers versus approximately 90 in the wild-type livers, most involved in amino acid metabolism. The absence of Thbs1 differentially regulated tryptophan and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites implicated in the progression of NAFLD. Overall, the lack of Thbs1 caused a significant shift in liver metabolism with potential implications for liver injury and the progression of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M. Bronson
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Brian Westwood
- Department of Surgery, Hypertension & Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Katherine L. Cook
- Department of Surgery, Hypertension & Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
- Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Nancy J. Emenaker
- Nutritional Science Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark C. Chappell
- Department of Surgery, Hypertension & Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - David D. Roberts
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David R. Soto-Pantoja
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
- Department of Surgery, Hypertension & Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
- Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
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Bayliak MM, Vatashchuk MV, Gospodaryov DV, Hurza VV, Demianchuk OI, Ivanochko MV, Burdyliuk NI, Storey KB, Lushchak O, Lushchak VI. High fat high fructose diet induces mild oxidative stress and reorganizes intermediary metabolism in male mouse liver: Alpha-ketoglutarate effects. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130226. [PMID: 35987369 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diets rich in fats and/or carbohydrates are used to study obesity and related metabolic complications. We studied the effects of a high fat high fructose diet (HFFD) on intermediary metabolism and the development of oxidative stress in mouse liver and tested the ability of alpha-ketoglutarate to prevent HFFD-induced changes. METHODS Male mice were fed a standard diet (10% kcal fat) or HFFD (45% kcal fat, 15% kcal fructose) with or without addition of 1% alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) in drinking water for 8 weeks. RESULTS The HFFD had no effect on body mass but activated fructolysis and glycolysis and induced inflammation and oxidative stress with a concomitant increase in activity of antioxidant enzymes in the mouse liver. HFFD-fed mice also showed lower mRNA levels of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) and slightly increased intensity of mitochondrial respiration in liver compared to mice on the standard diet. No significant effects of HFFD on transcription of PDK2 and PGC1α, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor co-activator-1α, or protein levels of p-AMPK, an active form of AMP-activated protein kinase, were found. The addition of AKG to HFFD decreased oxidized glutathione levels, did not affect levels of lipid peroxides and PDK4 transcripts but increased activities of hexokinase and phosphofructokinase in mouse liver. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with AKG had weak modulating effects on HFFD-induced oxidative stress and changes in energetics in mouse liver. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our research expands the understanding of diet-induced metabolic switching and elucidates further roles of alpha-ketoglutarate as a metabolic regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Bayliak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine.
| | - Myroslava V Vatashchuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro V Gospodaryov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine
| | - Viktoria V Hurza
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine
| | - Oleh I Demianchuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine
| | - Marian V Ivanochko
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine
| | - Nadia I Burdyliuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Oleh Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine; Research and Development University, 13a Shota Rustaveli Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr I Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine; Research and Development University, 13a Shota Rustaveli Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine.
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Gyanwali B, Lim ZX, Soh J, Lim C, Guan SP, Goh J, Maier AB, Kennedy BK. Alpha-Ketoglutarate dietary supplementation to improve health in humans. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:136-146. [PMID: 34952764 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) is an intermediate in the Krebs cycle involved in various metabolic and cellular pathways. As an antioxidant, AKG interferes in nitrogen and ammonia balance, and affects epigenetic and immune regulation. These pleiotropic functions of AKG suggest it may also extend human healthspan. Recent studies in worms and mice support this concept. A few studies published in the 1980s and 1990s in humans suggested the potential benefits of AKG in muscle growth, wound healing, and in promoting faster recovery after surgery. So far there are no recently published studies demonstrating the role of AKG in treating aging and age-related diseases; hence, further clinical studies are required to better understand the role of AKG in humans. This review will discuss the regulatory role of AKG in aging, as well as its potential therapeutic use in humans to treat age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibek Gyanwali
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zi Xiang Lim
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Janjira Soh
- Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Clarissa Lim
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shou Ping Guan
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jorming Goh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea B Maier
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brian K Kennedy
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Institute of Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore.
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Kordy K, Li F, Lee DJ, Kinchen JM, Jew MH, La Rocque ME, Zabih S, Saavedra M, Woodward C, Cunningham NJ, Tobin NH, Aldrovandi GM. Metabolomic Predictors of Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis and Advanced Fibrosis in Children. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:713234. [PMID: 34475864 PMCID: PMC8406633 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.713234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease in western countries both in children and adults. Metabolic dysregulation associated with gut microbial dysbiosis may influence disease progression from hepatic steatosis to inflammation and subsequent fibrosis. Using a multi-omics approach, we profiled the oral and fecal microbiome and plasma metabolites from 241 predominantly Latino children with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), and controls. Children with more severe liver pathology were dysbiotic and had increased gene content associated with lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and lipid, amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism. These changes were driven by increases in Bacteroides and concomitant decreases of Akkermansia, Anaerococcus, Corynebacterium, and Finegoldia. Non-targeted mass spectrometry revealed perturbations in one-carbon metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased oxidative stress in children with steatohepatitis and fibrosis. Random forests modeling of plasma metabolites was highly predictive of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (97% accuracy) and hepatic fibrosis, steatosis and lobular inflammation (93.8% accuracy), and can differentiate steatohepatitis from simple steatosis (90.0% accuracy). Multi-omics predictive models for disease and histology findings revealed perturbations in one-carbon metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased oxidative stress in children with steatohepatitis and fibrosis. These results highlight the promise of non-invasive biomarkers for the growing epidemic of fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kattayoun Kordy
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David J. Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Michael H. Jew
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Sara Zabih
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Monica Saavedra
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Cora Woodward
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nicole J. Cunningham
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nicole H. Tobin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Grace M. Aldrovandi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Pleiotropic effects of alpha-ketoglutarate as a potential anti-ageing agent. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 66:101237. [PMID: 33340716 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An intermediate of tricarboxylic acid cycle alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) is involved in pleiotropic metabolic and regulatory pathways in the cell, including energy production, biosynthesis of certain amino acids, collagen biosynthesis, epigenetic regulation of gene expression, regulation of redox homeostasis, and detoxification of hazardous substances. Recently, AKG supplement was found to extend lifespan and delay the onset of age-associated decline in experimental models such as nematodes, fruit flies, yeasts, and mice. This review summarizes current knowledge on metabolic and regulatory functions of AKG and its potential anti-ageing effects. Impact on epigenetic regulation of ageing via being an obligate substrate of DNA and histone demethylases, direct antioxidant properties, and function as mimetic of caloric restriction and hormesis-induced agent are among proposed mechanisms of AKG geroprotective action. Due to influence on mitochondrial respiration, AKG can stimulate production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by mitochondria. According to hormesis hypothesis, moderate stimulation of ROS production could have rather beneficial biological effects, than detrimental ones, because of the induction of defensive mechanisms that improve resistance to stressors and age-related diseases and slow down functional senescence. Discrepancies found in different models and limitations of AKG as a geroprotective drug are discussed.
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Yuan L, Kardashian A, Sarkar M. NAFLD in women: Unique pathways, biomarkers and therapeutic opportunities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 18:425-432. [PMID: 32523869 DOI: 10.1007/s11901-019-00495-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of review In this review article we evaluate sex differences in the natural history of NAFLD and highlight distinct risk profiles of women with NAFLD, as well as unique treatment considerations and research gaps. Summary of findings Reproductive factors, such as menopausal status should be considered when evaluating NAFLD risk in women, as well as additional reproductive risk factors such as age at menarche, presence of polycystic ovary syndrome, and gestational diabetes. Women do appear to have lower risk for hepatocellular carcinoma from NASH, as well as lower mortality from NASH cirrhosis than men, although among women, NASH is now the leading indication for liver transplant. Data on sex differences in biomarker development and clinical trials are lacking, and researchers should be encouraged to evaluate biomarker performance by sex, and specifically report clinical trial endpoints in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Yuan
- University of Southern California, Division of GI/Hepatology
| | - Ani Kardashian
- University of California, San Francisco, Division of GI/Hepatology
| | - Monika Sarkar
- University of California, San Francisco, Division of GI/Hepatology
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9
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The metabolite, alpha-ketoglutarate inhibits non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression by targeting lipid metabolism. LIVER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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10
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A pilot study of the effect of phospholipid curcumin on serum metabolomic profile in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 2019; 73:1224-1235. [PMID: 30647436 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0386-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Curcumin, a natural polyphenol compound in the spice turmeric, has been found to have potent anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activity. Curcumin may treat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) through its beneficial effects on biomarkers of oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation, which are considered as two feature of this disease. However, the effects of curcumin on NAFLD have been remained poorly understood. This investigation evaluated the effects of administrating curcumin on metabolic status in NAFLD patients. SUBJECTS/METHODS Fifty-eight NAFLD patients participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel design of study. The subjects were allocated randomly into two groups, which either received 250 mg phospholipid curcumin or placebo, one capsule per day for a period of 8 weeks. Fasting blood samples were taken from each subject at the start and end of the study period. Subsequently, metabolomics analysis was performed for serum samples using NMR. RESULTS Compared with the placebo, supplementing phospholipid curcumin resulted in significant decreases in serum including 3- methyl-2-oxovaleric acid, 3-hydroxyisobutyrate, kynurenine, succinate, citrate, α-ketoglutarate, methylamine, trimethylamine, hippurate, indoxyl sulfate, chenodeoxycholic acid, taurocholic acid, and lithocholic acid. This profile of metabolic biomarkers could distinguish effectively NAFLD subjects who were treated with curcumin and placebo groups, achieving value of 0.99 for an area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). CONCLUSIONS Characterizing the serum metabolic profile of the patients with NAFLD at the end of the intervention using NMR-based metabolomics method indicated that the targets of curcumin treatment included some amino acids, TCA cycle, bile acids, and gut microbiota.
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Gancheva S, Jelenik T, Álvarez-Hernández E, Roden M. Interorgan Metabolic Crosstalk in Human Insulin Resistance. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1371-1415. [PMID: 29767564 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00015.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive energy intake and reduced energy expenditure drive the development of insulin resistance and metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolic signals derived from dietary intake or secreted from adipose tissue, gut, and liver contribute to energy homeostasis. Recent metabolomic studies identified novel metabolites and enlarged our knowledge on classic metabolites. This review summarizes the evidence of their roles as mediators of interorgan crosstalk and regulators of insulin sensitivity and energy metabolism. Circulating lipids such as free fatty acids, acetate, and palmitoleate from adipose tissue and short-chain fatty acids from the gut effectively act on liver and skeletal muscle. Intracellular lipids such as diacylglycerols and sphingolipids can serve as lipotoxins by directly inhibiting insulin action in muscle and liver. In contrast, fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids have been recently shown to exert a series of beneficial effects. Also, ketoacids are gaining interest as potent modulators of insulin action and mitochondrial function. Finally, branched-chain amino acids not only predict metabolic diseases, but also inhibit insulin signaling. Here, we focus on the metabolic crosstalk in humans, which regulates insulin sensitivity and energy homeostasis in the main insulin-sensitive tissues, skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiya Gancheva
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany ; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany ; and German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Munich- Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Tomas Jelenik
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany ; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany ; and German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Munich- Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Elisa Álvarez-Hernández
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany ; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany ; and German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Munich- Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany ; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany ; and German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Munich- Neuherberg , Germany
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Venniyoor A. The most important questions in cancer research and clinical oncology-Question 2-5. Obesity-related cancers: more questions than answers. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2017; 36:18. [PMID: 28143590 PMCID: PMC5286818 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-017-0185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is recognized as the second highest risk factor for cancer. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying tobacco-related cancers are well characterized and effective programs have led to a decline in smoking and related cancers, but there is a global epidemic of obesity without a clear understanding of how obesity causes cancer. Obesity is heterogeneous, and approximately 25% of obese individuals remain healthy (metabolically healthy obese, MHO), so which fat deposition (subcutaneous versus visceral, adipose versus ectopic) is "malignant"? What is the mechanism of carcinogenesis? Is it by metabolic dysregulation or chronic inflammation? Through which chemokines/genes/signaling pathways does adipose tissue influence carcinogenesis? Can selective inhibition of these pathways uncouple obesity from cancers? Do all obesity related cancers (ORCs) share a molecular signature? Are there common (over-lapping) genetic loci that make individuals susceptible to obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cancers? Can we identify precursor lesions of ORCs and will early intervention of high risk individuals alter the natural history? It appears unlikely that the obesity epidemic will be controlled anytime soon; answers to these questions will help to reduce the adverse effect of obesity on human condition.
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