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Nouri Z, Barfar A, Perseh S, Motasadizadeh H, Maghsoudian S, Fatahi Y, Nouri K, Yektakasmaei MP, Dinarvand R, Atyabi F. Exosomes as therapeutic and drug delivery vehicle for neurodegenerative diseases. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:463. [PMID: 39095888 PMCID: PMC11297769 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02681-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are complex, progressive, and life-threatening. They cause mortality and disability for millions of people worldwide. Appropriate treatment for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) is still clinically lacking due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Developing an effective transport system that can cross the BBB and enhance the therapeutic effect of neuroprotective agents has been a major challenge for NDs. Exosomes are endogenous nano-sized vesicles that naturally carry biomolecular cargoes. Many studies have indicated that exosome content, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), possess biological activities by targeting several signaling pathways involved in apoptosis, inflammation, autophagy, and oxidative stress. Exosome content can influence cellular function in healthy or pathological ways. Furthermore, since exosomes reflect the features of the parental cells, their cargoes offer opportunities for early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention of diseases. Exosomes have unique characteristics that make them ideal for delivering drugs directly to the brain. These characteristics include the ability to pass through the BBB, biocompatibility, stability, and innate targeting properties. This review emphasizes the role of exosomes in alleviating NDs and discusses the associated signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, the unique biological features of exosomes, making them a promising natural transporter for delivering various medications to the brain to combat several NDs, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Nouri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashkan Barfar
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sahra Perseh
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Motasadizadeh
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samane Maghsoudian
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keyvan Nouri
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Elmi M, Dass JH, Dass CR. The Various Roles of PEDF in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:510. [PMID: 38339261 PMCID: PMC10854708 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a natural immunomodulator, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, anti-tumour growth and anti-metastasis factor, which can enhance tumour response to PEDF but can also conversely have pro-cancerous effects. Inflammation is a major cause of cancer, and it has been proven that PEDF has anti-inflammatory properties. PEDF's functional activity can be investigated through measuring metastatic and metabolic biomarkers that will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Elmi
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; (M.E.); (J.H.D.)
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Joshua H. Dass
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; (M.E.); (J.H.D.)
- Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Crispin R. Dass
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; (M.E.); (J.H.D.)
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
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Jones IC, Dass CR. Roles of pigment epithelium-derived factor in cardiomyocytes: implications for use as a cardioprotective therapeutic. J Pharm Pharmacol 2023:7146108. [PMID: 37104852 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgad037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, with patients having limited options for treatment. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is an endogenous multifunctional protein with several mechanisms of action. Recently, PEDF has emerged as a potential cardioprotective agent in response to myocardial infarction. However, PEDF is also associated with pro-apoptotic effects, complicating its role in cardioprotection. This review summarises and compares knowledge of PEDF's activity in cardiomyocytes with other cell types and draws links between them. Following this, the review offers a novel perspective of PEDF's therapeutic potential and recommends future directions to understand the clinical potential of PEDF better. KEY FINDINGS PEDF's mechanisms as a pro-apoptotic and pro-survival protein are not well understood, despite PEDF's implication in several physiological and pathological activities. However, recent evidence suggests that PEDF may have significant cardioprotective properties mediated by key regulators dependent on cell type and context. CONCLUSIONS While PEDF's cardioprotective activity shares some key regulators with its apoptotic activity, cellular context and molecular features likely allow manipulation of PEDF's cellular activity, highlighting the importance of further investigation into its activities and its potential to be applied as a therapeutic to mitigate damage from a range of cardiac pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isobel C Jones
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Crispin R Dass
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
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Stem Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Promising Nano Delivery Platform to the Brain? Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:285-308. [PMID: 36173500 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A very important cause of the frustration with drug therapy for central nervous system (CNS) diseases is the failure of drug delivery. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents most therapeutic molecules from entering the brain while maintaining CNS homeostasis. Scientists are keen to develop new brain drug delivery systems to solve this dilemma. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as a class of naturally derived nanoscale vesicles, have been extensively studied in drug delivery due to their superior properties. This review will briefly present current brain drug delivery strategies, including invasive and non-invasive techniques that target the brain, and the application of nanocarriers developed for brain drug delivery in recent years, especially EVs. The cellular origin of EVs affects the surface protein, size, yield, luminal composition, and other properties of EVs, which are also crucial in determining whether EVs are useful as drug carriers. Stem cell-derived EVs, which inherit the properties of parental cells and avoid the drawbacks of cell therapy, have always been favored by researchers. Thus, in this review, we will focus on the application of stem cell-derived EVs for drug delivery in the CNS. Various nucleic acids, proteins, and small-molecule drugs are loaded into EVs with or without modification and undergo targeted delivery to the brain to achieve their therapeutic effects. In addition, the challenges facing the clinical application of EVs as drug carriers will also be discussed. The directions of future efforts may be to improve drug loading efficiency and precise targeting.
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Investigation of the Potential Key Genes and the Multitarget Mechanisms of Polygonum cuspidatum against Heart Failure Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:7784021. [PMID: 35669500 PMCID: PMC9167087 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7784021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, systematic pharmacology and bioinformatic approaches were employed to identify the potential targets of Polygonum cuspidatum (PC) for treating heart failure (HF). The active ingredients of PC were screened by using the TCMSP database, and HF-related genes were identified in the GEO database. Then, the herb-HF targeted-gene networks were constructed using Cytoscape software. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional analyses were performed to obtain the enriched molecular pathways associated with the pathogenesis of HF. Finally, in vitro experiment was performed to evidence network pharmacology analysis. 170 intersection genes were obtained, and key genes (FOXO3, NFKB1, and TNF) were identified. Besides, GO and KEGG findings indicated that PC treatment of HF was achieved via regulating apoptosis, IL-17 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, response to oxidative stress, and response to reactive oxygen species. And cell experiment revealed that PC could decrease the expression of NFKB1 and TNF and increase the expression of FOXO3, SOD1, and GPX1 in H9C2 cells. These findings showed that the therapeutic mechanism of PC in the treatment of HF may be associated with the regulation of inflammation-related and oxidative stress-related genes.
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Wu TY, Leng Q, Tian LQ. The microRNA-210/Casp8ap2 Axis Alleviates Hypoxia-Induced Myocardial Injury by Regulating Apoptosis and Autophagy. Cytogenet Genome Res 2021; 161:132-142. [PMID: 33882492 DOI: 10.1159/000512254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a serious condition comprising atherosclerosis-mediated ischaemic and hypoxic myocardial injury. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of the miR-210/Casp8ap2 signalling pathway in hypoxic myocardial cells. mRNA and protein expression levels were determined by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively. MTT was used to evaluate cell survival, and flow cytometry was used to assess apoptosis and the cell cycle distribution. The interaction between miR-210 and -Casp8ap2 was detected by dual-luciferase reporter assay. As a result, overexpression of miR-210 significantly inhibited apoptosis and reduced the proportion of cells in G1 phase. Moreover, miR-210 suppressed autophagy by upregulating p62 levels and reducing the LC3-II/I ratio in hypoxic cardiomyocytes. miR-210 regulated apoptosis and autophagy by directly targeting Casp8ap2. Furthermore, the expression levels of Casp8ap2, Cleaved caspase 8, Cleaved caspase 3and Beclin-1 were all decreased in response to miR-210. In short, our results suggest that miR-210 exerts anti-apoptotic and anti-autophagic effects in hypoxic cardiomyocytes, which alleviates myocardial injury in response to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Leng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Qun Tian
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
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MicroRNA-520d-3p alleviates hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced damage in human cardiomyocytes by targeting ATG-12. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2021; 52:429-439. [PMID: 33389611 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-020-02352-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) induced injury results in extensive damages to myocardial tissue in patients with coronary heart disease, which leads to heart failure. MicroRNA (miRNA) is thought to be associated with myocardial H/R injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro role of microRNA-520d-3p in human myocardial cell (HCM) myocardial H/R injury. MTT method and Annexin V-FITC flow cytometry were employed to measure the viability and apoptosis of H/R treated HCM. RT-qPCR was employed to determine miRNA and mRNA expression. MicroRNA-520d-3p mimic and microRNA-520d-3p inhibitor were used to overexpression and inhibit the expression of microRNA-520d-3p. In addition, pcDNA3.1-ATG12 was used to upregulate ATG12 expression. The protein levels of ATG12, Bcl-2 and autophagy related-genes were determined by western blotting. Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury could inhibit cell viability, apoptosis and inhibited microRNA-520d-3p expression in HCM. The down-regulation of microRNA-520d-3p inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis in HCM. The overexpression of microRNA-520d-3p attenuated the effects of H/R treatment on the viability and apoptosis of HCM cells. In addition, microRNA-520d-3p inhibited the expression of autophagy-associated 12 (ATG12). More importantly, H/R treatment could promote autophagy in HCM, and microRNA-520d-3p mimic transfection could significantly reverse this effect. Our result indicated that overexpression of microRNA-520d-3p attenuated the effect of H/R treatments on cell viability, apoptosis and autophagy, through partly regulating ATG12 expression in HCM.
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Hsieh C, Li C, Hsu C, Chen H, Chen Y, Liu Y, Liu Y, Kuo H, Liu P. Mitochondrial protection by simvastatin against angiotensin II-mediated heart failure. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:3791-3804. [PMID: 31265743 PMCID: PMC6780047 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a role in the progression of cardiovascular diseases including heart failure. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins), which inhibit ROS synthesis, show cardioprotective effects in chronic heart failure. However, the beneficial role of statins in mitochondrial protection in heart failure remains unclear. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Rats were treated with angiotensin II (1.5 mg·kg-1 ·day-1 ) or co-administered simvastatin (oral, 10 mg·kg-1 ) for 14 days; and then administration was stopped for the following 14 days. Cardiac structure/function was examined by wheat germ agglutinin staining and echocardiography. Mitochondrial morphology and the numbers of lipid droplets, lysosomes, autophagosomes, and mitophagosomes were determined by transmission electron microscopy. Human cardiomyocytes were stimulated, and intracellular ROS and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm ) changes were measured by flow cytometry and JC-1 staining, respectively. Autophagy and mitophagy-related and mitochondria-regulated apoptotic proteins were identified by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. KEY RESULTS Simvastatin significantly reduced ROS production and attenuated the disruption of ΔΨm . Simvastatin induced the accumulation of lipid droplets to provide energy for maintaining mitochondrial function, promoted autophagy and mitophagy, and inhibited mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. These findings suggest that mitochondrial protection mediated by simvastatin plays a therapeutic role in heart failure prevention by modulating antioxidant status and promoting energy supplies for autophagy and mitophagy to inhibit mitochondrial damage and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Mitochondria play a key role in mediating heart failure progression. Simvastatin attenuated heart failure, induced by angiotensin II, via mitochondrial protection and might provide a new therapy to prevent heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong‐Chao Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of MedicineKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of SurgeryKaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Chia‐Yang Li
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of MedicineKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer ResearchKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Chih‐Hsin Hsu
- Department of Internal MedicineCheng Kung University HospitalTainanTaiwan
| | - Hsiu‐Lin Chen
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of MedicineKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Yung‐Hsiang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese MedicineChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health ScienceAsia UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Peng Liu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of MedicineKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Ru Liu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of MedicineKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Hsuan‐Fu Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of MedicineKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta‐Tung HospitalKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Po‐Len Liu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of MedicineKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research CenterKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
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Kuo HF, Hsieh CC, Wang SC, Chang CY, Hung CH, Kuo PL, Liu YR, Li CY, Liu PL. Simvastatin Attenuates Cardiac Fibrosis via Regulation of Cardiomyocyte-Derived Exosome Secretion. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8060794. [PMID: 31167519 PMCID: PMC6617127 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8060794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosome-mediated communication within the cardiac microenvironment is associated with cardiac fibrosis. Simvastatin (SIM), a potent statin, protects against cardiac fibrosis, but its mechanism of action is unclear. We investigated the inhibitory effects and underlying mechanism of simvastatin in cardiac fibrosis, by regulating exosome-mediated communication. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with angiotensin (Ang) II alone, or with SIM for 28 d. Cardiac fibrosis, expressions of fibrosis-associated proteins and mRNAs, and collagen fiber arrangement and deposition were examined. Protein expressions in exosomes isolated from Ang II-treated cardiomyocytes (CMs) were evaluated using nano-ultra-performance liquid chromatographic system, combined with tandem mass spectrometry. Transformation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts was evaluated using scanning electron and confocal microscopy, and migration assays. Our results showed that SIM attenuated in vivo expression of collagen and collagen-associated protein, as well as collagen deposition, and cardiac fibrosis. The statin also upregulated decorin and downregulated periostin in CM-derived exosomes. Furthermore, it suppressed Ang II-induced transformation of fibroblast to myofibroblast, as well as fibroblast migration. Exosome-mediated cell-cell communication within the cardiac tissue critically regulated cardiac fibrosis. Specifically, SIM regulated the release of CM exosomes, and attenuated Ang II-induced cardiac fibrosis, highlighting its potential as a novel therapy for cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Fu Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan.
| | - Chong-Chao Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Chi Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Yuan Chang
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Hsin Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Lin Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ru Liu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Yang Li
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Len Liu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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Huang WT, Chong IW, Chen HL, Li CY, Hsieh CC, Kuo HF, Chang CY, Chen YH, Liu YP, Lu CY, Liu YR, Liu PL. Pigment epithelium-derived factor inhibits lung cancer migration and invasion by upregulating exosomal thrombospondin 1. Cancer Lett 2018; 442:287-298. [PMID: 30439539 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are implicated in cancer cell development, migration and invasion. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a secreted anticancer protein that can regulate lung cancer progression; however, the role of PEDF in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including metastasis and cancer cell-derived exosome secretion, is unclear. In this study, we analyzed the effects of PEDF on exosome-mediated migration, invasion, and tumorigenicity of cultured NSCLC cells. The results showed that PEDF overexpression significantly reduced NSCLC invasion and migration, while inducing cell aggregation, whereas PEDF knockdown had the opposite effects. Exosomes from NSCLC cells treated with recombinant PEDF had a significantly reduced ability to promote cancer cell motility, migration, and invasion compared to exosomes from untreated cells. Exosomes from PEDF-treated cells contained thrombospondin 1 (THBS1), which inhibited cytoskeletal remodeling and exosome-induced lung cancer cell motility, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, PEDF-overexpressing NSCLC cells formed smaller xenograft tumors with higher THBS1 expression compared to control tumors. Our findings indicate that PEDF decreases the metastatic potential of NSCLC cells through regulation of THBS1 release in cancer cell-derived exosomes, thus uncovering a new mechanism of lung cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tsung Huang
- Division of Hemato-oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 736, Taiwan
| | - Inn-Wen Chong
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Lin Chen
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yang Li
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Chao Hsieh
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Fu Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yuan Chang
- Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Peng Liu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ru Liu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Po-Len Liu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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Huang X, Ding J, Li Y, Liu W, Ji J, Wang H, Wang X. Exosomes derived from PEDF modified adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulation of autophagy and apoptosis. Exp Cell Res 2018; 371:269-277. [PMID: 30142325 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggest that exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells have therapeutic effects in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a multifunctional protein that exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and neuroprotective properties. We investigated the involvement of PEDF in I/R, using adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) isolated from rat. PEDF-overexpressing ADSCs were constructed and exosomes from ADSCs were isolated. SY-5Y cells were employed to identify the protective effects of exosomes in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) experiments. Exosome treatment suppressed OGD-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the two-step caspase dependent (caspase-9 and caspase-3) apoptotic pathway. Increasing the PEDF content of exosomes further promoted the protective effect against OGD-induced apoptosis by activating autophagy, while blocking autophagy reduced the effect of PEDF-containing exosomes. We constructed a middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion (MCAO) model using male Sprague-Dawley rats to identify the role of PEDF in exosome-mediated neuroprotection. These in vivo experiments further confirmed that exosomes from PEDF-modified ADSCs ameliorated cerebral I/R injury by activating autophagy and suppressing neuronal apoptosis. These findings suggest that PEDF plays a role in exosome-mediated prevention of cerebral I/R injury by modulating apoptotic factors and promoting autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jing Ding
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yufei Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The NO. 455 Hospital of PLA, 338 West Huaihai Rd, Shanghai 200052, China.
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jianlin Ji
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Teaching Center of Experimental Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Rd, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, the Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University and Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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12
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Zhao Q, Liu Z, Huang B, Yuan Y, Liu X, Zhang H, Qiu F, Zhang Y, Li Y, Miao H, Dong H, Zhang Z. PEDF improves cardiac function in rats subjected to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting ROS generation via PEDF‑R. Int J Mol Med 2018. [PMID: 29532859 PMCID: PMC5881792 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevention and management of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury is an essential part of coronary heart disease surgery and is becoming a major clinical problem in the treatment of ischemic heart disease. Previous studies by our group have demonstrated that pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) improves cardiac function in rats with acute myocardial infarction and reduces hypoxia-induced cell injury. However, the protective function and mechanisms underlying the effect of PEDF in MI/R injury remain to be fully understood. In the present study, the positive effect of PEDF in MI/R injury was confirmed by construction of the adult Sprague-Dawley rat MI/R model. PEDF reduced myocardial infarct size and downregulated cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the I/R myocardium in this model. In addition, PEDF improved cardiac function and increased cardiac functional reserve in rats subjected to MI/R Injury. To further study the protective effect of PEDF and the underlying mechanisms in MI/R injury, a H9c2 cardiomyocyte hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model was constructed. PEDF was confirmed to decrease H/R-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells, and this anti-apoptotic function was abolished by pigment epithelium-derived factor-receptor (PEDF R) small interfering (si)RNA. Furthermore, administration of PEDF decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in H/R H9c2 cells. Compared with the H/R group, PEDF decreased mitochondrial ROS, increased the mitochondrial DNA copy number, reduced xanthine oxidase and NADPH oxidase activity, as well as RAC family small GTPase 1 protein expression. However, these effects of PEDF were markedly attenuated by PEDF-R siRNA. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to identify the protective effect of PEDF in MI/R injury, and confirm that the antioxidative effect PEDF occurred via inhibition of ROS generation via PEDF-R under MI/R conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixiang Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Research Facility Center for Morphology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Bing Huang
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, P.R. China
| | - Yanliang Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, P.R. China
| | - Xiucheng Liu
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, P.R. China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, P.R. China
| | - Fan Qiu
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, P.R. China
| | - Yiqian Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Li
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, P.R. China
| | - Haoran Miao
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Dong
- Research Facility Center for Morphology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Zhongming Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, P.R. China
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Bai M, Vozdek R, Hnízda A, Jiang C, Wang B, Kuchar L, Li T, Zhang Y, Wood C, Feng L, Dang Y, Ma DK. Conserved roles of C. elegans and human MANFs in sulfatide binding and cytoprotection. Nat Commun 2018; 9:897. [PMID: 29497057 PMCID: PMC5832864 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03355-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein that can be secreted and protects dopamine neurons and cardiomyocytes from ER stress and apoptosis. The mechanism of action of extracellular MANF has long been elusive. From a genetic screen for mutants with abnormal ER stress response, we identified the gene Y54G2A.23 as the evolutionarily conserved C. elegans MANF orthologue. We find that MANF binds to the lipid sulfatide, also known as 3-O-sulfogalactosylceramide present in serum and outer-cell membrane leaflets, directly in isolated forms and in reconstituted lipid micelles. Sulfatide binding promotes cellular MANF uptake and cytoprotection from hypoxia-induced cell death. Heightened ER stress responses of MANF-null C. elegans mutants and mammalian cells are alleviated by human MANF in a sulfatide-dependent manner. Our results demonstrate conserved roles of MANF in sulfatide binding and ER stress response, supporting sulfatide as a long-sought lipid mediator of MANF's cytoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Bai
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Roman Vozdek
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Aleš Hnízda
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Chenxiao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bingying Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Ladislav Kuchar
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, 12808, Czech Republic
| | - Tiejun Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yuefan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chase Wood
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Liang Feng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yongjun Dang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dengke K Ma
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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Hong Y, He H, Sui W, Zhang J, Zhang S, Yang D. Long non-coding RNA H1 promotes cell proliferation and invasion by acting as a ceRNA of miR‑138 and releasing EZH2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:901-912. [PMID: 29344674 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play pivotal roles in various types of human cancer, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the potential mechanisms of action of lncRNAs in OSCC remain to be fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to further explore the potential mechanisms of action of lncRNAs in OSCC. We first analyzed Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets to investigate aberrantly expressed lncRNAs which may be involved in the development of OSCC. Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR (RT‑qPCR) was performed to analyze the expression levels of lncRNA H19. In addition, the correlation between H19 expression and the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with OSCC was statistically analyzed. The effects of H19 expression on OSCC cells were examined by using overexpression and RNA interference approaches in vitro and in vivo. To examine the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanisms, bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay were performed. In addition, the correlation between H19 and microRNA (miR)‑138 was detected. H19 was found to be upregulated in OSCC tissues and its high expression level was associated with the TNM stage and nodal invasion, and also correlated with a shorter overall survival of patients with OSCC. The knockdown of H19 significantly inhibited OSCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and induced apoptosis in vitro; it also suppressed subcutaneous tumor growth in vivo. In addition, H19 was found to regulate the expression of oncogene enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) by competing with miR‑138; the inhibition of miR‑138 attenuated the inhibitory effects of H19 knockdown on OSCC cells. On the whole, our findings suggest that H19 functions as an oncogene by inhibiting miR‑138 and facilitating EZH2 expression in OSCC. Thus, lncRNA H1 may represent a potential therapeutic target for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglong Hong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518100, P.R. China
| | - Haitao He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Wen Sui
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518100, P.R. China
| | - Jingge Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518100, P.R. China
| | - Shenfu Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Dajiang Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518100, P.R. China
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15
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Luo F, Guo Y, Li X. Does PEDF improve atherosclerotic plaque stability by inhibiting VSMCs' apoptosis? Int J Cardiol 2017; 242:11. [PMID: 28619314 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
| | - Yuan Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
| | - Xiangping Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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16
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Liu PL, Liu WL, Chang JM, Chen YH, Liu YP, Kuo HF, Hsieh CC, Ding YS, Chen WW, Chong IW. MicroRNA-200c inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion, and migration of lung cancer by targeting HMGB1. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180844. [PMID: 28727734 PMCID: PMC5519074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) play critical roles in cancer development, proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and migration through regulating the expression of oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. Previous studies have indicated that miR-200c acts as a tumour suppressor in various cancers by downregulating high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and thereby suppressing EMT and metastasis. In addition, miR-200c was reported to be downregulated and correlated with poor outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, its functional role in HMGB1 regulation in NSCLC is still unclear. This study aimed to clarify whether miR-200c acts as a tumour suppressor in NSCLC by downregulating HMGB1, which is associated with EMT, invasion, cytoskeleton rearrangement, and migration in vitro and in vivo. In order to demonstrate HMGB1 downregulation by miR-200c, the NSCLC cell line A549 was transfected with miR-200c mimic or inhibitor. The mimic significantly reduced HMGB1 expression and suppressed EMT, invasion, and migration, while the inhibitor generated the opposite effects. Additionally, using xenograft mouse models, we confirmed that HMGB1 overexpression increased tumour EMT. In summary, our results demonstrated that miR-200c could suppress EMT, invasion, and migration of NSCLC cells by downregulating HMGB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Len Liu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ming Chang
- Preclinical Animal Pharmacology Testing Center, National Research Project for Biopharmaceuticals, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Drug Evaluation Platform, Development Center for Biotechnology, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Peng Liu
- Department of Genome Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Fu Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Chao Hsieh
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sian Ding
- Preclinical Animal Pharmacology Testing Center, National Research Project for Biopharmaceuticals, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Drug Evaluation Platform, Development Center for Biotechnology, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wei Chen
- Preclinical Animal Pharmacology Testing Center, National Research Project for Biopharmaceuticals, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Drug Evaluation Platform, Development Center for Biotechnology, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Inn-Wen Chong
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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17
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Liu WL, Chang JM, Chong IW, Hung YL, Chen YH, Huang WT, Kuo HF, Hsieh CC, Liu PL. Curcumin Inhibits LIN-28A through the Activation of miRNA-98 in the Lung Cancer Cell Line A549. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22060929. [PMID: 28587210 PMCID: PMC6152786 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is common in lung cancer and is associated with poor clinical outcomes and increased mortality. Curcumin is a natural anti-cancer agent that inhibits the metastasis of various cancers by modulating the expression of micro (mi) RNAs such as miR-98, which acts as a tumor suppressor. This study investigated the effect of curcumin on miR-98 expression and in vitro cell line growth and invasiveness in lung cancer. Curcumin treatment enhanced the expression of miR-98 and reduced that of the miR-98 target gene LIN28A as well as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and MMP9 in vitro and in vivo. MiR-98 overexpression suppressed lung cancer cell migration and invasion by inhibiting LIN28A-induced MMP2 and MMP9 expression. Meanwhile, LIN28A level was downregulated by overexpression of miR-98 mimic. Induction of miR-98 by curcumin treatment suppressed MMP2 and MMP9 by targeting LIN28A. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms by which curcumin suppresses lung cancer cell line growth in vitro and in vivo and invasiveness in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lun Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 73657, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 24205, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 71101, Taiwan.
| | - Jia-Ming Chang
- Department of pharmacology, Institute for Drug Evaluation Platform, Development Center for Biotechnology, New Taipei 22180, Taiwan.
| | - Inn-Wen Chong
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Li Hung
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 24205, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Hsiang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40407, Taiwan.
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Tsung Huang
- Division of Hemato-oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 73657, Taiwan.
| | - Hsuan-Fu Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan.
| | - Chong-Chao Hsieh
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Len Liu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan.
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18
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CLOCK Promotes Endothelial Damage by Inducing Autophagy through Reactive Oxygen Species. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:9591482. [PMID: 28058089 PMCID: PMC5183792 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9591482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A number of recent studies have implicated that autophagy was activated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our previous report indicated that CLOCK increased the accumulation of ROS under hypoxic conditions. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms by which CLOCK mediated endothelial damage, focusing on the involvement of oxidative damage and autophagy. Overexpression of CLOCK in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) showed inhibition of cell proliferation and higher autophagosome with an increased expression of Beclin1 and LC3-I/II under hypoxic conditions. In contrast, CLOCK silencing reversed these effects. Interestingly, pretreatment with 3-methyladenine (3-MA) resulted in the attenuation of CLOCK-induced cell autophagy and but did not influence the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, Tiron (4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzene disulfonic acid-disodium salt), a ROS scavenger, significantly attenuated CLOCK-induced cell autophagy. In addition, we found that overexpression of CLOCK had no significant effects on the production of ROS and expression of Beclin1 and LC3-I/II under normoxic conditions in HUVEC. In this present investigation, our results suggested a novel mechanism of action of CLOCK in HUVECs, opening up the possibility of targeting CLOCK for the treatment of vascular diseases.
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