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Dec M, Łagowski D, Nowak T, Pietras-Ożga D, Herman K. Serotypes, Antibiotic Susceptibility, Genotypic Virulence Profiles and SpaA Variants of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Strains Isolated from Pigs in Poland. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12030409. [PMID: 36986331 PMCID: PMC10058941 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae strains isolated from diseased pigs in Poland and comparison of the SpaA (Surface protective antigen A) sequence of wild-type strains with the sequence of the R32E11 vaccine strain. The antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was assessed using the broth microdilution method. Resistance genes, virulence genes, and serotype determinants were detected using PCR. The gyrA and spaA amplicons were sequenced to determine nonsynonymous mutations. The E. rhusiopathiae isolates (n = 14) represented serotypes 1b (42.8%), 2 (21.4%), 5 (14.3%), 6 (7.1%), 8 (7.1%), and N (7.1%). All strains were susceptible to β-lactams, macrolides and florfenicol. One isolate showed resistance to lincosamides and tiamulin, and most strains were resistant to tetracycline and enrofloxacin. High MIC values of gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, trimethoprim, trimethoprim/sulfadiazine, and rifampicin were recorded for all isolates. Phenotypic resistance was correlated with the presence of the tetM, int-Tn, lasE, and lnuB genes. Resistance to enrofloxacin was due to a mutation in the gyrA gene. All strains contained the spaA gene and several other genes putatively involved in pathogenesis (nanH.1, nanH.2, intl, sub, hlyA, fbpA, ERH_1356, cpsA, algI, rspA and rspB) Seven variants of the SpaA protein were found in the tested strains, and a relationship between the structure of SpaA and the serotype was noted. E. rhusiopathiae strains occurring in pigs in Poland are diverse in terms of serotype and SpaA variant and differ antigenically from the R32E11 vaccine strain. Beta-lactam antibiotics, macrolides, or phenicols should be the first choice for treatment of swine erysipelas in Poland. However, due to the small number of tested strains, this conclusion should be approached with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Dec
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-445-60-32
| | - Dominik Łagowski
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Nowak
- Diagnostic Veterinary Laboratory Vet-Lab Brudzew Dr. Piotr Kwieciński, Department of Molecular Biology, 62-720 Brudzew, Poland
| | - Dorota Pietras-Ożga
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Klaudia Herman
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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The C-Terminal Repeat Units of SpaA Mediate Adhesion of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae to Host Cells and Regulate Its Virulence. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11071010. [PMID: 36101391 PMCID: PMC9311908 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is an important zoonotic pathogen, which poses a serious harm to the pig industry. We aimed to evaluate the genomic differences between virulent and avirulent strains to study the pathogenic mechanism of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. The results showed that the spaA gene of avirulent strain lacked 120bp, encoding repeat units at the C-terminal of SpaA, the virulence of the virulent strain with this 120 bp deletion was attenuated, and the mutant strain decreased adhesion to porcine iliac artery endothelial cells. Abstract Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a causative agent of erysipelas in animals and erysipeloid in humans. However, current information regarding E. rhusiopathiae pathogenesis remains limited. Previously, we identified two E. rhusiopathiae strains, SE38 and G4T10, which were virulent and avirulent in pigs, respectively. Here, to further study the pathogenic mechanism of E. rhusiopathiae, we sequenced and assembled the genomes of strains SE38 and G4T10, and performed a comparative genomic analysis to identify differences or mutations in virulence-associated genes. Next, we comparatively analyzed 25 E. rhusiopathiae virulence-associated genes in SE38 and G4T10. Compared with that of SE38, the spaA gene of the G4T10 strain lacked 120 bp, encoding repeat units at the C-terminal of SpaA. To examine whether these deletions or splits influence E. rhusiopathiae virulence, these 120 bp were successfully deleted from the spaA gene in strain SE38 by homologous recombination. The mutant strain ΔspaA displayed attenuated virulence in mice and decreased adhesion to porcine iliac artery endothelial cells, which was also observed using the corresponding mutant protein SpaA’. Our results demonstrate that SpaA-mediated adhesion between E. rhusiopathiae and host cells is dependent on its C-terminal repeat units.
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Yang J, He C, Zhang H, Liu M, Zhao H, Ren L, Wu D, Du F, Liu B, Han X, He S, Chen Z. Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis of a Genetic Marked Brucella Vaccine A19ΔvirB12 for Cattle. Front Immunol 2021; 12:679560. [PMID: 34163479 PMCID: PMC8215367 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.679560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella abortus is an important zoonotic pathogen that causes severe economic loss to husbandry and poses a threat to human health. The B. abortus A19 live vaccine has been extensively used to prevent bovine brucellosis in China. However, it is difficult to distinguish the serological response induced by A19 from that induced by natural infection. In this study, a novel genetically marked vaccine, A19ΔvirB12, was generated and evaluated. The results indicated that A19ΔvirB12 was able to provide effective protection against B. abortus 2308 (S2308) challenge in mice. Furthermore, the safety and protective efficacy of A19ΔvirB12 have been confirmed in natural host cattle. Additionally, the VirB12 protein allowed for serological differentiation between the S2308 challenge/natural infection and A19ΔvirB12 vaccination. However, previous studies have found that the accuracy of the serological detection based on VirB12 needs to be improved. Therefore, we attempted to identify potential supplementary antigens with differential diagnostic functions by combining label-free quantitative proteomics and protein chip technology. Twenty-six proteins identified only in S2308 were screened; among them, five proteins were considered as potential supplementary antigens. Thus, the accuracy of the differential diagnosis between A19ΔvirB12 immunization and field infection may be improved through multi-antigen detection. In addition, we explored the possible attenuation factors of Brucella vaccine strain. Nine virulence factors were downregulated in A19ΔvirB12. The downregulation pathways of A19ΔvirB12 were significantly enriched in quorum sensing, ATP-binding cassette transporter, and metabolism. Several proteins related to cell division were significantly downregulated, while some proteins involved in transcription were upregulated in S2308. In conclusion, our results contribute to the control and eradication of brucellosis and provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the attenuation of A19ΔvirB12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuanyu He
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,Tecon Biological Co. Ltd., Urumqi, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | | | | | - Lisong Ren
- Tecon Biological Co. Ltd., Urumqi, China
| | | | - Fangyuan Du
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Baoshan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaohu Han
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sun He
- Tecon Biological Co. Ltd., Urumqi, China
| | - Zeliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.,Brucellosis Prevention and Treatment Engineering Technology Research Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China.,School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Comparative genomics of a novel clade shed light on the evolution of the genus Erysipelothrix and characterise an emerging species. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3383. [PMID: 33564084 PMCID: PMC7873064 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82959-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Erysipelothrix sp. isolates obtained from a deadly outbreak in farmed turkeys were sequenced and compared to representatives of the genus. Phylogenetic trees—supported by digital DNA:DNA hybridization and Average Nucleotide Identity—revealed a novel monophyletic clade comprising isolates from pigs, turkeys, and fish, including isolates previously described as E. sp. Strain 2. Genes coding for the SpaC protein, typically found in E. sp. Strain 2, were detected in all isolates of the clade. Therefore, we confirm E. sp. Strain 2 represents a unique species, that despite its official name “Erysipelothrix piscisicarius” (meaning a killer of fish), may be isolated from a broad host range. Core genome analysis showed that the pathogenic species of this genus, E. rhusiopathiae and the clade E. sp. Strain 2, are enriched in core functionalities related to nutrient uptake and transport, but not necessarily homologous pathways. For instance, whereas the aerobic DctA transporter may uptake C4-dicarboxylates in both species, the anaerobic DcuC transporter is exclusive of the E. sp. Strain 2. Remarkably, the pan-genome analysis uncovered that genes related to transport and metabolism, recombination and repair, translation and transcription in the fish isolate, within the novel clade, have undergone a genomic reduction through pseudogenization. This reflects distinct selective pressures shaping the genome of species and strains within the genus Erysipelothrix while adapting to their respective niches.
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Kovalchuk SN, Babii AV. Draft genome sequence data and comparative analysis of Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae vaccine strain VR-2. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:455. [PMID: 33088652 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02451-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae VR-2 is a commercially available live attenuated vaccine strain widely used in Russia, Kazakhstan, and a number of European countries for immunization of pigs against swine erysipelas. The draft genome sequence of E. rhusiopathiae strain VR-2 reported in this paper is 1,704,727 bp in length, has CG content of 36.5%, and contains 1680 genes, including 51 tRNA, 3 rRNA, and 1408 protein-coding genes. Comparative sequence analysis between Fujisawa (serovar 1a), VR-2 and six other serovar N strains of E. rhusiopathiae revealed wide genetic variability of the chromosomal region essential for serovar-specific antigenicity and virulence of E. rhusiopathiae strains. We have performed a BLAST search and found 12 genomic loci potentially specific for the E. rhusiopathiae VR-2 strain. These data could be helpful for developing genetic assays for differentiation of field isolates and this live attenuated vaccine strain, which is especially important for epizootical monitoring of swine erysipelas in countries, where the live vaccine strain E. rhusiopathiae VR-2 is used for pig immunization, as well as for the design of recombinant vaccines against swine erysipelas. The genome of E. rhusiopathiae VR-2 has been submitted in GenBank under accession number RJTK00000000.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana N Kovalchuk
- Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry Named After Academy Member L.K. Ernst, Dubrovitsy 60, Podolsk Municipal District, 142132 Moscow Region Russian Federation
| | - Anna V Babii
- Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry Named After Academy Member L.K. Ernst, Dubrovitsy 60, Podolsk Municipal District, 142132 Moscow Region Russian Federation
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Zhu W, Zhang Q, Li J, Wei Y, Cai C, Liu L, Xu Z, Jin M. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase acts as an adhesin in Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae adhesion to porcine endothelial cells and as a receptor in recruitment of host fibronectin and plasminogen. Vet Res 2017; 48:16. [PMID: 28327178 PMCID: PMC5360030 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-017-0421-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is the causative agent of animal erysipelas and human erysipeloid. Previous studies suggested glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) plays a role in the pathogenesis of E. rhusiopathiae infection. We studied E. rhusiopathiae GAPDH interactions with pig vascular endothelial cells, fibronectin, and plasminogen. Recombinant GAPDH (rGAPDH) was successfully obtained, and it was shown that it plays a role in E. rhusiopathiae adhesion to pig vascular endothelial cells. Moreover, rGAPDH could bind fibronectin and plasminogen in a dose-dependent manner. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that a moonlighting protein plays a role in pathogenesis of E. rhusiopathiae infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Zhu
- Animal Infectious Disease Unit, National State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Animal Infectious Disease Unit, National State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Life Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingtao Li
- Animal Infectious Disease Unit, National State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanmin Wei
- Animal Infectious Disease Unit, National State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengzhi Cai
- Animal Infectious Disease Unit, National State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Unit, National State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongmin Xu
- Animal Infectious Disease Unit, National State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meilin Jin
- Animal Infectious Disease Unit, National State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China. .,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China. .,Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.
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