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Ramadan E, Freeg HA, Shalaby N, Rizk MS, Ma J, Du W, Ibrahim OM, Alwutayd KM, AbdElgawad H, Jo IH, El-Tahan AM. Response of nine triticale genotypes to different salt concentrations at the germination and early seedling stages. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16256. [PMID: 38152345 PMCID: PMC10752223 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity stress poses a major challenge to agricultural productivity worldwide, and understanding their responses at the early growth stage is vital for devising strategies to cope with this stress. Therefore, to improve triticale productivity, this study investigated the salinity stress tolerance of different salt-tolerant triticale genotypes aiming to cultivate them on saline soils. To this end, salinity stress impacts on nine triticale genotypes, i.e., Zhongsi 1084, Gannong No. 2, Gannong No. 4, Shida No. 1, C6, C16, C23, C25 and C36 at germination and early seedling stages was evaluated. Each genotype was subjected to six treatments inducing control, 40, 80, 120, 160, and 200 mM NaCl treatments to study their effect on seedling and termination traits of the nine genotypes. Compared to the overall mean seedling vigor index, the seedling vigor index was higher in the genotypes Zhongsi 1084 and C6 (39% and 18.1%, respectively) and lower in Gannong No.2 (41%). Increasing NaCl concentrations negatively affected germination and seedling traits. Compared to other genotypes, Zhongsi 1084 had the highest mean germination rate, germination vigor index, germination percentage, mean daily germination and germination energy. It also showed the lowest relative salt injury. The relative salt injury was higher in the genotype Shida No. 1 than those in Gannong No. 2, Gannong No. 4, Shida No. 1, C16, and C36 genotypes. All genotypes exhibited desirable mean germination time except for line C6. High significant positive correlations were observed among germination rate, germination vigor index, germination percentage, mean daily germination, seedling vigor index, and root length. Principal component analysis (PCA) grouped the most desirable genotypes into two clusters. Our study determined salt stress tolerance of nine triticale genotypes at germination and early seedling stages. to select salt-tolerant genotypes that can be cultivated on saline soil or after salt irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Ramadan
- Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt, Kafr Elshiekh, Egypt
| | - Haytham A. Freeg
- Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt, Kafr Elshiekh, Egypt
| | - Nagwa Shalaby
- Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt, Kafr Elshiekh, Egypt
| | - Mosa S. Rizk
- Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt, Kafr Elshiekh, Egypt
| | - Jun Ma
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Gansu, China
| | - Wenhua Du
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Gansu, China
| | - Omar M. Ibrahim
- Plant Production Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Borg El Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Khairiah M. Alwutayd
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Ick-Hyun Jo
- Department of Crop Science and Biotechnology, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Amira M. El-Tahan
- Plant Production Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Borg El Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
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Silkova OG, Ivanova YN, Stepochkin PI. Creation and study of emmer (Triticum dicoccum) × triticale hybrids. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2023; 27:323-332. [PMID: 37475720 PMCID: PMC10354443 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-23-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) is of great interest as an insurance crop that can ensure the stability of the gross harvest of feed and food grains at a lower cost. In Western Siberia, only winter triticale varieties are cultivated, however, spring triticales are important for cultivation in regions not suitable for winter crops. To create spring varieties with high yields and good grain quality, it is necessary to study and enrich the gene pool, identify donors of economically valuable traits. One of the possible ways to solve this problem can be through the production of secondary hexaploid triticales with the involvement of the tetraploid wild-growing species of emmer wheat Triticum dicoccum (Schrank) Schuebl. The aim of this work was to create and study hybrids of emmer T. dicoccum (Schrank) Schuebl. with hexaploid triticale using genomic in situ hybridization for staining of meiotic chromosomes and analysis of plant productivity elements in F4-F8. DT4, DT5, DT6 plants and the prebreeding F6 forms obtained from them - DT 4/168, DT 5/176 and DT 6/186 - were selected according to the characteristics of the productivity and the nature of the grain in the F4 hybrid population. The offspring of hybrids DT4 and DT5 and prebreeding forms DT 4/168 and DT 5/176 had an increased grain nature (over 750 g/l), but low productivity. The hybrid DT6 and the breeding form DT 6/186 obtained from it had high grain productivity (785 ± 41 and 822 ± 74 g/m2, respectively), but, like the paternal form of triticale UK 30/33, had a reduced nature of the grain. In F8 DT 6/186 plants, 7 homologous pairs of rye chromosomes and from 27 to 30 wheat chromosomes were found in meiosis, which indicates the presence of a complete rye genome and two wheat ААВВ genomes. Rye chromosomes showed stable formation of bivalents in contrast to wheat chromosomes, which caused the presence of aneuploids in plant populations. Thus, hexaploid forms DT 4/168 and DT 5/176 with well-made smooth grain and high grain size were obtained, which can be used as a source of this trait for selection of food-grade triticale. DT 6/186 is a promising form for further breeding in order to obtain high-yielding forms of triticale.
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Affiliation(s)
- O G Silkova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Y N Ivanova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - P I Stepochkin
- Siberian Research Institute of Plant Production and Breeding - Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Li D, Long D, Li T, Wu Y, Wang Y, Zeng J, Xu L, Fan X, Sha L, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Kang H. Cytogenetics and stripe rust resistance of wheat- Thinopyrum elongatum hybrid derivatives. Mol Cytogenet 2018; 11:16. [PMID: 29441130 PMCID: PMC5800275 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-018-0366-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amphidiploids generated by distant hybridization are commonly used as genetic bridge to transfer desirable genes from wild wheat species into cultivated wheat. This method is typically used to enhance the resistance of wheat to biotic or abiotic stresses, and to increase crop yield and quality. Tetraploid Thinopyrum elongatum exhibits strong adaptability, resistance to stripe rust and Fusarium head blight, and tolerance to salt, drought, and cold. RESULTS In the present study, we produced hybrid derivatives by crossing and backcrossing the Triticum durum-Th. elongatum partial amphidiploid (Trititrigia 8801, 2n = 6× = 42, AABBEE) with wheat cultivars common to the Sichuan Basin. By means of cytogenetic and disease resistance analyses, we identified progeny harboring alien chromosomes and measured their resistance to stripe rust. Hybrid progenies possessed chromosome numbers ranging from 40 to 47 (mean = 42.72), with 40.0% possessing 42 chromosomes. Genomic in situ hybridization revealed that the number of alien chromosomes ranged from 1 to 11. Out of the 50 of analyzed lines, five represented chromosome addition (2n = 44 = 42 W + 2E) and other five were chromosome substitution lines (2n = 42 = 40 W + 2E). Importantly, a single chromosome derived from wheat-Th. elongatum intergenomic Robertsonian translocations chromosome was occurred in 12 lines. Compared with the wheat parental cultivars ('CN16' and 'SM482'), the majority (70%) of the derivative lines were highly resistant to strains of stripe rust pathogen known to be prevalent in China. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that these hybrid-derivative lines with stripe rust resistance could potentially be used as germplasm sources for further wheat improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiyan Li
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 China
| | - Dan Long
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 China
| | - Tinghui Li
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 China
| | - Yanli Wu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 China
| | - Yi Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 China
| | - Jian Zeng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 China
| | - Lili Xu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 China
| | - Xing Fan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 China
| | - Lina Sha
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 China
| | - Haiqin Zhang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 China
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 China
| | - Houyang Kang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 China
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Kang HY, Tang L, Li DY, Diao CD, Zhu W, Tang Y, Wang Y, Fan X, Xu LL, Zeng J, Sha LN, Yu XF, Zhang HQ, Zhou YH. Cytogenetic study and stripe rust response of the derivatives from a wheat - Thinopyrum intermedium - Psathyrostachys huashanica trigeneric hybrid. Genome 2016; 60:393-401. [PMID: 28177834 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2016-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
To transfer multiple desirable alien genes into common wheat, we previously reported a new trigeneric hybrid synthesized by crossing a wheat - Thinopyrum intermedium partial amphiploid with wheat - Psathyrostachys huashanica amphiploid. Here, the meiotic behavior, chromosome constitution, and stripe rust resistance of F5 derivatives from the wheat - Th. intermedium - P. huashanica trigeneric hybrid were studied. Cytological analysis indicated the F5 progenies had chromosome numbers of 42-50 (average 44.96). The mean meiotic configuration was 1.28 univalents, 21.74 bivalents, 0.04 trivalents, and 0.02 tetravalents per pollen mother cell. In 2n = 42 lines, the average pairing configuration was 0.05 I + 19.91 II (ring) + 1.06 II (rod) + 0.003 IV, suggesting these lines were cytologically stable. Most lines with 2n = 43, 44, 46, 48, or 50, bearing a high frequency of univalents or multivalents, showed abnormal meiotic behavior. Genomic in situ hybridization karyotyping results revealed that 25 lines contained 1-7 Th. intermedium chromosomes, but no P. huashanica chromosomes were found among the 27 self-pollinated progenies. At meiosis, univalents (1-5) possessing Th. intermedium hybridization signals were detected in 19 lines. Bivalents (1-3) expressing fluorescence signals were observed in 12 lines. Importantly, 21 lines harbored wheat - Th. intermedium chromosomal translocations with various alien translocation types. Additionally, two homozygous lines, K13-668-10 and K13-682-12, possessed a pair of wheat - Th. intermedium small fragmental translocations. Compared with the recurrent parent Zhong 3, most lines showed high resistance to the stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) pathogens prevalent in China, including race V26/Gui22. This paper reports a highly efficient technical method for inducing alien translocation between wheat and Th. intermedium by trigeneric hybridization. These lines might be potentially valuable germplasm resources for further wheat improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Yang Kang
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Tang
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Dai-Yan Li
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Cheng-Dou Diao
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao Tang
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xing Fan
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Li-Li Xu
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- b College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Li-Na Sha
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Yu
- c College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Hai-Qin Zhang
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong-Hong Zhou
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
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