Correction: Is Working Risky or Protective for Married Adolescent Girls in Urban Slums in Kenya? Understanding the Association between Working Status, Savings and Intimate-Partner Violence

VULNERABILITY ELEMENTS FOR PERMANENCE IN MARITAL VIOLENCE: SPEECHES OF WOMEN WHO CONSUME ALCOHOL/DRUGS

ABSTRACT Purpose to identify elements of vulnerabilities for the permanence of women who consume alcohol/drugs in marital violence. Method an exploratory, descriptive and qualitative study conducted with 16 women over the age of 18 years old, with a history of alcohol and/or other drug use and marital violence, registered in two Family Health Units in the urban area of a municipality of Bahia, Brazil. Women whose signs suggested alcohol use or abstinence and those emotionally unstable were excluded. Data collection took place from October 2016 to February 2017, through in-depth interviews. The data were systematized, based on the Collective Subject Discourse. Results economic dependence; the hope that the partner will change; the transgenerationality of marital violence and the non-resoluteness of the care network emerged as elements that make women who consume alcohol/drugs vulnerable to remain in marital relationships permeated by violence. Conclusion by pointing to elements that make women who consume alcohol and/or other drugs vulnerable to remain in marital relationships permeated by violence, the findings signal to the need for inter-sectoral articulations. This articulation among the various sectors should promote the implementation and/or deployment of effective actions that provoke reflections on social construction anchored in gender inequality and still assist the demands of women, culminating in the reach of female empowerment.

ELEMENTOS DE VULNERABILIDADE PARA PERMANÊNCIA NA VIOLÊNCIA CONJUGAL: DISCURSO DE MULHERES QUE CONSOMEM ÁLCOOL/DROGAS

RESUMO Objetivo identificar elementos de vulnerabilidades para permanência de mulheres que consomem álcool/drogas na violência conjugal. Método estudo exploratório, descritivo e de abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 16 mulheres com idade acima de 18 anos, história de consumo de álcool e/ou outras drogas e violência conjugal, cadastradas em duas Unidades de Saúde da Família da zona urbana de um município da Bahia, Brasil. Foram excluídas as mulheres cujos sinais sugeriam uso ou abstinência do álcool e aquelas emocionalmente instáveis. A coleta de dados ocorreu de outubro de 2016 a fevereiro de 2017, por meio da entrevista em profundidade. Os dados foram sistematizados, baseando-se no Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Resultados a dependência econômica; a esperança de que o companheiro mude; a transgeracionalidade da violência conjugal e a não resolutividade da rede de atendimento emergiram como elementos que vulnerabilizam mulheres que consomem álcool/drogas a permanecerem em relações conjugais permeadas pela violência. Conclusão os achados, ao apontar elementos que vulnerabilizam mulheres que consomem álcool e/ou outras drogas a permanecer em relações conjugais permeadas pela violência, sinaliza para a necessidade de articulações intersetoriais. Esta articulação entre os diversos setores deve promover a implantação e/ou implementação de ações eficazes que provoquem reflexões acerca da construção social ancorada na desigualdade de gênero e ainda assistam as demandas das mulheres, culminando no alcance do empoderamento feminino.

Social determinants of domestic violence against suburban women in developing countries: a systematic review

OBJECTIVE

In addition to the many social, economic, cultural, security, and environmental problems in the metropolitan areas, suburbanization has led to the growth and spread of domestic violence against women, and is still increasing. Different social determinants can play a role in violence against suburban women, so this study was designed to investigate the social determinants of domestic violence in suburban women of developing countries.

METHODS

According to PRISMA guideline, the keywords, which were determined considering MESH, were searched in Google Scholar, MEDLINE, SID, Web of Science, Pubmed, Scopus and Science Direct with the 2009 to 2019 time limit. STROBE checklist was used for evaluating quantitative studies and JBI for qualitative studies. Finally 30 high quality studies were included.

RESULTS

The prevalence of general domestic violence among women of different ages was reported between 2.3-73.78% in the suburban regions of developing countries. The prevalence of physical, emotional and psychological violence was about 11.54-61.6% and 7.8-84.3%. The prevalence of sexual,economic and the verbal violence was about 0.8-58.8%, 13.7- 43.7% and 33.21-86.1%. The most common factors affecting violence against women were the structural factors of early marriage, the husband's addiction to alcohol and drugs.

CONCLUSION

General domestic violence and its various types are prevalent in different parts of the world and the factors affecting domestic violence such as age, marriage age, low literacy, husband addiction to alcohol and drugs are all things that can be prevented by special health planning in these areas to improve women's health and thus prevent violence against suburban women.

Maternal experience of intimate partner violence and low birth weight of children: A hospital-based study in Bangladesh

OBJECTIVE

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is the most prevalent form of gender-based violence worldwide. IPV either before or during pregnancy has been documented as a risk factor for the health of the mother and her unborn child. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between maternal experience of IPV and low birth weight (LBW).

STUDY DESIGN

A hospital-based survey was conducted among women in the postnatal wards of a large public hospital at Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Data on socio-economic characteristics, reproductive health characteristics, intimate partner violence, and antenatal, delivery and newborn care were collected from 400 women between July 2015 and April 2016.

RESULTS

Results of this study indicated that 43% of women reported experiencing any physical IPV in their lifetime, 35.5% of them experienced sexual IPV, and 32.5% experienced both physical and sexual IPV. Approximately one in every three (29.2%) infants was born with LBW. Physical IPV was associated with an increased risk of having a child with low birth weight (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 3.01, 95% CI: 2.35-5.81). The risk of infants born with LBW increased with women's lifetime experience of sexual IPV (AOR: 1.98; 95% CI: 1.23-4.15) and both physical and sexual IPV (AOR: 4.05; 95% CI: 2.79-7.33).

CONCLUSION

Maternal lifetime experience of IPV is positively associated with LBW children. Preventing women from the experience of IPV may help improve neonatal and child mortality in Bangladesh.