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Lengali L, Hippe J, Hatlestad-Hall C, Rygvold TW, Sneve MH, Andersson S. Sensory-Induced Human LTP-Like Synaptic Plasticity - Using Visual Evoked Potentials to Explore the Relation Between LTP-Like Synaptic Plasticity and Visual Perceptual Learning. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:684573. [PMID: 34248528 PMCID: PMC8267789 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.684573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Stimulus-selective response modulation (SRM) of sensory evoked potentials represents a well-established non-invasive index of long-term potentiation-like (LTP-like) synaptic plasticity in the human sensory cortices. Although our understanding of the mechanisms underlying stimulus-SRM has increased over the past two decades, it remains unclear how this form of LTP-like synaptic plasticity is related to other basic learning mechanisms, such as perceptual learning. The aim of the current study was twofold; firstly, we aimed to corroborate former stimulus-SRM studies, demonstrating modulation of visual evoked potential (VEP) components following high-frequency visual stimulation. Secondly, we aimed to investigate the association between the magnitudes of LTP-like plasticity and visual perceptual learning (VPL). Methods 42 healthy adults participated in the study. EEG data was recorded during a standard high-frequency stimulus-SRM paradigm. Amplitude values were measured from the peaks of visual components C1, P1, and N1. Embedded in the same experimental session, the VPL task required the participants to discriminate between a masked checkerboard pattern and a visual “noise” stimulus before, during and after the stimulus-SRM probes. Results We demonstrated significant amplitude modulations of VEPs components C1 and N1 from baseline to both post-stimulation probes. In the VPL task, we observed a significant change in the average threshold levels from the first to the second round. No significant association between the magnitudes of LTP-like plasticity and performance on the VPL task was evident. Conclusion To the extent of our knowledge, this study is the first to examine the relationship between the visual stimulus-RM phenomenon and VPL in humans. In accordance with previous studies, we demonstrated robust amplitude modulations of the C1 and N1 components of the VEP waveform. However, we did not observe any significant correlations between modulation magnitude of VEP components and VPL task performance, suggesting that these phenomena rely on separate learning mechanisms implemented by different neural mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilly Lengali
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johannes Hippe
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Lantz CL, Quinlan EM. High-Frequency Visual Stimulation Primes Gamma Oscillations for Visually Evoked Phase Reset and Enhances Spatial Acuity. Cereb Cortex Commun 2021; 2:tgab016. [PMID: 33997786 PMCID: PMC8110461 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The temporal frequency of sensory stimulation is a decisive factor in the plasticity of perceptual detection thresholds. However, surprisingly little is known about how distinct temporal parameters of sensory input differentially recruit activity of neuronal circuits in sensory cortices. Here we demonstrate that brief repetitive visual stimulation induces long-term plasticity of visual responses revealed 24 h after stimulation and that the location and generalization of visual response plasticity is determined by the temporal frequency of the visual stimulation. Brief repetitive low-frequency stimulation (2 Hz) is sufficient to induce a visual response potentiation that is expressed exclusively in visual cortex layer 4 and in response to a familiar stimulus. In contrast, brief, repetitive high-frequency stimulation (HFS, 20 Hz) is sufficient to induce a visual response potentiation that is expressed in all cortical layers and transfers to novel stimuli. HFS induces a long-term suppression of the activity of fast-spiking interneurons and primes ongoing gamma oscillatory rhythms for phase reset by subsequent visual stimulation. This novel form of generalized visual response enhancement induced by HFS is paralleled by an increase in visual acuity, measured as improved performance in a visual detection task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal L Lantz
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Bruns P, Dinse HR, Röder B. Differential effects of the temporal and spatial distribution of audiovisual stimuli on cross-modal spatial recalibration. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:3763-3775. [PMID: 32403183 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Visual input constantly recalibrates auditory spatial representations. Exposure to isochronous audiovisual stimuli with a fixed spatial disparity typically results in a subsequent auditory localization bias (ventriloquism aftereffect, VAE), whereas exposure to spatially congruent audiovisual stimuli improves subsequent auditory localization (multisensory enhancement, ME). Here, we tested whether cross-modal recalibration is affected by the stimulation rate and/or the distribution of audiovisual spatial disparities during training. Auditory localization was tested before and after participants were exposed either to audiovisual stimuli with a constant spatial disparity of 13.5° (VAE) or to spatially congruent audiovisual stimulation (ME). In a between-subjects design, audiovisual stimuli were presented either at a low frequency of 2 Hz, as used in previous studies of VAE and ME, or intermittently at a high frequency of 10 Hz, which mimics long-term potentiation (LTP) protocols and which was found superior in eliciting unisensory perceptual learning. Compared to low-frequency stimulation, VAE was reduced after high-frequency stimulation, whereas ME occurred regardless of the stimulation protocol. In two additional groups, we manipulated the spatial distribution of audiovisual stimuli in the low-frequency condition. Stimuli were presented with varying audiovisual disparities centered around 13.5° (VAE) or 0° (ME). Both VAE and ME were equally strong compared to a fixed spatial relationship of 13.5° or 0°, respectively. Taken together, our results suggest (a) that VAE and ME represent partly dissociable forms of learning and (b) that auditory representations adjust to the overall stimulus statistics rather than to a specific audiovisual spatial relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bruns
- Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hubert R Dinse
- Neural Plasticity Lab, Institute of Neuroinformatics, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Brigitte Röder
- Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Marzoll A, Saygi T, Dinse HR. The effect of LTP- and LTD-like visual stimulation on modulation of human orientation discrimination. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16156. [PMID: 30385849 PMCID: PMC6212525 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34276-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies showing that repetitive visual stimulation protocols alter perception and induce cortical reorganization, as well-reported for the tactile domain, have been sparse. In this study, we investigated how “long-term potentiation [LTP]-like” and “long-term depression [LTD]-like” repetitive visual stimulation affects orientation discrimination ability in human observers. LTP-like stimulation with features most closely resembling the stimuli used during behavioral assessment evoked the largest improvement, while the effects were smaller in protocols that differed in shape or orientation features. This gradient suggests lower learning specificity than classical perceptual learning experiments, possibly because of an interplay of task- and feature-based factors. All modulatory effects of repetitive stimulation were superimposed on top of spontaneous task learning. Moreover, blockwise analysis revealed that LTP-like stimulation, in contrast to LTD-like or sham stimulation, prevented a loss of practice-related gain of orientation discrimination thresholds. This observation highlights a critical role of LTP-like stimulation for consolidation, typically observed during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Marzoll
- Neural Plasticity Lab, Institute for Neuroinformatics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tan Saygi
- Neural Plasticity Lab, Institute for Neuroinformatics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Hubert R Dinse
- Neural Plasticity Lab, Institute for Neuroinformatics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany. .,Department of Neurology, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
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Pegado F, Hendriks MHA, Amelynck S, Daniels N, Bulthé J, Masson HL, Boets B, de Beeck HO. Neural Representations Behind 'Social Norm' Inferences In Humans. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12943. [PMID: 30154471 PMCID: PMC6113313 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31260-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans are highly skilled in social reasoning, e.g., inferring thoughts of others. This mentalizing ability systematically recruits brain regions such as Temporo-Parietal Junction (TPJ), Precuneus (PC) and medial Prefrontal Cortex (mPFC). Further, posterior mPFC is associated with allocentric mentalizing and conflict monitoring while anterior mPFC is associated with self-reference (egocentric) processing. Here we extend this work to how we reason not just about what one person thinks but about the abstract shared social norm. We apply functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate neural representations while participants judge the social congruency between emotional auditory utterances in relation to visual scenes according to how ‘most people’ would perceive it. Behaviorally, judging according to a social norm increased the similarity of response patterns among participants. Multivoxel pattern analysis revealed that social congruency information was not represented in visual and auditory areas, but was clear in most parts of the mentalizing network: TPJ, PC and posterior (but not anterior) mPFC. Furthermore, interindividual variability in anterior mPFC representations was inversely related to the behavioral ability to adjust to the social norm. Our results suggest that social norm inferencing is associated with a distributed and partially individually specific representation of social congruency in the mentalizing network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Pegado
- Department of Brain and Cognition, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. .,Center for Developmental Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. .,Leuven Autism Research consortium, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Michelle H A Hendriks
- Department of Brain and Cognition, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Autism Research consortium, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steffie Amelynck
- Department of Brain and Cognition, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicky Daniels
- Department of Brain and Cognition, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jessica Bulthé
- Department of Brain and Cognition, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Haemy Lee Masson
- Department of Brain and Cognition, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Boets
- Center for Developmental Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Autism Research consortium, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Op de Beeck
- Department of Brain and Cognition, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Dinse HR, Tegenthoff M. Repetitive Sensory Stimulation—A Canonical Approach to Control the Induction of Human Learning at a Behavioral and Neural Level. HANDBOOK OF BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-812028-6.00021-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Kobayashi B, Cook IA, Hunter AM, Minzenberg MJ, Krantz DE, Leuchter AF. Can neurophysiologic measures serve as biomarkers for the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment of major depressive disorder? Int Rev Psychiatry 2017; 29:98-114. [PMID: 28362541 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2017.1297697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an effective treatment for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). There are clinical data that support the efficacy of many different approaches to rTMS treatment, and it remains unclear what combination of stimulation parameters is optimal to relieve depressive symptoms. Because of the costs and complexity of studies that would be necessary to explore and compare the large number of combinations of rTMS treatment parameters, it would be useful to establish reliable surrogate biomarkers of treatment efficacy that could be used to compare different approaches to treatment. This study reviews the evidence that neurophysiologic measures of cortical excitability could be used as biomarkers for screening different rTMS treatment paradigms. It examines evidence that: (1) changes in excitability are related to the mechanism of action of rTMS; (2) rTMS has consistent effects on measures of excitability that could constitute reliable biomarkers; and (3) changes in excitability are related to the outcomes of rTMS treatment of MDD. An increasing body of evidence indicates that these neurophysiologic measures have the potential to serve as reliable biomarkers for screening different approaches to rTMS treatment of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Kobayashi
- a David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,b Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,c Neuromodulation Division , Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Ian A Cook
- a David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,b Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,c Neuromodulation Division , Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,d Department of Bioengineering , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Aimee M Hunter
- a David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,b Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,c Neuromodulation Division , Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Michael J Minzenberg
- a David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,b Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,c Neuromodulation Division , Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - David E Krantz
- a David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,b Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,c Neuromodulation Division , Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Andrew F Leuchter
- a David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,b Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,c Neuromodulation Division , Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA
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