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Noh KE, Lee JH, Choi SY, Jung NC, Nam JH, Oh JS, Song JY, Seo HG, Wang Y, Lee HS, Lim DS. TGF-β/IL-7 Chimeric Switch Receptor-Expressing CAR-T Cells Inhibit Recurrence of CD19-Positive B Cell Lymphoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168706. [PMID: 34445415 PMCID: PMC8395772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells are effective in the treatment of hematologic malignancies but have shown limited efficacy against solid tumors. Here, we demonstrated an approach to inhibit recurrence of B cell lymphoma by co-expressing both a human anti-CD19-specific single-chain variable fragment (scFv) CAR (CD19 CAR) and a TGF-β/IL-7 chimeric switch receptor (tTRII-I7R) in T cells (CD19 CAR-tTRII-I7R-T cells). The tTRII-I7R was designed to convert immunosuppressive TGF-β signaling into immune-activating IL-7 signaling. The effect of TGF-β on CD19 CAR-tTRII-I7R-T cells was assessed by western blotting. Target-specific killing by CD19 CAR-tTRII-I7R-T cells was evaluated by Eu-TDA assay. Daudi tumor-bearing NSG (NOD/SCID/IL2Rγ-/-) mice were treated with CD19 CAR-tTRII-I7R-T cells to analyze the in vivo anti-tumor effect. In vitro, CD19 CAR-tTRII-I7R-T cells had a lower level of phosphorylated SMAD2 and a higher level of target-specific cytotoxicity than controls in the presence of rhTGF-β1. In the animal model, the overall survival and recurrence-free survival of mice that received CD19 CAR-tTRII-I7R-T cells were significantly longer than in control mice. These findings strongly suggest that CD19 CAR-tTRII-I7R-T cell therapy provides a new strategy for long-lasting, TGF-β-resistant anti-tumor effects against B cell lymphoma, which may lead ultimately to increased clinical efficacy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD19/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- Interleukin-7/genetics
- Interleukin-7/metabolism
- K562 Cells
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/immunology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/therapy
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Single-Chain Antibodies/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Treatment Outcome
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Eun Noh
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (K.-E.N.); (S.-Y.C.); (J.-H.N.); (J.-S.O.)
| | - Jun-Ho Lee
- Pharos Vaccine Inc., 14 Galmachiro, 288 Bun-gil, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam 13201, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (J.-H.L.); (N.-C.J.); (H.S.L.)
| | - So-Yeon Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (K.-E.N.); (S.-Y.C.); (J.-H.N.); (J.-S.O.)
| | - Nam-Chul Jung
- Pharos Vaccine Inc., 14 Galmachiro, 288 Bun-gil, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam 13201, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (J.-H.L.); (N.-C.J.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Ji-Hee Nam
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (K.-E.N.); (S.-Y.C.); (J.-H.N.); (J.-S.O.)
| | - Ji-Soo Oh
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (K.-E.N.); (S.-Y.C.); (J.-H.N.); (J.-S.O.)
| | - Jie-Young Song
- Department of Radiation Cancer Sciences, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Korea;
| | - Han Geuk Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Products, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Yu Wang
- Immunotech Applied Science Ltd., Beijing 100176, China;
| | - Hyun Soo Lee
- Pharos Vaccine Inc., 14 Galmachiro, 288 Bun-gil, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam 13201, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (J.-H.L.); (N.-C.J.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Dae-Seog Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (K.-E.N.); (S.-Y.C.); (J.-H.N.); (J.-S.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-10-2770-4777
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Hrabos D, Hnizdilova T, Tomala J, Uhlik J, Kovar M. IL-7/αIL-7 mAb M25 immunocomplexes expand CD8 + T cells but paradoxically abrogate the antitumor activity of CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockage. Cytokine 2020; 133:155174. [PMID: 32599539 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Supraphysiological levels of IL-7 induce increase counts of pre-B cells, naive T cells and memory phenotype CD8+ T cells. Immunocomplexes of IL-7 and αIL-7 mAb M25 (IL-7/M25) were described as IL-7 superagonist in vivo. Thus, treatment of mice with IL-7/M25 remarkably increases the size of the T cell pool. We decided to use IL-7/M25 in order to expand the T cell population prior to the administration of αCTLA-4 and αPD-1 mAbs in tumor-bearing mice and in turn boost the immunotherapy based on a combination of CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockage. We found that just four doses of IL-7/M25 increased the absolute numbers of splenocytes approximately fivefold and significantly shifted the CD4+:CD8+ T cell ratio in favor of CD8+ T cells. There was also a substantive increase in relative counts of memory phenotype CD8+ T cells (approximately threefold) within CD8+ T cells but a significant decrease (approximately 30%) in relative counts of Treg cells within CD4+ T cells. All these data suggest that IL-7/M25 offer a suitable approach to potentiate tumor immunotherapy through CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockage. Unexpectedly, IL-7/M25 significantly abrogated the antitumor activity of αCTLA-4 plus αPD-1 mAbs in the following mouse tumor models: MC-38 and CT26 colon carcinoma and B16F10 melanoma. This paradoxical effect of IL-7/M25 on the antitumor activity of CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockage was not mediated via either increased levels of IL-10 or TGF-β in the sera or increased counts of IL-10-producing B or T cells in the spleen of mice injected with IL-7/M25. Thus, our work shows that caution should be exercised when combining two immunotherapy approaches together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Hrabos
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Hnizdilova
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Tomala
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Uhlik
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Kovar
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Approaches to treat immune hot, altered and cold tumours with combination immunotherapies. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2019; 18:197-218. [PMID: 30610226 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-018-0007-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1874] [Impact Index Per Article: 374.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapies are the most rapidly growing drug class and have a major impact in oncology and on human health. It is increasingly clear that the effectiveness of immunomodulatory strategies depends on the presence of a baseline immune response and on unleashing of pre-existing immunity. Therefore, a general consensus emerged on the central part played by effector T cells in the antitumour responses. Recent technological, analytical and mechanistic advances in immunology have enabled the identification of patients who are more likely to respond to immunotherapy. In this Review, we focus on defining hot, altered and cold tumours, the complexity of the tumour microenvironment, the Immunoscore and immune contexture of tumours, and we describe approaches to treat such tumours with combination immunotherapies, including checkpoint inhibitors. In the upcoming era of combination immunotherapy, it is becoming critical to understand the mechanisms responsible for hot, altered or cold immune tumours in order to boost a weak antitumour immunity. The impact of combination therapy on the immune response to convert an immune cold into a hot tumour will be discussed.
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De Bortoli F, Neumann A, Kotte A, Timmermann B, Schüler T, Wahl MC, Loll B, Heyd F. Increased versatility despite reduced molecular complexity: evolution, structure and function of metazoan splicing factor PRPF39. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:5867-5879. [PMID: 30949712 PMCID: PMC6582350 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the yeast U1 snRNP the Prp39/Prp42 heterodimer is essential for early steps of spliceosome assembly. In metazoans no Prp42 ortholog exists, raising the question how the heterodimer is functionally substituted. Here we present the crystal structure of murine PRPF39, which forms a homodimer. Structure-guided point mutations disrupt dimer formation and inhibit splicing, manifesting the homodimer as functional unit. PRPF39 expression is controlled by NMD-inducing alternative splicing in mice and human, suggesting a role in adapting splicing efficiency to cell type specific requirements. A phylogenetic analysis reveals coevolution of shortened U1 snRNA and the absence of Prp42, which correlates with overall splicing complexity in different fungi. While current models correlate the diversity of spliceosomal proteins with splicing complexity, our study highlights a contrary case. We find that organisms with higher splicing complexity have substituted the Prp39/Prp42 heterodimer with a PRPF39 homodimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Bortoli
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, RNA Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Neumann
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, RNA Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana Kotte
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, RNA Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Timmermann
- Sequencing Core Facility, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestraße 63-73, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Thomas Schüler
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Markus C Wahl
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Strukturbiochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Macromolecular Crystallography, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Loll
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Strukturbiochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Heyd
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, RNA Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Interleukin-7 enhances anti-tumor activity of CD8+ T cells in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Cytokine 2019; 118:115-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Raeber ME, Zurbuchen Y, Impellizzieri D, Boyman O. The role of cytokines in T-cell memory in health and disease. Immunol Rev 2018; 283:176-193. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miro E. Raeber
- Department of Immunology; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Yves Zurbuchen
- Department of Immunology; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | | | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
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Interleukin-7 augments CD8 + T cells function and promotes viral clearance in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Cytokine 2017; 102:26-33. [PMID: 29275010 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-7 is a potent proliferation, activation, and survival cytokine for CD8+ T cells to improve viral and tumor specific CD8+ T cell responses. However, the role of IL-7 in regulation of dysfunctional hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific CD8+ T cells was not fully elucidated. Thus, a total of 53 patients with chronic hepatitis C and 24 healthy individuals were enrolled in the current study. Serum IL-7 and its receptor α chain CD127 expression was measured. The modulatory function of IL-7 to CD8+ T cells was investigated in both direct and indirect contact co-culture with HCVcc-infected Huh7.5 cells. Both serum IL-7 and CD127 expression on CD8+ T cells was significantly reduced in chronic HCV-infected patients, which was negatively correlated with HCV RNA. Stimulation of IL-7 promoted both cytotoxicity and cytokines (interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-2) production of CD8+ T cells from patients with chronic hepatitis C. Moreover, IL-7 increased proliferation of CD8+ T cells, while downregulated a critical repressor of cytokine signaling, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3). The IL-7-mediated enhancement effects to CD8+ T cells were dependent on IL-6 production. The current data suggested that IL-7 induced both cytolytic and noncytolytic functions of CD8+ T cells probably via repression of SOCS3. IL-7 might be considered as one of the therapeutic candidates for treatment of chronic HCV infection.
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Immunoregulation by IL-7R-targeting antibody-drug conjugates: overcoming steroid-resistance in cancer and autoimmune disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10735. [PMID: 28878234 PMCID: PMC5587554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid-resistance is a common complication in the treatment of malignancies and autoimmune diseases. IL-7/IL-7R signaling, which regulates lymphocyte growth and survival, has been implicated in the development of malignancies and autoimmune diseases. However, the biological significance of IL-7/IL-7R signaling in steroid treatment is poorly understood. Here, we identified a novel relationship between IL-7R signaling and steroid-resistance, and showed that an anti-IL-7R antibody conjugated with SN-38 (A7R-ADC-SN-38) has strong anti-tumor effects against both parental and steroid-resistant malignant cells. Furthermore, inflammation in the mouse autoimmune arthritis model was suppressed to greater extent by A7R-ADC conjugated to MMAE than by A7R-ADC-SN-38. Given that an increased proportion of IL-7R-positive cells is a common mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of autoimmunity, we found that specific depletion of this cell population abrogated the progression of disease. This suggests that the cytotoxicity and immunosuppressive capacity of A7R-ADC could be modulated to treat specific malignancies or autoimmune diseases through the introduction of different payloads, and represents a novel alternative to steroid therapy.
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