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Xu M, Lu ZY. Early diagnostic value of carotid artery ultrasound parameters combined with epicardial adipose layer thickness in coronary heart disease. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:3004-3011. [PMID: 38898833 PMCID: PMC11185360 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i17.3004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease is associated with coronary atherosclerosis indicated by carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) thickening and altered vascular elasticity. The epicardial adipose layer can secrete proinflammatory factors that promote the formation of coronary atherosclerosis. Thus, the epicardial fat layer thickness (EAT) may also predict coronary heart disease. AIM To determine the role of common carotid artery ultrasound parameters and EAT in the early diagnosis of coronary artery disease. METHODS Based on coronary angiography, patients with newly suspected coronary heart disease were divided into case (n = 107) and control (n = 41) groups. The carotid ultrasound parameters, including vascular stiffness (β), elastic coefficient (EP), pulse wave conduction velocity (PWV-β), CIMT, and EAT were compared between the case and control groups and among patients with different lesion numbers in the case group. Pearson correlation was used to evaluate the early diagnostic value of EAT, common carotid artery elasticity, and CIMT for coronary heart disease. RESULTS EP, β, PWV-β, CIMT, and EAT were significantly higher in the case group compared with the levels in the control group (all P < 0.001). In the case group, lesions were detected in one vessel in 34 patients, two vessels in 38 patients, and three vessels in 35 patients. Within the case group, β, EP, PWV-β, CIMT, and EAT levels significantly increased with an increased number of lesions (all P < 0.001). EAT positively correlated with β, EP, PWV-β, and CIMT (all P < 0.01). The area under the curve for diagnosing coronary heart disease using EAT combined with CIMT and carotid elasticity was 0.893, and the sensitivity and specificity were 0.890 and 0.837. CONCLUSION EAT correlated well with changes in carotid artery elasticity and CIMT in patients with coronary heart disease. The combination of EAT, carotid artery elasticity, and CIMT facilitates the early diagnosis of coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou 215200, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Lu
- Department of Ultrasound, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou 215200, Jiangsu Province, China
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2
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Jensen CH, Johnsen RH, Eskildsen T, Baun C, Ellman DG, Fang S, Bak ST, Hvidsten S, Larsen LA, Rosager AM, Riber LP, Schneider M, De Mey J, Thomassen M, Burton M, Uchida S, Laborda J, Andersen DC. Pericardial delta like non-canonical NOTCH ligand 1 (Dlk1) augments fibrosis in the heart through epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1565. [PMID: 38328889 PMCID: PMC10851088 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure due to myocardial infarction (MI) involves fibrosis driven by epicardium-derived cells (EPDCs) and cardiac fibroblasts, but strategies to inhibit and provide cardio-protection remains poor. The imprinted gene, non-canonical NOTCH ligand 1 (Dlk1), has previously been shown to mediate fibrosis in the skin, lung and liver, but very little is known on its effect in the heart. METHODS Herein, human pericardial fluid/plasma and tissue biopsies were assessed for DLK1, whereas the spatiotemporal expression of Dlk1 was determined in mouse hearts. The Dlk1 heart phenotype in normal and MI hearts was assessed in transgenic mice either lacking or overexpressing Dlk1. Finally, in/ex vivo cell studies provided knowledge on the molecular mechanism. RESULTS Dlk1 was demonstrated in non-myocytes of the developing human myocardium but exhibited a restricted pericardial expression in adulthood. Soluble DLK1 was twofold higher in pericardial fluid (median 45.7 [34.7 (IQR)) μg/L] from cardiovascular patients (n = 127) than in plasma (median 26.1 μg/L [11.1 (IQR)]. The spatial and temporal expression pattern of Dlk1 was recapitulated in mouse and rat hearts. Similar to humans lacking Dlk1, adult Dlk1-/- mice exhibited a relatively mild developmental, although consistent cardiac phenotype with some abnormalities in heart size, shape, thorax orientation and non-myocyte number, but were functionally normal. However, after MI, scar size was substantially reduced in Dlk1-/- hearts as compared with Dlk1+/+ littermates. In line, high levels of Dlk1 in transgenic mice Dlk1fl/fl xWT1GFPCre and Dlk1fl/fl xαMHCCre/+Tam increased scar size following MI. Further mechanistic and cellular insight demonstrated that pericardial Dlk1 mediates cardiac fibrosis through epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of the EPDC lineage by maintaining Integrin β8 (Itgb8), a major activator of transforming growth factor β and EMT. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that pericardial Dlk1 embraces a, so far, unnoticed role in the heart augmenting cardiac fibrosis through EMT. Monitoring DLK1 levels as well as targeting pericardial DLK1 may thus offer new venues for cardio-protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Harken Jensen
- Andersen Group, Department of Clinical BiochemistryOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Rikke Helin Johnsen
- Andersen Group, Department of Clinical BiochemistryOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Tilde Eskildsen
- Andersen Group, Department of Clinical BiochemistryOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal ResearchInstitute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Christina Baun
- Department of Nuclear MedicineOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
| | - Ditte Gry Ellman
- Andersen Group, Department of Clinical BiochemistryOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Shu Fang
- Andersen Group, Department of Clinical BiochemistryOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Sara Thornby Bak
- Andersen Group, Department of Clinical BiochemistryOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Svend Hvidsten
- Department of Nuclear MedicineOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
| | - Lars Allan Larsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Ann Mari Rosager
- Department of Clinical PathologySydvestjysk HospitalEsbjergDenmark
| | - Lars Peter Riber
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular SurgeryOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
| | - Mikael Schneider
- Andersen Group, Department of Clinical BiochemistryOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal ResearchInstitute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Jo De Mey
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal ResearchInstitute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- Department of Clinical GeneticsOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
| | - Mark Burton
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- Department of Clinical GeneticsOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
| | - Shizuka Uchida
- Center for RNA MedicineDepartment of Clinical MedicineAalborg UniversityCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jorge Laborda
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Castilla‐La Mancha Medical SchoolAlbaceteSpain
| | - Ditte Caroline Andersen
- Andersen Group, Department of Clinical BiochemistryOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal ResearchInstitute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
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3
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Ige S, Alaoui K, Al-Dibouni A, Dallas ML, Cagampang FR, Sellayah D, Chantler PD, Boateng SY. Leptin-dependent differential remodeling of visceral and pericardial adipose tissue following chronic exercise and psychosocial stress. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23325. [PMID: 38117486 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300269rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is driven by an imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure, causing excessive storage of triglycerides in adipose tissue at different sites around the body. Increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with diabetes, while pericardial adipose tissue (PAT) is associated with cardiac pathology. Adipose tissue can expand either through cellular hypertrophy or hyperplasia, with the former correlating with decreased metabolic health in obesity. The aim of this study was to determine how VAT and PAT remodel in response to obesity, stress, and exercise. Here we have used the male obese Zucker rats, which carries two recessive fa alleles that result in the development of hyperphagia with reduced energy expenditure, resulting in morbid obesity and leptin resistance. At 9 weeks of age, a group of lean (Fa/Fa or Fa/fa) Zucker rats (LZR) and obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats (OZR) were treated with unpredictable chronic mild stress or exercise for 8 weeks. To determine the phenotype for PAT and VAT, tissue cellularity and gene expression were analyzed. Finally, leptin signaling was investigated further using cultured 3T3-derived adipocytes. Tissue cellularity was determined following hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, while qPCR was used to examine gene expression. PAT adipocytes were significantly smaller than those from VAT and had a more beige-like appearance in both LZR and OZR. In the OZR group, VAT adipocyte cell size increased significantly compared with LZR, while PAT showed no difference. Exercise and stress resulted in a significant reduction in VAT cellularity in OZR, while PAT showed no change. This suggests that PAT cellularity does not remodel significantly compared with VAT. These data indicate that the extracellular matrix of PAT is able to remodel more readily than in VAT. In the LZR group, exercise increased insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) in PAT but was decreased in the OZR group. In VAT, exercise decreased IRS1 in LZR, while increasing it in OZR. This suggests that in obesity, VAT is more responsive to exercise and subsequently becomes less insulin resistant compared with PAT. Stress increased PPAR-γ expression in the VAT but decreased it in the PAT in the OZR group. This suggests that in obesity, stress increases adipogenesis more significantly in the VAT compared with PAT. To understand the role of leptin signaling in adipose tissue remodeling mechanistically, JAK2 autophosphorylation was inhibited using 5 μM 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexabromocyclohexane (Hex) in cultured 3T3-derived adipocytes. Palmitate treatment was used to induce cellular hypertrophy. Hex blocked adipocyte hypertrophy in response to palmitate treatment but not the increase in lipid droplet size. These data suggest that leptin signaling is necessary for adipocyte cell remodeling, and its absence induces whitening. Taken together, our data suggest that leptin signaling is necessary for adipocyte remodeling in response to obesity, exercise, and psychosocial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Ige
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Kaouthar Alaoui
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Alaa Al-Dibouni
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Mark L Dallas
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Felino R Cagampang
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Dyan Sellayah
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Paul D Chantler
- School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Samuel Y Boateng
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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4
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Fadhil Jaafar A, Afrisham R, Fadaei R, Farrokhi V, Moradi N, Abbasi A, Einollahi N. CCN3/NOV serum levels in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and its correlation with TNF-α and IL-6. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:306. [PMID: 37919772 PMCID: PMC10623743 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06590-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dysregulation in the secretion of adipokines or adipocytokines plays a significant role in triggering a pro-inflammatory state, leading to endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance, and ultimately elevating the risk of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD). Previous studies have shown a link between NOV/CCN3 (an adipokine) and obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation. However, no research has explored the relationship between CCN3 serum levels and CAD. Therefore, we conducted the first investigation to examine the correlation between CCN3 and CAD risk factors in patients. METHODS In a case-control study, we measured the serum levels of CCN3, IL-6, adiponectin, and TNF-α in 88 angiography-confirmed CAD patients and 88 control individuals using ELISA kits. Additionally, we used an auto analyzer and commercial kits to measure the biochemical parameters. RESULTS In patients with CAD, the serum levels of CCN3, TNF-α, and IL-6 were significantly higher compared to the control group, whereas lower levels of adiponectin were observed in the CAD group (P < 0.0001). A positive correlation was found between CCN3 and IL-6 and TNF-α in the CAD group ([r = 0.38, P < 0.0001], [r = 0.39, P < 0.0001], respectively). A binary logistic regression analysis showed the risk of CAD in the model adjusted (OR [95% CI] = 1.29 [1.19 - 1.41]), (P < 0.0001). We determined a cut-off value of CCN3 (3169.6 pg/mL) to distinguish CAD patients from the control group, with good sensitivity and specificity obtained for this finding (83.8% and 87.5%, respectively). CONCLUSION This study provides evidence of a positive association between CCN3 serum levels and CAD, as well as inflammation markers such as IL-6 and TNF-α. These findings suggest that CCN3 may serve as a potential biomarker for CAD, and further investigations are necessary to validate this association and explore its potential use in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Fadhil Jaafar
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Afrisham
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Fadaei
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Vida Farrokhi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nariman Moradi
- Liver and Digestive Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ali Abbasi
- Department of Cardiology, Dr Shariatee training and research Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Einollahi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Shibasaki I, Nakajima T, Fukuda T, Hasegawa T, Ogawa H, Tsuchiya G, Takei Y, Tezuka M, Kato T, Kanazawa Y, Kano Y, Kuwata T, Ouchi M, Toyoda S, Aso Y, Fukuda H. Serum and Adipose Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 in Cardiovascular Surgery Patients: Influence of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154333. [PMID: 35893426 PMCID: PMC9331841 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a novel adipokine and may be involved in the association between adipose tissue and metabolic syndrome. We investigated DPP-4 and adiponectin levels in the serum, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), and their relationship with preoperative factors, as well as comparing the DPP-4 levels in SAT and EAT with and without DPP-4 inhibitors. This study included 40 patients (25 men, age 67.5 ± 13.8 years). The serum adipokine, DPP-4, and adiponectin levels in SAT and EAT were measured using ELISA and Western blotting. The DPP-4 and adiponectin levels were significantly higher in the SAT than in the EAT. The serum DPP-4 and DPP-4 activity levels had no correlation with the DPP-4 levels in the SAT and EAT, but the DPP-4 levels in the SAT and EAT had a positive correlation. The DPP-4 levels in the SAT were positively correlated with atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, DPP-4-inhibitor use, and fasting blood glucose. The DPP-4 levels in the EAT showed a negative correlation with eGFR and a positive correlation with atrial fibrillation. The DPP-4 activity in the serum had a lower tendency in the group taking DPP-4 inhibitors than in the group not taking them. DPP-4 inhibitors may suppress angiogenesis and adipose-tissue hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Shibasaki
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan; (H.O.); (G.T.); (Y.T.); (M.T.); (Y.K.); (Y.K.); (H.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Toshiaki Nakajima
- Department of Medical KAATSU Training, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan; (T.N.); (T.H.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan;
| | - Taira Fukuda
- Department of Liberal Arts and Human Development, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Yokosuka 238-8522, Kanagawa, Japan;
| | - Takaaki Hasegawa
- Department of Medical KAATSU Training, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan; (T.N.); (T.H.)
| | - Hironaga Ogawa
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan; (H.O.); (G.T.); (Y.T.); (M.T.); (Y.K.); (Y.K.); (H.F.)
| | - Go Tsuchiya
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan; (H.O.); (G.T.); (Y.T.); (M.T.); (Y.K.); (Y.K.); (H.F.)
| | - Yusuke Takei
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan; (H.O.); (G.T.); (Y.T.); (M.T.); (Y.K.); (Y.K.); (H.F.)
| | - Masahiro Tezuka
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan; (H.O.); (G.T.); (Y.T.); (M.T.); (Y.K.); (Y.K.); (H.F.)
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Maebashi Red Cross Hospital, Maebashi 371-0811, Gunma, Japan; (T.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Yuta Kanazawa
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan; (H.O.); (G.T.); (Y.T.); (M.T.); (Y.K.); (Y.K.); (H.F.)
| | - Yasuyuki Kano
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan; (H.O.); (G.T.); (Y.T.); (M.T.); (Y.K.); (Y.K.); (H.F.)
| | - Toshiyuki Kuwata
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Maebashi Red Cross Hospital, Maebashi 371-0811, Gunma, Japan; (T.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Motoshi Ouchi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan;
| | - Shigeru Toyoda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan;
| | - Yoshimasa Aso
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan;
| | - Hirotsugu Fukuda
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan; (H.O.); (G.T.); (Y.T.); (M.T.); (Y.K.); (Y.K.); (H.F.)
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6
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Sinitsky MY, Dyleva YA, Uchasova EG, Belik EV, Yuzhalin AE, Gruzdeva OV, Matveeva VG, Ponasenko AV. Adipokine gene expression in adipocytes isolated from different fat depots of coronary artery disease patients. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:261-269. [PMID: 31595792 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1674338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To compare DPP4, LCN2, NAMPT, ITLN1, APLN mRNA levels in adipocytes isolated from the biopsies of subcutaneous, epicardial and perivascular fat obtained from 25 patients with coronary artery disease. Gene expression signature was determined by RT-qPCR with hydrolysis probes. We found DPP4 and APLN mRNA was higher expressed only in adipocytes isolated from epicardial adipose tissue compared to the subcutaneous fat. The ITLN1 gene was overexpressed in epicardial adipose tissue compared to both subcutaneous and perivascular tissues. APLN mRNA expression was positively correlated with total and LDL cholesterol plasma level, and DPP4 mRNA expression - with VLDL cholesterol concentration. Thus, adipocytes isolated from different adipose depots are characterised by differential gene expression of adipokines. Epicardial adipose tissue is of particular interest in the context of its function, molecular and genetic mechanisms of regulation of the cardiovascular system and as a therapeutic target for correction of adipose tissue-induced effects on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Yu Sinitsky
- Laboratory of Genome Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Yulia A Dyleva
- Laboratory of Homeostasis, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Evgenya G Uchasova
- Laboratory of Homeostasis, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina V Belik
- Laboratory of Homeostasis, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Arseniy E Yuzhalin
- Laboratory of Fundamental Aspects of Atherosclerosis, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Olga V Gruzdeva
- Laboratory of Homeostasis, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Vera G Matveeva
- Laboratory of Cell Technologies, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia V Ponasenko
- Laboratory of Genome Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
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7
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Ischemic heart disease: Cellular and molecular immune contributions of the pericardium. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 140:106076. [PMID: 34543760 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease promotes complex inflammatory and remodeling pathways which contribute to the development of chronic heart failure. Although blood-derived and local cardiac mediators have traditionally been linked with these processes, the pericardial space has more recently been noted as alternative contributor to the injury response in the heart. The pericardial space contains fluid rich in physiologically active mediators, and immunologically active adipose tissue, which are altered during myocardial infarction. Key immune cells in the pericardial fluid and adipose tissue have been identified which act as mediators for cell recruitment and function after myocardial infarction have been identified in experimental models. Here, we provide an overview of the current understanding of the inflammatory mechanisms of the pericardial space and their role in post-myocardial infarction remodeling and the potential for the use of the pericardial space as a delivery vehicle for treatments to modulate heart healing.
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8
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Su X, Cheng Y, Zhang G, Wang B. Novel insights into the pathological mechanisms of metabolic related dyslipidemia. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5675-5687. [PMID: 34218408 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06529-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to the technological advances, it has been well-established that obesity is strongly correlated with various health problems. Among these problems, dyslipidemia is one of the most important concomitant symptoms under obese status which is the main driving force behind the pathological progression of cardio-metabolic disorder diseases. Importantly, the type of dyslipidemia, arising from concerted action of obesity, has been identified as "metabolic related dyslipidemia", which is characterized by increased circulating levels of Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), Triglycerides (TG) accompanied by lower circulating levels of High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). On the other hand, the metabolic related dyslipidemia is being verified as a vital link between obesity and hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and Cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this review, we summarized the current understanding of metabolic related dyslipidemia and the potential mechanisms which lead to the pathogenesis of obesity. Meanwhile, we also summarized the emerging results which focused on several novel lipid bio-markers in metabolic related dyslipidemia, such as pro-protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), and their potential use as biomarkers of metabolic related dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 2999 Jinshan Road, Xiamen, 361000, Fujian, China
| | - Ye Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 2999 Jinshan Road, Xiamen, 361000, Fujian, China
| | - Guoming Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 2999 Jinshan Road, Xiamen, 361000, Fujian, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 2999 Jinshan Road, Xiamen, 361000, Fujian, China.
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9
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Su X, Chen X, Wang B. Pathology of metabolically-related dyslipidemia. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 521:107-115. [PMID: 34192528 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that overweight/obesity is closely associated with multiple health problems. Among these, dyslipidemia is the most important and main driving force behind pathologic development of cardio-metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus, atherosclerotic-related cardiovascular disease and hypertension. Notably, a subtype of dyslipidemia, metabolic related dyslipidemia, is now recognized as a vital link between obesity and multiple different cardiovascular diseases. This condition is characterized by increased low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) as well as decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in serum. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of metabolic related dyslipidemia and the potential mechanisms which lead to the pathogenesis of obesity/overweight. We focus on several novel lipid biomarkers such as pro-protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and their potential use as biomarkers of metabolic related dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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10
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Hjortebjerg R, Rasmussen LM, Gude MF, Irmukhamedov A, Riber LP, Frystyk J, De Mey JGR. Local IGF Bioactivity Associates with High PAPP-A Activity in the Pericardial Cavity of Cardiovascular Disease Patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5900391. [PMID: 32875328 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) has been suggested as a proatherogenic enzyme by its ability to locally increase insulin-like growth factor (IGF) activity through proteolytic cleavage of IGF binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4). Recently, stanniocalcin-2 (STC2) was discovered as an inhibitor of PAPP-A. This study aimed to investigate IGFBP-4, PAPP-A, and STC2 as local regulators of IGF bioactivity in the cardiac microenvironment by comparing levels in the pericardial fluid with those in the circulation of patients with cardiovascular disease. METHODS Plasma and pericardial fluid were obtained from 39 patients undergoing elective cardiothoracic surgery, hereof 15 patients with type 2 diabetes. Concentrations of IGF-I, intact and fragmented IGFBP-4, PAPP-A, and STC2 were determined by immunoassays and IGF bioactivity by a cell-based assay. RESULTS In pericardial fluid, the concentrations of total IGF-I, intact IGFBP-4, and STC2 were 72 ± 10%, 91 ± 5%, and 40 ± 24% lower than in plasma, while PAPP-A was 15 times more concentrated. The levels of the 2 IGFBP-4 fragments generated by PAPP-A and reflecting PAPP-A activity were elevated by more than 25%. IGF bioactivity was 62 ± 81% higher in the pericardial fluid than plasma. Moreover, pericardial fluid levels of both IGFBP-4 fragments correlated with the concentration of PAPP-A and with the bioactivity of IGF. All protein levels were similar in pericardial fluid from nondiabetic and diabetic subjects. CONCLUSIONS PAPP-A increases IGF bioactivity by cleavage of IGFBP-4 in the pericardial cavity of cardiovascular disease patients. This study provides evidence for a distinct local activity of the IGF system, which may promote cardiac dysfunction and coronary atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Hjortebjerg
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology (KMEB), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Lars Melholt Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Centre for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mette Faurholdt Gude
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Akhmadjon Irmukhamedov
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars P Riber
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jan Frystyk
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology (KMEB), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Jo G R De Mey
- Centre for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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11
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Zhang P, Konja D, Wang Y. Adipose tissue secretory profile and cardiometabolic risk in obesity. ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endmts.2020.100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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12
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Su X, Peng D. Emerging functions of adipokines in linking the development of obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:7991-8006. [PMID: 32888125 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05732-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that obesity is the critical factor in shaping cardio-metabolic phenotypes. However, the pathogenic mechanisms remain incompletely clarified. According to the published reports, adipose tissue communicates with several diverse organs, such as heart, lungs, and kidneys through the secretion of various cytokines named adipokines. The adipocytes isolated from obese mice or humans are dysfunctional with aberrant production of pro-inflammatory adipokines, which subsequently induce both acute and chronic inflammatory reaction and facilitate the process of cardio-metabolic disorder complications. Furthermore, the microenvironment within adipose tissue under obese status also influence the secretion of adipokines. Recently, given that several important adipokines have been completely researched and causally involved in various diseases, we could make a conclusion that adipokines play an essential role in modulating the development of cardio-metabolic disorder diseases, whereas several novel adipokines continue to be explored and elucidated. In the present review, we summarized the current knowledge of the microenvironment of adipose tissue and the published mechanisms whereby adipocytes affects obesity and cardiovascular diseases. On the other hand, we also provide the evidence to elucidate the functions of adipokines in controlling and regulating the inflammatory reactions which contribute to obesity and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Daoquan Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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13
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Su X, Peng D. Adipokines as novel biomarkers of cardio-metabolic disorders. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 507:31-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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14
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Unique Genetic and Histological Signatures of Mouse Pericardial Adipose Tissue. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061855. [PMID: 32580292 PMCID: PMC7353424 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for a plethora of metabolic disturbances including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Accumulating evidence is showing that there is an adipose tissue depot-dependent relationship with obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction. While some adipose depots, such as subcutaneous fat, are generally metabolically innocuous, others such as visceral fat, are directly deleterious. A lesser known visceral adipose depot is the pericardial adipose tissue depot. We therefore set out to examine its transcriptional and morphological signature under chow and high-fat fed conditions, in comparison with other adipose depots, using a mouse model. Our results revealed that under chow conditions pericardial adipose tissue has uncoupling-protein 1 gene expression levels which are significantly higher than classical subcutaneous and visceral adipose depots. We also observed that under high-fat diet conditions, the pericardial adipose depot exhibits greatly upregulated transcript levels of inflammatory cytokines. Our results collectively indicate, for the first time, that the pericardial adipose tissue possesses a unique transcriptional and histological signature which has features of both a beige (brown fat-like) but also pro-inflammatory depot, such as visceral fat. This unique profile may be involved in metabolic dysfunction associated with obesity.
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15
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Elie AGIM, Bloksgaard M, Sun WY, Yang K, Man AWC, Xu A, Irmukhamedov A, Riber LP, Wang Y, De Mey JGR. Local enrichment of fatty acid-binding protein 4 in the pericardial cavity of cardiovascular disease patients. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206802. [PMID: 30395653 PMCID: PMC6218069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pericardial fluid may be representative of the interstitium of the heart. The aim of this study was to discriminate in cardiovascular disease patients between adipocytokines that are produced locally by the heart and those supplied by the circulation. METHODS Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used to determine levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pBNP), fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), leptin, lipocalin-2, neutrophil elastase, proteinase-3, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and adiponectin in venous plasma and pericardial fluid harvested during elective cardio-thoracic surgery (n = 132-152). RESULTS In pericardial fluid compared to plasma, the levels were significantly smaller (p < 0.001) for leptin, lipocalin-2, neutrophil elastase, proteinase-3, hsCRP and adiponectin. For these biomarkers, the ratio of pericardial fluid-to-plasma level ([PF]/[P], median (interquartile range)) was 0.65 (0.47-1.01), 0.78 (0.56-1.09), 0.23 (0.11-0.60), 0.17 (0.09-0.36), 0.14 (0.08-0.35), and 0.25 (0.15-0.34), respectively. In contrast, pericardial fluid was significantly enriched (p < 0.001) in NT-pBNP ([PF]/[P]: 1.9 (1.06-2.73)) and even more so for FABP4 ([PF]/[P]: 3.90 (1.47-9.77)). Moreover, in pericardial fluid, the adipocytokines interrelated all significantly positive and correlated negative to hsCRP, whereas for NT-pBNP only a significantly positive correlation with adiponectin was found. These interrelations were distinct from those in the plasma, as were the correlations of the pericardial biomarkers with patient characteristics compared to plasma. CONCLUSIONS In cardiovascular disease patients, the pericardial cavity is a distinct adipocytokine microenvironment in which especially FABP4 is mainly derived from the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atlanta G. I. M. Elie
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Maria Bloksgaard
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Wai Y. Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kangmin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andy W. C. Man
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Akhmadjon Irmukhamedov
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Lars P. Riber
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jo G. R. De Mey
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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16
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Rietdorf K, MacQueen H. Investigating interactions between epicardial adipose tissue and cardiac myocytes: what can we learn from different approaches? Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:3542-3560. [PMID: 27882550 PMCID: PMC5610165 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Some cardiovascular conditions can be modulated by lifestyle factors such as increased exercise or a healthier diet, but many require surgical or pharmacological interventions for their management. More targeted and less invasive therapies would be beneficial. Recently, it has become apparent that epicardial adipose tissue plays an important role in normal and pathological cardiac function, and it is now the focus of considerable research. Epicardial adipose tissue can be studied by imaging of various kinds, and these approaches have yielded much useful information. However, at a molecular level, it is more difficult to study as it is relatively scarce in animal models and, for practical and ethical reasons, not always available in sufficient quantities from patients. What is needed is a robust model system in which the interactions between epicardial adipocytes and cardiac myocytes can be studied, and physiologically relevant manipulations performed. There are drawbacks to conventional culture methods, not least the difficulty of culturing both cardiac myocytes and adipocytes, each of which has special requirements. We discuss the benefits of a three-dimensional co-culture model in which in vivo interactions can be replicated. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Perivascular Adipose Tissue - Potential Pharmacological Targets? To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.20/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Rietdorf
- School of Life, Health and Chemical SciencesThe Open UniversityMilton KeynesUK
| | - Hilary MacQueen
- School of Life, Health and Chemical SciencesThe Open UniversityMilton KeynesUK
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17
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Yang K, Deng HB, Man AWC, Song E, Zhang J, Luo C, Cheung BMY, Yuen KY, Jensen PS, Irmukhamedov A, Elie AGIM, Vanhoutte PM, Xu A, De Mey JGR, Wang Y. Measuring non-polyaminated lipocalin-2 for cardiometabolic risk assessment. ESC Heart Fail 2017; 4:563-575. [PMID: 29154418 PMCID: PMC5695172 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Lipocalin‐2 is a pro‐inflammatory molecule characterized by a highly diversified pattern of expression and structure–functional relationships. In vivo, this molecule exists as multiple variants due to post‐translational modifications and/or protein–protein interactions. Lipocalin‐2 is modified by polyamination, which enhances the clearance of this protein from the circulation and prevents its excessive accumulation in tissues. On the other hand, animal studies suggest that non‐polyaminated lipocalin‐2 (npLcn2) plays a causal role in the pathogenesis of obesity‐associated medical complications. The present study examined the presence of npLcn2 in samples from healthy volunteers or patients with cardiac abnormalities and evaluated npLcn2 as a biomarker for cardiometabolic risk assessment. Methods and results Immunoassays were developed to quantify npLcn2 in blood and urine samples collected from 100 volunteers (59 men and 41 women), or venous plasma and pericardial fluid samples obtained from 37 cardiothoracic surgery patients. In healthy volunteers, npLcn2 levels in serum are significantly higher in obese and overweight than in lean subjects. After adjustment for age, gender, smoking, and body mass index (BMI), serum npLcn2 levels are positively correlated with heart rate, circulating triglycerides, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP), and creatinine in plasma. The npLcn2 levels in urine are significantly increased in subjects with metabolic syndrome and positively correlated with BMI, heart rate, circulating triglycerides, and urinary aldosterone. In cardiothoracic surgery patients, the circulating concentrations of npLcn2 are higher (more than two‐fold) than those of healthy volunteers and positively correlated with the accumulation of this protein in the pericardial fluid. Heart failure patients exhibit excessive expression and distribution of npLcn2 in mesothelial cells and adipocytes of the parietal pericardium, which are significantly correlated with the elevated plasma levels of npLcn2, total cholesterol, and creatinine. Conclusions Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of npLcn2 in human biofluid samples and tissue samples can be applied for risk assessment of healthy individuals and disease management of patients with obesity‐related cardiometabolic and renal complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangmin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Han-Bing Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andy W C Man
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Erfei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jialiang Zhang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cuiting Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pia Søndergaard Jensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Akhmadjon Irmukhamedov
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Atlanta G I M Elie
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Paul M Vanhoutte
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jo G R De Mey
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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