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Inui K, Takeuchi N, Borgil B, Shingaki M, Sugiyama S, Taniguchi T, Nishihara M, Watanabe T, Suzuki D, Motomura E, Kida T. Age and sex effects on paired-pulse suppression and prepulse inhibition of auditory evoked potentials. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1378619. [PMID: 38655109 PMCID: PMC11035799 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1378619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Responses to a sensory stimulus are inhibited by a preceding stimulus; if the two stimuli are identical, paired-pulse suppression (PPS) occurs; if the preceding stimulus is too weak to reliably elicit the target response, prepulse inhibition (PPI) occurs. PPS and PPI represent excitability changes in neural circuits induced by the first stimulus, but involve different mechanisms and are impaired in different diseases, e.g., impaired PPS in schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease and impaired PPI in schizophrenia and movement disorders. Therefore, these measures provide information on several inhibitory mechanisms that may have roles in clinical conditions. In the present study, PPS and PPI of the auditory change-related cortical response were examined to establish normative data on healthy subjects (35 females and 32 males, aged 19-70 years). We also investigated the effects of age and sex on PPS and PPI to clarify whether these variables need to be considered as biases. The test response was elicited by an abrupt increase in sound pressure in a continuous sound and was recorded by electroencephalography. In the PPS experiment, the two change stimuli to elicit the cortical response were a 15-dB increase from the background of 65 dB separated by 600 ms. In the PPI experiment, the prepulse and test stimuli were 2- and 10-dB increases, respectively, with an interval of 50 ms. The results obtained showed that sex exerted similar effects on the two measures, with females having stronger test responses and weaker inhibition. On the other hand, age exerted different effects: aging correlated with stronger test responses and weaker inhibition in the PPS experiment, but had no effects in the PPI experiment. The present results suggest age and sex biases in addition to normative data on PPS and PPI of auditory change-related potentials. PPS and PPI, as well as other similar paradigms, such as P50 gating, may have different and common mechanisms. Collectively, they may provide insights into the pathophysiologies of diseases with impaired inhibitory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Inui
- Department of Functioning and Disability, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan
- Section of Brain Function Information, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | | | - Bayasgalan Borgil
- Department of Functioning and Disability, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Megumi Shingaki
- Department of Functioning and Disability, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sugiyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tomoya Taniguchi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishihara
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Takayasu Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Japan
| | - Dai Suzuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Eishi Motomura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kida
- Department of Functioning and Disability, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan
- Section of Brain Function Information, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
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Takeuchi N, Fujita K, Taniguchi T, Kinukawa T, Sugiyama S, Kanemoto K, Nishihara M, Inui K. Mechanisms of Short- and Long-Latency Sensory Suppression: Magnetoencephalography Study. Neuroscience 2023; 514:92-99. [PMID: 36435478 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is sensory suppression whose mechanism (i.e., whether PPI originates from specific inhibitory mechanisms) remains unclear. In this study, we applied the combination of short-latency PPI and long-latency paired pulse suppression in 17 healthy subjects using magnetoencephalography to investigate the mechanisms of sensory suppression. Repeats of a 25-ms pure tone without a blank at 800 Hz and 70 dB were used for a total duration of 1600 ms. To elicit change-related cortical responses, the sound pressure of two consecutive tones in this series at 1300 ms was increased to 80 dB (Test). For the conditioning stimuli, the sound pressure was increased to 73 dB at 1250 ms (Pre 1) and 80 dB at 700 ms (Pre 2). Six stimuli were randomly presented as follows: (1) Test alone, (2) Pre 1 alone, (3) Pre 1 + Test, (4) Pre 2 + Test, (5) Pre 2 + Pre 1, and (6) Pre 2 + Pre 1 + Test. The inhibitory effects of the conditioning stimuli were evaluated using N100m/P200m components. The results showed that both Pre 1 and Pre 2 significantly suppressed the Test response. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of Pre 1 and Pre 2 were additive. However, when both prepulses were present, Pre 2 significantly suppressed the Pre 1 response, suggesting that the Pre 1 response amplitude was not a determining factor for the degree of suppression. These results suggested that the suppression originated from a specific inhibitory circuit independent of the excitatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Takeuchi
- Neuropsychiatric Department, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Okazaki City Hospital, Okazaki 444-8553, Japan.
| | - Kohei Fujita
- Neuropsychiatric Department, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Tomoya Taniguchi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kinukawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sugiyama
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kousuke Kanemoto
- Neuropsychiatric Department, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishihara
- Neuropsychiatric Department, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan; Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Koji Inui
- Department of Functioning and Disability, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai 480-0392, Japan
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Target Site of Prepulse Inhibition of the Trigeminal Blink Reflex in Humans. J Neurosci 2023; 43:261-269. [PMID: 36443001 PMCID: PMC9838709 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1468-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the clinical significance of prepulse inhibition (PPI), the mechanisms are not well understood. Herein, we present our investigation of PPI in the R1 component of electrically induced blink reflexes. The effect of a prepulse was explored with varying prepulse test intervals (PTIs) of 20-600 ms in 4 females and 12 males. Prepulse-test combinations included the following: stimulation of the supraorbital nerve (SON)-SON [Experiment (Exp) 1], sound-sound (Exp 2), the axon of the facial nerve-SON (Exp 3), sound-SON (Exp 4), and SON-SON with a long trial-trial interval (Exp 5). Results showed that (1) leading weak SON stimulation reduced SON-induced ipsilateral R1 with a maximum effect at a PTI of 140 ms, (2) the sound-sound paradigm resulted in a U-shaped inhibition time course of the auditory startle reflex (ASR) peaking at 140 ms PTI, (3) facial nerve stimulation showed only a weak effect on R1, (4) a weak sound prepulse facilitated R1 but strongly inhibited SON-induced late blink reflexes (LateRs) with a similar U-shaped curve, and (5) LateR in Exp 5 was almost completely absent at PTIs >80 ms. These results indicate that the principal sensory nucleus is responsible for R1 PPI. Inhibition of ASR or LateR occurs at a point in the startle reflex circuit where auditory and somatosensory signals converge. Although the two inhibitions are different in location, their similar time courses suggest similar neural mechanisms. As R1 has a simple circuit and is stable, R1 PPI helps to clarify PPI mechanisms.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is a phenomenon in which the startle response induced by a startle stimulus is suppressed by a preceding nonstartle stimulus. This study demonstrated that the R1 component of the trigeminal blink reflex shows clear PPI despite R1 generation within a circuit consisting of the trigeminal and facial nuclei, without startle reflex circuit involvement. Thus, PPI is not specific to the startle reflex. In addition, PPI of R1, the auditory startle reflex, and the trigeminal late blink reflex showed similar time courses in response to the prepulse test interval, suggesting similar mechanisms regardless of inhibition site. R1 PPI, in conjunction with other paradigms with different prepulse-test combinations, would increase understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
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Expression of Concern: Inhibition in the Human Auditory Cortex. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279799. [PMID: 36630337 PMCID: PMC9833540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Motomura E, Tanii H, Kawano Y, Inui K, Okada M. Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met Polymorphism and Prepulse Inhibition of the Change-related Cerebral Response. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2022; 323:111484. [PMID: 35472623 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2022.111484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Change-related potentials elicited by an abrupt sound feature's change are attenuated by a leading weak sound (prepulse inhibition: PPI). We investigated whether the PPI index is associated with the catechol-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism (rs4680), which is involved in the metabolism of dopamine in the prefrontal cortex. Healthy subjects with normal hearing were recruited (n = 70). A train of 100-Hz clicks 650 ms in duration was used. The test stimulus was an abrupt increase in sound intensity (+10 dB) from the baseline (70 dB) provided at 400 ms after the sound onset. Three consecutive clicks at 30, 40, and 50 ms before the change's onset were greater (+3 or +5 dB) from the baseline as a prepulse. The targeting auditory evoked potential component was Change-N1 peaking approx. 130 ms after the change onset. We calculated the inhibition level as the% inhibition of the Change-N1 amplitude by a prepulse. The %PPI in the Met-carriers was significantly greater than that in the Val/Val-individuals. Our results suggest that dopamine might play a role in the PPI of the change-related response. We propose that this index has the potential to identify an intermediate phenotype in psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eishi Motomura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
| | - Hisashi Tanii
- Center for Physical and Mental Health, Mie University, Tsu, Japan; Department of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kawano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Koji Inui
- Department of Functioning and Disability, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Motohiro Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
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Yang X, Liu L, Yang P, Ding Y, Wang C, Li L. The Effects of Attention on the Syllable-Induced Prepulse Inhibition of the Startle Reflex and Cortical EEG Responses against Energetic or Informational Masking in Humans. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12050660. [PMID: 35625046 PMCID: PMC9139428 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is the reduction in the acoustic startle reflex (ASR) when the startling stimulus (pulse) is preceded by a weaker, non-starting stimulus. This can be enhanced by facilitating selective attention to the prepulse against a noise-masking background. On the other hand, the facilitation of selective attention to a target speech can release the target speech from masking, particularly from speech informational masking. It is not clear whether attentional regulation also affects PPI in this kind of auditory masking. This study used a speech syllable as the prepulse to examine whether the masker type and perceptual spatial attention can affect the PPI or the scalp EEG responses to the prepulse in healthy younger-adult humans, and whether the ERPs evoked by the prepulse can predict the PPI intensity of the ASR. The results showed that the speech masker produced a larger masking effect than the noise masker, and the perceptual spatial separation facilitated selective attention to the prepulse, enhancing both the N1 component of the prepulse syllable and the PPI of the ASR, particularly when the masker was speech. In addition, there was no significant correlation between the PPI and ERPs under any of the conditions, but the perceptual separation-induced PPI enhancement and ERP N1P2 peak-to-peak amplitude enhancement were correlated under the speech-masking condition. Thus, the attention-mediated PPI is useful for differentiating noise energetic masking and speech informational masking, and the perceptual separation-induced release of the prepulse from informational masking is more associated with attention-mediated early cortical unmasking processing than with energetic masking. However, the processes for the PPI of the ASR and the cortical responses to the prepulse are mediated by different neural mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing 100069, China;
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100080, China; (L.L.); (P.Y.); (Y.D.)
| | - Pengcheng Yang
- Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100080, China; (L.L.); (P.Y.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yu Ding
- Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100080, China; (L.L.); (P.Y.); (Y.D.)
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Changming Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China;
| | - Liang Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing 100069, China;
- Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100080, China; (L.L.); (P.Y.); (Y.D.)
- Correspondence:
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What is the mechanism of loudness hyperacusis in autism? Med Hypotheses 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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San-Martin R, Zimiani MI, de Ávila MAV, Shuhama R, Del-Ben CM, Menezes PR, Fraga FJ, Salum C. Early Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Patients Display Reduced Neural Prepulse Inhibition. Brain Sci 2022; 12:93. [PMID: 35053836 PMCID: PMC8773710 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered sensorimotor gating has been demonstrated by Prepulse Inhibition (PPI) tests in patients with psychosis. Recent advances in signal processing methods allow assessment of neural PPI through electroencephalogram (EEG) recording during acoustic startle response measures (classic muscular PPI). Simultaneous measurements of muscular (eye-blink) and neural gating phenomena during PPI test may help to better understand sensorial processing dysfunctions in psychosis. In this study, we aimed to assess simultaneously muscular and neural PPI in early bipolar disorder and schizophrenia patients. METHOD Participants were recruited from a population-based case-control study of first episode psychosis. PPI was measured using electromyography (EMG) and EEG in pulse alone and prepulse + pulse with intervals of 30, 60, and 120 ms in early bipolar disorder (n = 18) and schizophrenia (n = 11) patients. As control group, 15 socio-economically matched healthy subjects were recruited. All subjects were evaluated with Rating Scale, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, and Young Mania Rating Scale questionnaires at recruitment and just before PPI test. Wilcoxon ranked sum tests were used to compare PPI test results between groups. RESULTS In comparison to healthy participants, neural PPI was significantly reduced in PPI 30 and PPI60 among bipolar and schizophrenia patients, while muscular PPI was reduced in PPI60 and PPI120 intervals only among patients with schizophrenia. CONCLUSION The combination of muscular and neural PPI evaluations suggested distinct impairment patterns among schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients. Simultaneous recording may contribute with novel information in sensory gating investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo San-Martin
- Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, Brazil; (R.S.-M.); (M.I.Z.)
| | - Maria Inês Zimiani
- Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, Brazil; (R.S.-M.); (M.I.Z.)
| | | | - Rosana Shuhama
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, Brazil; (M.A.V.d.Á.); (R.S.); (C.M.D.-B.)
- Population Mental Health Research Center, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil;
| | - Cristina Marta Del-Ben
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, Brazil; (M.A.V.d.Á.); (R.S.); (C.M.D.-B.)
- Population Mental Health Research Center, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil;
| | - Paulo Rossi Menezes
- Population Mental Health Research Center, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil;
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Francisco José Fraga
- Centro de Engenharia, Modelagem e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil;
| | - Cristiane Salum
- Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, Brazil; (R.S.-M.); (M.I.Z.)
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Takeuchi N, Fujita K, Taniguchi T, Kinukawa T, Sugiyama S, Kanemoto K, Nishihara M, Inui K. Mechanisms of Long-Latency Paired Pulse Suppression: MEG Study. Brain Topogr 2021; 35:241-250. [PMID: 34748108 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-021-00878-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Paired pulse suppression is an electrophysiological method used to evaluate sensory suppression and often applied to patients with psychiatric disorders. However, it remains unclear whether the suppression comes from specific inhibitory mechanisms, refractoriness, or fatigue. In the present study, to investigate mechanisms of suppression induced by an auditory paired pulse paradigm in 19 healthy subjects, magnetoencephalography was employed. The control stimulus was a train of 25-ms pure tones of 65 dB SPL for 2500 ms. In order to evoke a test response, the sound pressure of two consecutive tones at 2200 ms in the control sound was increased to 80 dB (Test stimulus). Similar sound pressure changes were also inserted at 1000 (CS2) and 1600 (CS1) ms as conditioning stimuli. Four stimulus conditions were used; (1) Test alone, (2) Test + CS1, (3) Test + CS1 + CS2, and (4) Test + CS2, with the four sound stimuli randomly presented and cortical responses averaged at least 100 times for each condition. The baseline-to-peak and peak-to-peak amplitudes of the P50m, N100m, and P200m components of the test response were compared among the four conditions. In addition, the response to CS1 was compared between conditions (2) and (3). The results showed significant test response suppression by CS1. While the response to CS1 was significantly suppressed when CS2 was present, it did not affect suppression of the test response by CS1. It was thus suggested that the amplitude of the response to a conditioning stimulus is not a factor to determine the inhibitory effects of the test response, indicating that suppression is due to an external influence on the excitatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Takeuchi
- Neuropsychiatric Department, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, 480-1195, Japan. .,Department of Psychiatry, Okazaki City Hospital, Okazaki, 444-8553, Japan.
| | - Kohei Fujita
- Neuropsychiatric Department, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Tomoya Taniguchi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kinukawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sugiyama
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kousuke Kanemoto
- Neuropsychiatric Department, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishihara
- Neuropsychiatric Department, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, 480-1195, Japan.,Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Koji Inui
- Department of Functioning and Disability, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, 480-0392, Japan
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Kawano Y, Motomura E, Inui K, Okada M. Effects of Magnitude of Leading Stimulus on Prepulse Inhibition of Auditory Evoked Cerebral Responses: An Exploratory Study. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11101024. [PMID: 34685395 PMCID: PMC8540560 DOI: 10.3390/life11101024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An abrupt change in a sound feature (test stimulus) elicits a specific cerebral response, which is attenuated by a weaker sound feature change (prepulse) preceding the test stimulus. As an exploratory study, we investigated whether and how the magnitude of the change of the prepulse affects the degree of prepulse inhibition (PPI). Sound stimuli were 650 ms trains of clicks at 100 Hz. The test stimulus was an abrupt sound pressure increase (by 10 dB) in the click train. Three consecutive clicks, weaker (−5 dB, −10 dB, −30 dB, or gap) than the baseline, at 30, 40, and 50 ms before the test stimulus, were used as prepulses. Magnetic responses to the ten types of stimuli (test stimulus alone, control, four types of tests with prepulses, and four types of prepulses alone) were recorded in 10 healthy subjects. The change-related N1m component, peaking at approximately 130 ms, and its PPI were investigated. The degree of PPI caused by the −5 dB prepulse was significantly weaker than that caused by other prepulses. The degree of PPI caused by further decreases in prepulse magnitude showed a plateau level between the −10 dB and gap prepulses. The results suggest that there is a physiologically significant range of sensory changes for PPI, which plays a role in the change detection for survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kawano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan; (Y.K.); (M.O.)
| | - Eishi Motomura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan; (Y.K.); (M.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-59-231-5018
| | - Koji Inui
- Department of Functioning and Disability, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai 480-0392, Japan;
| | - Motohiro Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan; (Y.K.); (M.O.)
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Otsuru N, Ogawa M, Yokota H, Miyaguchi S, Kojima S, Saito K, Inukai Y, Onishi H. Auditory change-related cortical response is associated with hypervigilance to pain in healthy volunteers. Eur J Pain 2021; 26:349-355. [PMID: 34528347 PMCID: PMC9292983 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Patients with chronic pain exhibit hypervigilance (heightened responsiveness to stimuli) to innocuous auditory stimuli as well as noxious stimuli. “Generalized hypervigilance” suggests that individuals who show heightened responsiveness to one sensory system also show hypervigilance to other modalities. However, research exploring the existence of generalized hypervigilance in healthy subjects is limited. Methods We investigated whether hypervigilance to pain is associated with auditory stimuli in healthy subjects using the pain vigilance and awareness questionnaire (PVAQ) and auditory change‐related cortical responses (ACRs). ACRs are thought to reflect a change detection system, based on preceding sensory memory. We recorded ACRs under conditions that varied in terms of the accumulation of sensory memory as follows: short‐ACR, with short preceding continuous stimuli and long‐ACR, with long preceding continuous stimuli. In addition, the attention to pain (PVAQ‐AP) and attention to changes in pain (PVAQ‐ACP) subscales were evaluated. Results Amplitudes of long‐ACR showed significant positive correlations with PVAQ‐ACP, whereas those of short‐ACR did not show any significant correlations. Conclusions Generalized hypervigilance may be observed even in healthy subjects. ACR may be a useful index to evaluate the hypervigilance state in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naofumi Otsuru
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Mayu Ogawa
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirotake Yokota
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shota Miyaguchi
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Sho Kojima
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kei Saito
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yasuto Inukai
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hideaki Onishi
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
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Tripathi A, Sato SS, Medini P. Cortico-cortical connectivity behind acoustic information transfer to mouse orbitofrontal cortex is sensitive to neuromodulation and displays local sensory gating: relevance in disorders with auditory hallucinations? J Psychiatry Neurosci 2021; 46:E371-E387. [PMID: 34043305 PMCID: PMC8327972 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.200131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Auditory hallucinations (which occur when the distinction between thoughts and perceptions is blurred) are common in psychotic disorders. The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) may be implicated, because it receives multiple inputs, including sound and affective value via the amygdala, orchestrating complex emotional responses. We aimed to elucidate the circuit and neuromodulatory mechanisms that underlie the processing of emotionally salient auditory stimuli in the OFC — mechanisms that may be involved in auditory hallucinations. METHODS We identified the cortico-cortical connectivity conveying auditory information to the mouse OFC; its sensitivity to neuromodulators involved in psychosis and postpartum depression, such as dopamine and neurosteroids; and its sensitivity to sensory gating (defective in dysexecutive syndromes). RESULTS Retrograde tracers in OFC revealed input cells in all auditory cortices. Acoustic responses were abolished by pharmacological and chemogenetic inactivation of the above-identified pathway. Acoustic responses in the OFC were reduced by local dopaminergic agonists and neurosteroids. Noticeably, apomorphine action lasted longer in the OFC than in auditory areas, and its effect was modality-specific (augmentation for visual responses), whereas neurosteroid action was sex-specific. Finally, acoustic responses in the OFC reverberated to the auditory association cortex via feedback connections and displayed sensory gating, a phenomenon of local origin, given that it was not detectable in input auditory cortices. LIMITATIONS Although our findings were for mice, connectivity and sensitivity to neuromodulation are conserved across mammals. CONCLUSION The corticocortical loop from the auditory association cortex to the OFC is dramatically sensitive to dopamine and neurosteroids. This suggests a clinically testable circuit behind auditory hallucinations. The function of OFC input–output circuits can be studied in mice with targeted and clinically relevant mutations related to their response to emotionally salient sounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushree Tripathi
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden (Tripathi, Sato, Medini)
| | - Sebastian Sulis Sato
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden (Tripathi, Sato, Medini)
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Watanabe T, Motomura E, Kawano Y, Fujii S, Hakumoto Y, Morimoto M, Nakatani K, Okada M, Inui K. Electrical field distribution of Change-N1 and its prepulse inhibition. Neurosci Lett 2021; 751:135804. [PMID: 33705935 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
An abrupt change in a sound feature (Test) in a continuous sound elicits an auditory evoked potential, peaking at approx. 100-180 ms (Change-N1) after the change onset. Change-N1 is attenuated by a preceding weak change stimulus (Prepulse), in the phenomenon known as prepulse inhibition (PPI). In this electroencephalographic study, we compared these two indexes among scalp electrodes. Change-N1 was elicited by an abrupt 10-dB increase in sound pressure in repeats of a 70-dB click sound at 100 Hz and was recorded using 22 electrodes in 31 healthy subjects. The prepulse was a 10-dB decrease in three consecutive clicks at 30, 40, and 50 ms before the Test onset. Four stimuli (Test alone, Test with Prepulse, Prepulse alone, and background alone) were presented randomly through headphones at an even probability. The results demonstrated that: (1) Electrodes at the frontal/central midline were reconfirmed to be suitable to record Change-N1; (2) Change-N1 showed right-hemisphere predominance; (3) There was no difference in the %PPI among regions (prefrontal/frontal/central) and hemispheres (midline/left/right); and (4) the Change-N1 amplitude and its PPI at prefrontal electrodes were positively correlated with those at the frontal electrodes. These results support the use of Change-N1 and its PPI as a tool to evaluate the change detection sensitivity and inhibitory function in individuals. The use of prefrontal electrodes can be an option for a screening test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayasu Watanabe
- Department of Central Laboratories, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Eishi Motomura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Kawano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Shinobu Fujii
- Department of Central Laboratories, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yuhei Hakumoto
- Department of Central Laboratories, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Makoto Morimoto
- Department of Central Laboratories, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kaname Nakatani
- Department of Central Laboratories, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Motohiro Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Koji Inui
- Department of Functioning and Disability, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, 480-0392, Japan
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Takeuchi N, Fujita K, Kinukawa T, Sugiyama S, Kanemoto K, Nishihara M, Inui K. Test-retest reliability of paired pulse suppression paradigm using auditory change-related response. J Neurosci Methods 2021; 352:109087. [PMID: 33508410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensory suppression is an important brain function for appropriate processing of information and is known to be impaired in patients with various types of mental illness. Long latency suppression which is a paradigm using change-related cortical response with repeated paired pulses embedded in a train of conditioning pulses is a factor used to measure sensory suppression. NEW METHOD The present study assessed the test-retest reliability of long-latency suppression in latency, amplitude, and suppression rate of the P50, N100, and P200 components of auditory evoked potentials in 35 healthy adults. The sound stimulus was repeats of a 25-ms pure tone at 65 dB and 2000 ms in total duration, during which the sound pressure level was increased to 80 dB twice at 1100 ms and 1700 ms. Measurements were performed twice and the validity of the findings was evaluated using intra-class correlations. RESULTS The results showed high intra-class correlation (ICC) values (>0.7) for the amplitude of all components, except for P50 (0.44), while latency also showed high ICC values (>0.66), except for P50 (0.20). In addition, the suppression rate showed good reproducibility for the N100-P200 component (0.60). COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD The method can be performed with a short inspection time of approximately 5 min and provides high ICC values. In addition, it may reflect suppression mechanisms different from those relating to existing methods. CONCLUSION These results support the use of long latency suppression as a biomarker in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Takeuchi
- Neuropsychiatric Department, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, 480-1195, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Okazaki City Hospital, Okazaki, 444-8553, Japan.
| | - Kohei Fujita
- Neuropsychiatric Department, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kinukawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sugiyama
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kousuke Kanemoto
- Neuropsychiatric Department, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishihara
- Neuropsychiatric Department, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, 480-1195, Japan; Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Koji Inui
- Department of Functioning and Disability, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, 480-0392, Japan
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15
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Takeuchi N, Kinukawa T, Sugiyama S, Inui K, Nishihara M. Test-retest reliability of prepulse inhibition paradigm using auditory evoked potentials. Neurosci Res 2020; 170:187-194. [PMID: 32987086 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is a neurological phenomenon in which a weak initial stimulus reduces the level of responses to a subsequent stronger stimulus. Although acoustic startle reflexes are usually used for PPI examinations, recent studies have observed similar phenomena with event-related cortical potentials. In the present study, test-retest reliability of PPI measured using auditory change-related cortical responses was assessed in 35 healthy adults. Four sound stimuli were randomly presented at an even probability; Standard, Test alone, Prepulse alone, and Test + Prepulse. The Standard stimulus was a train of 25-ms tone pulses at 70 dB for 650 ms, while for Test alone and Prepulse alone, the sound pressure was increased to 80 dB at 350 ms and 73 dB at 300 ms, respectively. Measurements were performed twice with at least 7 days separation, and validity was evaluated using intra-class correlation (ICC) for latency, amplitude, and suppression rate of the P50, N100, and P200 components. The results showed high ICC values for the latency and amplitude of nearly all components, except for response to Prepulse alone (0.3-0.6). Furthermore, ICC for suppression rate was greater than 0.5 for the peak-to-peak amplitude. Good reproducibility for N100 and P200 components was obtained with this method. The present results support the PPI paradigm as a reliable tool for clinical measurements of inhibitory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Takeuchi
- Neuropsychiatric Department, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Okazaki City Hospital, Okazaki 444-8553, Japan.
| | - Tomoaki Kinukawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sugiyama
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Koji Inui
- Department of Functioning and Disability, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai 480-0392, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishihara
- Neuropsychiatric Department, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan; Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
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Fujii S, Motomura E, Inui K, Watanabe T, Hakumoto Y, Higuchi K, Kawano Y, Morimoto M, Nakatani K, Okada M. Weaker prepulse exerts stronger suppression of a change-detecting neural circuit. Neurosci Res 2020; 170:195-200. [PMID: 32702384 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Change-N1 peaking 90-180 ms after changes in a sound feature of a continuous sound is clearly attenuated by a preceding change stimulus (called a "prepulse"). Here, we investigated the effects of a preceding decrease in sound pressure on the degree of inhibition of the subsequent Change-N1 amplitude. Using 100-Hz click train sounds, we obtained Change-N1s from 11 healthy volunteers. The two types of test stimuli were an abrupt 10-dB increase from the baseline (70 dB) and the insertion of a 0.45-ms inter-aural time difference in the middle of the sound. Three consecutive clicks at 30, 40, and 50 ms before the change onset that was used as a prepulse were weaker than the background by 5 or 10 dB. The Change-N1 elicited by the two test stimuli was attenuated more strongly by the weaker prepulse, which was not congruent with the theory that the inhibition of the subsequent sensory/sensory-motor processing depends on the sound pressure level of a prepulse. These results suggest that a change in any type of sound feature elicits a change-related response that is inhibited by any type of preceding change stimulus, which reflects auto-inhibition of the change-responding circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinobu Fujii
- Department of Central Laboratories, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Eishi Motomura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Koji Inui
- Department of Functioning and Disability, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Aichi 480-0392, Japan
| | - Takayasu Watanabe
- Department of Central Laboratories, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yuhei Hakumoto
- Department of Central Laboratories, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Keiichi Higuchi
- Department of Central Laboratories, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kawano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Makoto Morimoto
- Department of Central Laboratories, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kaname Nakatani
- Department of Central Laboratories, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Motohiro Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
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Takeuchi N, Kinukawa T, Sugiyama S, Inui K, Kanemoto K, Nishihara M. Suppression of Somatosensory Evoked Cortical Responses by Noxious Stimuli. Brain Topogr 2019; 32:783-793. [PMID: 31218521 PMCID: PMC6707979 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-019-00721-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Paired-pulse suppression refers to attenuation of neural activity in response to a second stimulus and has a pivotal role in inhibition of redundant sensory inputs. Previous studies have suggested that cortical responses to a somatosensory stimulus are modulated not only by a preceding same stimulus, but also by stimulus from a different submodality. Using magnetoencephalography, we examined somatosensory suppression induced by three different conditioning stimuli. The test stimulus was a train of electrical pulses to the dorsum of the left hand at 100 Hz lasting 1500 ms. For the pulse train, the intensity of the stimulus was abruptly increased at 1200 ms. Cortical responses to the abrupt intensity change were recorded and used as the test response. Conditioning stimuli were presented at 600 ms as pure tones, either innocuous or noxious electrical stimulation to the right foot. Four stimulus conditions were used: (1) Test alone, (2) Test + auditory stimulus, (3) Test + somatosensory stimulus, and (4) Test + nociceptive stimulus. Our results showed that the amplitude of the test response was significantly smaller for conditions (3) and (4) in the secondary somatosensory cortex contralateral (cSII) and ipsilateral (iSII) to the stimulated side as compared to the response to condition (1), whereas the amplitude of the response in the primary somatosensory cortex did not differ among the conditions. The auditory stimulus did not have effects on somatosensory change-related response. These findings show that somatosensory suppression was induced by not only a conditioning stimulus of the same somatosensory submodality and the same cutaneous site to the test stimulus, but also by that of a different submodality in a remote area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Takeuchi
- Neuropsychiatric Department, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, 480-1195, Japan.
| | - Tomoaki Kinukawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sugiyama
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Koji Inui
- Aichi Human Service Center, Institute of Human Developmental Research, Kasugai, 480-0392, Japan.,Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazak, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kousuke Kanemoto
- Neuropsychiatric Department, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishihara
- Neuropsychiatric Department, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, 480-1195, Japan.,Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, 480-1195, Japan
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18
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Shetty HN, Puttabasappa M. Representation of amplified speech at cortical level in good and poor hearing aid performers. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 86:558-567. [PMID: 31122881 PMCID: PMC9422500 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hearing aid users reject their own hearing aid because of annoyance with background noise. The reason for dissatisfaction is located anywhere from the hearing aid microphone to the integrity of neurons along the auditory pathway. In this preview, the output of hearing aid was recorded at the level of ear canal and at auditory cortex in good and poor hearing aid users, who were classified using acceptable noise level. Objective To study the representation of amplified speech in good and poor hearing aid performers. Methods A total of 60 participants (age ranged 15–65 years) with moderate bilateral sensorineural hearing impairment grouped into good (n = 35) and poor (n = 25) hearing aid performers. Gap detection test and aided SNR 50 were administered. In addition, ear canal acoustic measures and cortical auditory evoked potentials were recorded in unaided and aided conditions at 65 dB SPL. Results Hearing aid minimally alters temporal contrast of speech reflected in envelope difference index. Although having similar temporal impairment, acoustic characteristics of amplified speech sounds and SNR 50 scores from both groups, the aided cortical auditory evoked potentials surprisingly showed significant earlier latencies and higher amplitudes in good performers than poor performers. In addition, good and poor performers classified based on annoyance level was predicted by latencies of 2N1 and 2P2 components of acoustic change complex. Further, a follow-up revealed hearing aid use has relation with acceptance towards noise. Conclusion Participants who are willing to accept noise from those who are not willing to accept noise have subtle physiological changes evident at the auditory cortex, which supports the hearing aid usage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manjula Puttabasappa
- All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Department of Audiology, Karnataka, India
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19
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Takeuchi N, Sugiyama S, Inui K, Kanemoto K, Nishihara M. Long-latency suppression of auditory and somatosensory change-related cortical responses. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199614. [PMID: 29944700 PMCID: PMC6019261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory suppression is a mechanism that attenuates selective information. As for long-latency suppression in auditory and somatosensory systems, paired-pulse suppression, observed as 2 identical stimuli spaced by approximately 500 ms, is widely known, though its mechanism remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between auditory and somatosensory long-latency suppression of change-related cortical responses using magnetoencephalography. Somatosensory change-related responses were evoked by an abrupt increase in stimulus strength in a train of current-constant square wave pulses at 100 Hz to the left median nerve at the wrist. Furthermore, auditory change-related responses were elicited by an increase in sound pressure by 15 dB in a continuous sound composed of a train of 25-ms pure tones. Binaural stimulation was used in Experiment 1, while monaural stimulation was used in Experiment 2. For both somatosensory and auditory stimuli, the conditioning and test stimuli were identical, and inserted at 2400 and 3000 ms, respectively. The results showed clear suppression of the test response in the bilateral parisylvian region, but not in the postcentral gyrus of the contralateral hemisphere in the somatosensory system. Similarly, the test response in the bilateral supratemporal plane (N100m) was suppressed in the auditory system. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between suppression of right N100m and right parisylvian activity, suggesting that similar mechanisms are involved in both. Finally, a high test-retest reliability for suppression was seen with both modalities. Suppression revealed in the present study is considered to reflect sensory inhibition ability in individual subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Takeuchi
- Neuropsychiatric Department, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Shunsuke Sugiyama
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Koji Inui
- Institute of Human Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Japan
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Kousuke Kanemoto
- Neuropsychiatric Department, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishihara
- Neuropsychiatric Department, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
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Motomura E, Inui K, Nishihara M, Tanahashi M, Kakigi R, Okada M. Prepulse Inhibition of the Auditory Off-Response: A Magnetoencephalographic Study. Clin EEG Neurosci 2018; 49:152-158. [PMID: 28490194 DOI: 10.1177/1550059417708914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A weak preceding sound stimulus attenuates the startle response evoked by an intense sound stimulus. Like startle reflexes, change-related auditory responses are suppressed by a weak leading stimulus (ie, a prepulse). We aim to examine whether a prepulse inhibits cerebral responses to the sound offset and how the prepulse magnitude affects the degree of the prepulse inhibition (PPI). Using magnetoencephalography, we recorded the Off-P50m elicited by an offset of a train sound of 100-Hz clicks in 12 healthy subjects. A single click slightly louder (+1.5, +3, or +5 dB) than the background sound of 80 dB was inserted 50 ms before the sound offset as a prepulse. We performed a dipole source analysis of the Off-P50m, and we measured its latency and amplitude using the source strength waveforms. The origin of the Off-P50m was estimated to be the auditory cortex on both hemispheres. The Off-P50m was clearly attenuated by the prepulses, and the degree of PPI was greater with a louder prepulse. The Off-P50m is considered to be a simple change-related response, which does not overlap with a processing of incoming sounds. Thus, the Off-P50m and its PPI comprise a valuable tool for investigating the neural inhibitory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eishi Motomura
- 1 Department of Neuropsychiatry, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Koji Inui
- 2 Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Japan.,3 Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishihara
- 4 Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Megumi Tanahashi
- 1 Department of Neuropsychiatry, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Kakigi
- 3 Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Motohiro Okada
- 1 Department of Neuropsychiatry, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
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21
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Inui K, Takeuchi N, Sugiyama S, Motomura E, Nishihara M. GABAergic mechanisms involved in the prepulse inhibition of auditory evoked cortical responses in humans. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190481. [PMID: 29298327 PMCID: PMC5752037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their essential roles in signal processing in the brain, the functions of interneurons currently remain unclear in humans. We recently developed a method using the prepulse inhibition of sensory evoked cortical responses for functional measurements of interneurons. When a sensory feature is abruptly changed in a continuous sensory stimulus, change-related cortical responses are recorded using MEG. By inserting a weak change stimulus (prepulse) before the test change stimulus, it is possible to observe the inhibition of the test response. By manipulating the prepulse–test interval (PTI), several peaks appear in inhibition, suggesting the existence of temporally distinct mechanisms. We herein attempted to separate these components through the oral administration of diazepam and baclofen. The test stimulus and prepulse were an abrupt increase in sound pressure in a continuous click train of 10 and 5 dB, respectively. The results obtained showed that the inhibition at PTIs of 10 and 20 ms was significantly greater with diazepam than with the placebo administration, suggesting increased GABAA-mediated inhibition. Baclofen decreased inhibition at PTIs of 40 and 50 ms, which may have been due to the activation of GABAB autoreceptors. Therefore, the present study separated at least two inhibitory mechanisms pharmacologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Inui
- Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Japan
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Shunsuke Sugiyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Eishi Motomura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishihara
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
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Takeuchi N, Sugiyama S, Inui K, Kanemoto K, Nishihara M. New paradigm for auditory paired pulse suppression. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177747. [PMID: 28542290 PMCID: PMC5436751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory gating is a mechanism of sensory processing used to prevent an overflow of irrelevant information, with some indexes, such as prepulse inhibition (PPI) and P50 suppression, often utilized for its evaluation. In addition, those are clinically important for diseases such as schizophrenia. In the present study, we investigated long-latency paired-pulse suppression of change-related cortical responses using magnetoencephalography. The test change-related response was evoked by an abrupt increase in sound pressure by 15 dB in a continuous sound composed of a train of 25-ms pure tones at 65 dB. By inserting a leading change stimulus (prepulse), we observed suppression of the test response. In Experiment 1, we examined the effects of conditioning-test intervals (CTI) using a 25-ms pure tone at 80 dB as both the test and prepulse. Our results showed clear suppression of the test response peaking at a CTI of 600 ms, while maximum inhibition was approximately 30%. In Experiment 2, the effects of sound pressure on prepulse were examined by inserting prepulses 600 ms prior to the test stimulus. We found that a paired-pulse suppression greater than 25% was obtained by prepulses larger than 77 dB, i.e., 12 dB louder than the background, suggesting that long latency suppression requires a relatively strong prepulse to obtain adequate suppression, different than short-latency paired-pulse suppression reported in previous studies. In Experiment 3, we confirmed similar levels of suppression using electroencephalography. These results suggested that two identical change stimuli spaced by 600 ms were appropriate for observing the long-latency inhibition. The present method requires only a short inspection time and is non-invasive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Takeuchi
- Neuropsychiatric Department, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sugiyama
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Koji Inui
- Institute of Human Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Japan
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Kousuke Kanemoto
- Neuropsychiatric Department, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishihara
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
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