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Huang SW, Lim SK, Yu YA, Pan YC, Lien WJ, Mou CY, Hu CMJ, Mou KY. Overcoming the nutritional immunity by engineering iron-scavenging bacteria for cancer therapy. eLife 2024; 12:RP90798. [PMID: 38747577 PMCID: PMC11095936 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Certain bacteria demonstrate the ability to target and colonize the tumor microenvironment, a characteristic that positions them as innovative carriers for delivering various therapeutic agents in cancer therapy. Nevertheless, our understanding of how bacteria adapt their physiological condition to the tumor microenvironment remains elusive. In this work, we employed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to examine the proteome of E. coli colonized in murine tumors. Compared to E. coli cultivated in the rich medium, we found that E. coli colonized in tumors notably upregulated the processes related to ferric ions, including the enterobactin biosynthesis and iron homeostasis. This finding indicated that the tumor is an iron-deficient environment to E. coli. We also found that the colonization of E. coli in the tumor led to an increased expression of lipocalin 2 (LCN2), a host protein that can sequester the enterobactin. We therefore engineered E. coli in order to evade the nutritional immunity provided by LCN2. By introducing the IroA cluster, the E. coli synthesizes the glycosylated enterobactin, which creates steric hindrance to avoid the LCN2 sequestration. The IroA-E. coli showed enhanced resistance to LCN2 and significantly improved the anti-tumor activity in mice. Moreover, the mice cured by the IroA-E. coli treatment became resistant to the tumor re-challenge, indicating the establishment of immunological memory. Overall, our study underscores the crucial role of bacteria's ability to acquire ferric ions within the tumor microenvironment for effective cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Wei Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - See-Khai Lim
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yao-An Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program of Translational Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yi-Chung Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Wan-Ju Lien
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chung-Yuan Mou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Che-Ming Jack Hu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program of Translational Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Kurt Yun Mou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
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2
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Lim SK, Lin WC, Huang SW, Pan YC, Hu CW, Mou CY, Hu CMJ, Mou KY. Bacteria colonization in tumor microenvironment creates a favorable niche for immunogenic chemotherapy. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:416-428. [PMID: 38225455 PMCID: PMC10897177 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-023-00022-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) presents differential selective pressure (DSP) that favors the growth of cancer cells, and monovalent therapy is often inadequate in reversing the cancer cell dominance in the TME. In this work, we introduce bacteria as a foreign species to the TME and explore combinatorial treatment strategies to alter DSP for tumor eradication. We show that cancer-selective chemotherapeutic agents and fasting can provide a strong selection pressure against tumor growth in the presence of bacteria. Moreover, we show that an immunogenic drug (oxaliplatin), but not a non-immunogenic one (5-FU), synergizes with the bacteria to activate both the innate and adaptive immunity in the TME, resulting in complete tumor remission and a sustained anti-tumor immunological memory in mice. The combination of oxaliplatin and bacteria greatly enhances the co-stimulatory and antigen-presenting molecules on antigen-presenting cells, which in turn bridge the cytotoxic T cells for cancer-cell killing. Our findings indicate that rational combination of bacterial therapy and immunogenic chemotherapy can promote anticancer immunity against the immunosuppressive TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- See-Khai Lim
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ching Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Wei Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chung Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Che-Wei Hu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yuan Mou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
| | - Che-Ming Jack Hu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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3
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Roe JM, Seely K, Bussard CJ, Eischen Martin E, Mouw EG, Bayles KW, Hollingsworth MA, Brooks AE, Dailey KM. Hacking the Immune Response to Solid Tumors: Harnessing the Anti-Cancer Capacities of Oncolytic Bacteria. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2004. [PMID: 37514190 PMCID: PMC10384176 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15072004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic bacteria are a classification of bacteria with a natural ability to specifically target solid tumors and, in the process, stimulate a potent immune response. Currently, these include species of Klebsiella, Listeria, Mycobacteria, Streptococcus/Serratia (Coley's Toxin), Proteus, Salmonella, and Clostridium. Advancements in techniques and methodology, including genetic engineering, create opportunities to "hijack" typical host-pathogen interactions and subsequently harness oncolytic capacities. Engineering, sometimes termed "domestication", of oncolytic bacterial species is especially beneficial when solid tumors are inaccessible or metastasize early in development. This review examines reported oncolytic bacteria-host immune interactions and details the known mechanisms of these interactions to the protein level. A synopsis of the presented membrane surface molecules that elicit particularly promising oncolytic capacities is paired with the stimulated localized and systemic immunogenic effects. In addition, oncolytic bacterial progression toward clinical translation through engineering efforts are discussed, with thorough attention given to strains that have accomplished Phase III clinical trial initiation. In addition to therapeutic mitigation after the tumor has formed, some bacterial species, referred to as "prophylactic", may even be able to prevent or "derail" tumor formation through anti-inflammatory capabilities. These promising species and their particularly favorable characteristics are summarized as well. A complete understanding of the bacteria-host interaction will likely be necessary to assess anti-cancer capacities and unlock the full cancer therapeutic potential of oncolytic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Roe
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, UT 84738, USA
| | - Kevin Seely
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, UT 84738, USA
| | - Caleb J Bussard
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO 80130, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth G Mouw
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, UT 84738, USA
| | - Kenneth W Bayles
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Michael A Hollingsworth
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Amanda E Brooks
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, UT 84738, USA
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO 80130, USA
- Office of Research & Scholarly Activity, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, UT 84738, USA
| | - Kaitlin M Dailey
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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4
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<italic>Salmonella typhimurium</italic> may support cancer treatment: a review. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:331-342. [PMID: 36786073 PMCID: PMC10160236 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
<p indent="0mm">Antitumour treatments are evolving, including bacteria-mediated cancer therapy which is concurrently an ancient and cutting-edge approach. <italic>Salmonella typhimurium</italic> is a widely studied bacterial species that colonizes tumor tissues, showing oncolytic and immune system-regulating properties. It can be used as a delivery vector for genes and drugs, supporting conventional treatments that lack tumor-targeting abilities. This article summarizes recent evidence on the anticancer mechanisms of <italic>S</italic>. <italic>typhimurium</italic> alone and in combination with other anticancer treatments, suggesting that it may be a suitable approach to disease management. </p>.
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Becerra-Báez EI, Meza-Toledo SE, Muñoz-López P, Flores-Martínez LF, Fraga-Pérez K, Magaño-Bocanegra KJ, Juárez-Hernández U, Mateos-Chávez AA, Luria-Pérez R. Recombinant Attenuated Salmonella enterica as a Delivery System of Heterologous Molecules in Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174224. [PMID: 36077761 PMCID: PMC9454573 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer is among the main causes of death of millions of individuals worldwide. Although survival has improved with conventional treatments, the appearance of resistant cancer cells leads to patient relapses. It is, therefore, necessary to find new antitumor therapies that can completely eradicate transformed cells. Bacteria-based tumor therapy represents a promising alternative treatment, particularly the use of live-attenuated Salmonella enterica, with its potential use as a delivery system of antitumor heterologous molecules such as tumor-associated antigens, cytotoxic molecules, immunomodulatory molecules, pro-apoptotic proteins, nucleic acids, and nanoparticles. In this review, we present the state of the art of current preclinical and clinical research on the use of Salmonella enterica as a potential therapeutic ally in the war against cancer. Abstract Over a century ago, bacterial extracts were found to be useful in cancer therapy, but this treatment modality was obviated for decades. Currently, in spite of the development and advances in chemotherapies and radiotherapy, failure of these conventional treatments still represents a major issue in the complete eradication of tumor cells and has led to renewed approaches with bacteria-based tumor therapy as an alternative treatment. In this context, live-attenuated bacteria, particularly Salmonella enterica, have demonstrated tumor selectivity, intrinsic oncolytic activity, and the ability to induce innate or specific antitumor immune responses. Moreover, Salmonella enterica also has strong potential as a delivery system of tumor-associated antigens, cytotoxic molecules, immunomodulatory molecules, pro-apoptotic proteins, and nucleic acids into eukaryotic cells, in a process known as bactofection and antitumor nanoparticles. In this review, we present the state of the art of current preclinical and clinical research on the use of Salmonella enterica as a potential therapeutic ally in the war against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elayne Irene Becerra-Báez
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Sergio Enrique Meza-Toledo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Paola Muñoz-López
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Luis Fernando Flores-Martínez
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Karla Fraga-Pérez
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Kevin Jorge Magaño-Bocanegra
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Uriel Juárez-Hernández
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Armando Alfredo Mateos-Chávez
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Rosendo Luria-Pérez
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-52289917 (ext. 4401)
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6
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Oshiro H, Tome Y, Miyake K, Higuchi T, Sugisawa N, Kanaya F, Nishida K, Hoffman RM. An mTOR and VEGFR inhibitor combination arrests a doxorubicin resistant lung metastatic osteosarcoma in a PDOX mouse model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8583. [PMID: 33883561 PMCID: PMC8060249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87553-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to identify more effective therapy for recalcitrant osteosarcoma, we evaluated the efficacy of an mTOR-VEGFR inhibitor combination on tumor growth in a unique osteosarcoma patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model derived from the lung metastasis of an osteosarcoma patient who failed doxorubicin therapy. We also determined the efficacy of this inhibitor combination on angiogenesis using an in vivo Gelfoam fluorescence angiogenesis mouse model implanted with osteosarcoma patient-derived cells (OS-PDCs). PDOX models were randomly divided into five groups of seven nude mice. Group 1, control; Group 2, doxorubicin (DOX); Group 3, everolimus (EVE, an mTOR and VEGF inhibitor); Group 4, pazopanib (PAZ, a VEGFR inhibitor); Group 5, EVE-PAZ combination. Tumor volume and body weight were monitored 2 times a week. The in vivo Gelfoam fluorescence angiogenesis assay was performed with implanted OS-PDCs. The nude mice with implanted Gelfoam and OSPDCs also were divided into the four therapeutic groups and vessel length was monitored once a week. The EVE-PAZ combination suppressed tumor growth in the osteosarcoma PDOX model and decreased the vessel length ratio in the in vivo Gelfoam fluorescent angiogenesis model, compared with all other groups (p < 0.05). There was no significant body-weight loss in any group. Only the EVE-PAZ combination caused tumor necrosis. The present study demonstrates that a combination of an mTOR-VEGF inhibitor and a VEGFR inhibitor was effective for a DOX-resistant lung-metastatic osteosarcoma PDOX mouse model, at least in part due to strong anti-angiogenesis efficacy of the combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Oshiro
- AntiCancer Inc., 7917 Ostrow Street, San Diego, CA, 92122, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara-cho, Nakagami-gun, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Yasunori Tome
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara-cho, Nakagami-gun, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., 7917 Ostrow Street, San Diego, CA, 92122, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Higuchi
- AntiCancer Inc., 7917 Ostrow Street, San Diego, CA, 92122, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Norihiko Sugisawa
- AntiCancer Inc., 7917 Ostrow Street, San Diego, CA, 92122, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Fuminori Kanaya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara-cho, Nakagami-gun, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Kotaro Nishida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara-cho, Nakagami-gun, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc., 7917 Ostrow Street, San Diego, CA, 92122, USA. .,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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7
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Zhang Z, Hu K, Miyake K, Kiyuna T, Oshiro H, Wangsiricharoen S, Kawaguchi K, Higuchi T, Razmjooei S, Miyake M, Chawla SP, Singh SR, Hoffman RM. A novel patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model of highly-aggressive liver metastasis for identification of candidate effective drug-combinations. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20105. [PMID: 33208807 PMCID: PMC7676248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76708-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver metastasis is a recalcitrant disease that usually leads to death of the patient. The present study established a unique patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse model of a highly aggressive liver metastasis of colon cancer. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate proof-of-concept that candidate drug combinations could significantly inhibit growth and re-metastasis of this recalcitrant tumor. The patient’s liver metastasis was initially established subcutaneously in nude mice and the subcutaneous tumor tissue was then orthotopically implanted in the liver of nude mice to establish a PDOX model. Two studies were performed to test different drugs or drug combination, indicating that 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) + irinotecan (IRI) + bevacizumab (BEV) and regorafenib (REG) + selumetinib (SEL) had significantly inhibited liver metastasis growth (p = 0.013 and p = 0.035, respectively), and prevented liver satellite metastasis. This study is proof of concept that a PDOX model of highly aggressive colon-cancer metastasis can identify effective drug combinations and that the model has future clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Zhang
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Oncology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiwen Hu
- Department of Oncology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hiromichi Oshiro
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Higuchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Shree Ram Singh
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA. .,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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8
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Sun YU, Nishino H, Zhao M, Miyake K, Sugisawa N, Yamamoto J, Tashiro Y, Inubushi S, Hamada K, Zhu G, Lim H, Hoffman RM. A Non-invasive Imageable GFP-expressing Mouse Model of Orthotopic Human Bladder Cancer. In Vivo 2020; 34:3225-3231. [PMID: 33144427 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM A more realistic mouse model of bladder cancer is necessary to develop effective drugs for the disease. Tumor models enhanced by bright fluorescent-reporter genes to follow the disease in real-time would enhance the ability to accurately predict the efficacy of various therapeutics on this particularly-malignant human cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS A highly-fluorescent green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing bladder cancer model was orthotopically established in nude mice using the UM-UC-3 human bladder-cancer cell line (UM-UC-3-GFP). Fragments from a subcutaneous tumor of UM-UC-3-GFP were surgically implanted into the nude mouse bladder. Non-invasive and intra-vital fluorescence imaging was obtained with a simple imaging box. RESULTS The GFP-expressing orthotopic bladder tumor was imaged in real-time non-invasively as well as intra-vitally, with the two methods correlating at r=0.99. CONCLUSION This is the first non-invasive-fluorescence-imaging orthotopic model of bladder cancer and can be used for rapidly screening novel effective agents for this recalcitrant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y U Sun
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Hiroto Nishino
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Ming Zhao
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Norihiko Sugisawa
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Jun Yamamoto
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Yoshihiko Tashiro
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Sachiko Inubushi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Kazuyuki Hamada
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Guangwei Zhu
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Hyein Lim
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A. .,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
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9
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Rather RA, Bhagat M, Singh SK. Oncogenic BRAF, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and autophagy: Crosstalk and therapeutic targets in cutaneous melanoma. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 785:108321. [PMID: 32800272 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BRAF is a member of the RAF family of serine/threonine-specific protein kinases. Oncogenic BRAF, in particular, BRAF V600E, can disturb the normal protein folding machinery in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leading to accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins in the ER lumen, a condition known as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. To alleviate such conditions, ER-stressed cells have developed a highly robust and adaptable signaling network known as unfolded protein response (UPR). UPR is ordinarily a cytoprotective response and usually operates through the induction of autophagy, an intracellular lysosomal degradation pathway that directs damaged proteins, protein aggregates, and damaged organelles for bulk degradation and recycling. Both ER stress and autophagy are involved in the progression and chemoresistance of melanoma. Melanoma, which arises as a result of malignant transformation of melanocytes, exhibits exceptionally high therapeutic resistance. Many mechanisms of therapeutic resistance have been identified in individual melanoma patients and in preclinical BRAF-driven melanoma models. Recently, it has been recognized that oncogenic BRAF interacts with GRP78 and removes its inhibitory influence on the three fundamental ER stress sensors of UPR, PERK, IRE1α, and ATF6. Dissociation of GRP78 from these ER stress sensors prompts UPR that subsequently activates cytoprotective autophagy. Thus, pharmacological inhibition of BRAF-induced ER stress-mediated autophagy can potentially resensitize BRAF mutant melanoma tumors to apoptosis. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of how oncogenic BRAF elevates the basal level of ER stress-mediated autophagy in melanoma tumors is not well characterized. A better understanding of the crosstalk between oncogenic BRAF, ER stress and autophagy may provide a rationale for improving existing cancer therapies and identify novel targets for therapeutic intervention of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafiq A Rather
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180006, India.
| | - Madhulika Bhagat
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180006, India
| | - Shashank K Singh
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
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10
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Rius-Rocabert S, Llinares Pinel F, Pozuelo MJ, García A, Nistal-Villan E. Oncolytic bacteria: past, present and future. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 366:5521890. [PMID: 31226708 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
More than a century ago, independent groups raised the possibility of using bacteria to selectively infect tumours. Such treatment induces an immune reaction that can cause tumour rejection and protect the patient against further recurrences. One of the first holistic approximations to use bacteria in cancer treatment was performed by William Coley, considered the father of immune-therapy, at the end of XIX century. Since then, many groups have used different bacteria to test their antitumour activity in animal models and patients. The basis for this reactivity implies that innate immune responses activated upon bacteria recognition, also react against the tumour. Different publications have addressed several aspects of oncolytic bacteria. In the present review, we will focus on revisiting the historical aspects using bacteria as oncolytic agents and how they led to the current clinical trials. In addition, we address the molecules present in oncolytic bacteria that induce specific toxic effects against the tumors as well as the activation of host immune responses in order to trigger antitumour immunity. Finally, we discuss future perspectives that could be considered in the different fields implicated in the implementation of this kind of therapy in order to improve the current use of bacteria as oncolytic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Rius-Rocabert
- Microbiology Section, Pharmaceutical and Health Science Department. Faculty of Pharmacy. Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA). San Pablo-CEU University. CEU Universities, Campus Montepríncipe. Boadilla del Monte, E-28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Llinares Pinel
- Microbiology Section, Pharmaceutical and Health Science Department. Faculty of Pharmacy. Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA). San Pablo-CEU University. CEU Universities, Campus Montepríncipe. Boadilla del Monte, E-28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Pozuelo
- Microbiology Section, Pharmaceutical and Health Science Department. Faculty of Pharmacy. Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA). San Pablo-CEU University. CEU Universities, Campus Montepríncipe. Boadilla del Monte, E-28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonia García
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, San Pablo-CEU University, Boadilla del Monte, E-28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Estanislao Nistal-Villan
- Microbiology Section, Pharmaceutical and Health Science Department. Faculty of Pharmacy. Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA). San Pablo-CEU University. CEU Universities, Campus Montepríncipe. Boadilla del Monte, E-28668 Madrid, Spain
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11
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Higuchi T, Yamamoto J, Sugisawa N, Tashiro Y, Nishino H, Yamamoto N, Hayashi K, Kimura H, Miwa S, Igarashi K, Bouvet M, Singh SR, Tsuchiya H, Hoffman RM. PPARγ Agonist Pioglitazone in Combination With Cisplatinum Arrests a Chemotherapy-resistant Osteosarcoma PDOX Model. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2020; 17:35-40. [PMID: 31882549 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Cisplatinum (CDDP) is a first-line drug in osteosarcoma treatment and the acquisition of resistance to CDDP is associated with a poor prognosis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a nuclear hormone receptor that plays important roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, development, metabolism and cell death. Recently, PPARγ was reported to enhance the efficacy, overcome resistance, and decrease the toxicity of CDDP in various human cancers. In this study we tested whether pioglitazone (PIO), a PPARγ agonist, could overcome CDDP resistance in osteosarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we used a human osteosarcoma cell line and a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) models of osteosarcoma. We measured cell viability of 143B human osteosarcoma cells when treated with CDDP and PIO. We randomized PDOX models of osteosarcoma into four treatment groups: Group 1, Untreated control; Group 2, PIO alone; Group 3, CDDP alone; Group 4, a combination of CDDP and PIO. Each group comprised six mice. Mice were treated for 14 days and tumor size and body weight were measured. RESULTS Cell viability of 143B human osteosarcoma cells was significantly reduced when PIO (50 μmol/l) was combined with CDDP compared to CDDP alone. PDOX osteosarcoma tumors treated with the CDDP-PIO combination showed the strongest tumor growth inhibition compared to other treatment groups. PDOX osteosarcoma tumors treated with the CDDP-PIO combination had the least cancer cells and the most necrosis in histological section. CONCLUSION These results suggest that combining PIO along with CDDP could be an effective treatment strategy for osteosarcoma and has important clinical potential for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Higuchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Jun Yamamoto
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Norihiko Sugisawa
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Yoshihiko Tashiro
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Hiroto Nishino
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kimura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Miwa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Basic Research Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, U.S.A.
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A. .,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
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12
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Park JH, Han Q, Zhao M, Tan Y, Higuchi T, Yoon SN, Sugisawa N, Yamamoto J, Bouvet M, Clary B, Singh SR, Hoffman RM. Oral recombinant methioninase combined with oxaliplatinum and 5-fluorouracil regressed a colon cancer growing on the peritoneal surface in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft mouse model. Tissue Cell 2019; 61:109-114. [PMID: 31759402 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of oral recombinant methioninase (o-rMETase) on a model of colon cancer growing on the peritoneal surface using a patients-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse model. Forty PDOX mouse models with colon cancer growing on the peritoneum were divided into 4 groups of 10 mice each by measuring the tumor size and fluorescence intensity: untreated control; 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (50 mg/kg, once a week for two weeks, ip) and oxaliplatinum (OXA) (6 mg/kg, once a week for two weeks, ip); o-rMETase (100 units/day, oral 14 consecutive days); combination 5-FU + OXA and o-rMETase. All treatments inhibited tumor growth compared to the untreated control. The combination of 5-FU + OXA plus o-rMETase was significantly more efficacious than the control and each drug alone and was the only treatment that caused tumor regression. The present study is the first demonstrating the efficacy of o-rMETase combination therapy on a PDOX model of peritoneal colon cancer, suggesting potential clinical development of o-rMETase in a recalcitrant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Park
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Takashi Higuchi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Norihiko Sugisawa
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jun Yamamoto
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bryan Clary
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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13
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Miyake K, Kawaguchi K, Kiyuna T, Miyake M, Igarashi K, Zhang Z, Murakami T, Li Y, Nelson SD, Elliott I, Russell T, Singh A, Hiroshima Y, Momiyama M, Matsuyama R, Chishima T, Endo I, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Regorafenib regresses an imatinib-resistant recurrent gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) with a mutation in exons 11 and 17 of c-kit in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse model. Cell Cycle 2019; 17:722-727. [PMID: 29334307 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1423223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) with a mutation in exons 11 and 17 of c-kit is a rare type of sarcoma. The aim of this study was to determine drug sensitivity for a regionally-recurrent case of GIST using a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. The PDOX model was established in the anterior wall of the stomach. GIST PDOX models were randomized into 5 groups of 6 mice each when the tumor volume reached 60 mm3: G1, control group; G2, imatinib group (oral administration (p.o.), daily, for 3 weeks); G3, sunitinib group (p.o., daily, for 3 weeks); G4, regorafenib (p.o., daily, for 3 weeks); G5, pazopanib (p.o., daily, for 3 weeks). All mice were sacrificed on day 22. Tumor volume was evaluated on day 0 and day 22 by laparotomy. Body weight were measured 2 times per week. Though regorafenib is third-line therapy for GIST, it was the most effective drug and regressed the tumor significantly (p < 0.001). Sunitinib suppressed tumor growth compared to the control group (p = 0.002). Imatinib, first-line therapy for GIST, and pazopanib did not have significant efficacy compared to the control group (p = 0.886, p = 0.766). The implications of this result is discussed for GIST patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Miyake
- a AntiCancer Inc. , San Diego , CA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA.,c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- a AntiCancer Inc. , San Diego , CA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- a AntiCancer Inc. , San Diego , CA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- a AntiCancer Inc. , San Diego , CA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA.,c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- a AntiCancer Inc. , San Diego , CA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- a AntiCancer Inc. , San Diego , CA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA
| | - Takashi Murakami
- a AntiCancer Inc. , San Diego , CA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA.,c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Yunfeng Li
- e Deparment of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- e Deparment of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA
| | - Irmina Elliott
- f Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA
| | - Tara Russell
- f Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA
| | - Arun Singh
- d Division of Hematology-Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA
| | - Yukihiko Hiroshima
- c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Masashi Momiyama
- c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Ryusei Matsuyama
- c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Takashi Chishima
- c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Itaru Endo
- c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- f Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- a AntiCancer Inc. , San Diego , CA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA
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14
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Higuchi T, Sugisawa N, Miyake K, Oshiro H, Yamamoto N, Hayashi K, Kimura H, Miwa S, Igarashi K, Kline Z, Bouvet M, Singh SR, Tsuchiya H, Hoffman RM. Pioglitazone, an agonist of PPARγ, reverses doxorubicin-resistance in an osteosarcoma patient-derived orthotopic xenograft model by downregulating P-glycoprotein expression. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109356. [PMID: 31545293 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) which results in chemoresistance is a major problem in osteosarcoma. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) plays a critical role in MDR by pumping out chemotherapy agents. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor involved in cellular differentiation and proliferation. Recently, a correlation between the expression and activity of PPARγ and the expression of P-gp-associated with MDR, has been reported in several human cancers. The present study determined if pioglitazone (PIO), a PPARγ agonist, could modulate P-gp and overcome doxorubicin (DOX)-resistance in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model of osteosarcoma. P-gp mRNA expression was quantified in 143B human osteosarcoma cells treated with DOX with/without PIO. The osteosarcoma PDOX models were randomized into four treatment groups of six mice: Control; PIO alone; DOX alone; DOX and PIO combination. Tumor size and body weight were measured during the 14 days of treatment. DOX significantly induced P-gp mRNA in a dose-dependent manner in 143B cells. PIO inhibited the increase of P-gp mRNA induced by DOX treatment when co-administrated with DOX. Tumor growth was inhibited the most by the DOX-PIO combination. Tumors treated with the DOX-PIO combination also had the most tumor necrosis. This study suggests that the DOX-PIO combination could be used in the clinic for osteosarcoma patients who develop DOX-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Higuchi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Norihiko Sugisawa
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hiromichi Oshiro
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kimura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Miwa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Zoey Kline
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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15
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Miyake K, Murata T, Murakami T, Zhao M, Kiyuna T, Kawaguchi K, Igarashi K, Miyake M, Lwin TM, Hozumi C, Komatsu S, Kikuchi T, Bouvet M, Shimoya K, Singh SR, Endo I, Hoffman RM. Tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R overcomes nab-paclitaxel resistance in a cervical cancer PDOX mouse model. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2019; 299:1683-1690. [PMID: 30953192 PMCID: PMC11066583 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-019-05147-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cervical cancer is a recalcitrant disease. To help overcome this problem, we previously established a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model of cervical cancer. In the previous study, we found the tumor to be resistant to nab-paclitaxal (nab-PTX). We also previously developed the tumor-targeting bacteria Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (S. typhimurium A1-R). The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of S. typhimurium A1-R to overcome nab-PTX resistance in the cervical cancer PDOX model. METHODS Cervical-cancer tumor fragments were implanted orthotopically into the neck of the uterus of nude mice. The cervical-cancer PDOX models were randomized into the following four groups after the tumor volume reached 60 mm3: G1: untreated group; G2: nab-PTX (i.v., 10 mg/kg, biweekly, 3 weeks); G3: Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (i.v., 5 × 107 CFU/body, weekly, 3 weeks); G4: nab-PTX combined with Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (nab-PTX, 10 mg/kg, i.v., biweekly, 3 weeks; S. typhimurium A1-R, 5 × 107 CFU/body, i.v., weekly, 3 weeks). Each group comprised eight mice. All mice were sacrificed on day 22. Tumor volume was measured on day 0 and day 22. Body weight was measured twice a week. RESULTS Nab-PTX and Salmonella typhimurium A1-R did not show significant efficacy as monotherapy compared to the control group (P = 0.564 and P = 0.120, respectively). In contrast, nab-PTX combined with Salmonella typhimurium A1-R significantly suppressed tumor growth compared to the untreated control group and nab-PTX group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.026, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Salmonella typhimurium A1-R has potential future clinical application to overcome drug resistance in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takuya Murata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Takashi Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Thinzar M Lwin
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Koichiro Shimoya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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16
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Efficacy of Recombinant Methioninase (rMETase) on Recalcitrant Cancer Patient-Derived Orthotopic Xenograft (PDOX) Mouse Models: A Review. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050410. [PMID: 31052611 PMCID: PMC6562625 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
An excessive requirement for methionine (MET), termed MET dependence, appears to be a general metabolic defect in cancer and has been shown to be a very effective therapeutic target. MET restriction (MR) has inhibited the growth of all major cancer types by selectively arresting cancer cells in the late-S/G2 phase, when they also become highly sensitive to cytotoxic agents. Recombinant methioninase (rMETase) has been developed to effect MR. The present review describes the efficacy of rMETase on patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) models of recalcitrant cancer, including the surprising result that rMETase administrated orally can be highly effective.
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17
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Ashu EE, Xu J, Yuan ZC. Bacteria in Cancer Therapeutics: A Framework for Effective Therapeutic Bacterial Screening and Identification. J Cancer 2019; 10:1781-1793. [PMID: 31205534 PMCID: PMC6547982 DOI: 10.7150/jca.31699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
By 2030, the global incidence of cancer is expected to increase by approximately 50%. However, most conventional therapies still lack cancer selectivity, which can have severe unintended side effects on healthy body tissue. Despite being an unconventional and contentious therapy, the last two decades have seen a significant renaissance of bacterium-mediated cancer therapy (BMCT). Although promising, most present-day therapeutic bacterial candidates have not shown satisfactory efficacy, effectiveness, or safety. Furthermore, therapeutic bacterial candidates are available to only a few of the approximately 200 existing cancer types. Excitingly, the recent surge in BMCT has piqued the interest of non-BMCT microbiologists. To help advance these interests, in this paper we reviewed important aspects of cancer, present-day cancer treatments, and historical aspects of BMCT. Here, we provided a four-step framework that can be used in screening and identifying bacteria with cancer therapeutic potential, including those that are uncultivable. Systematic methodologies such as the ones suggested here could prove valuable to new BMCT researchers, including experienced non-BMCT researchers in possession of extensive knowledge and resources of bacterial genomics. Lastly, our analyses highlight the need to establish and standardize quantitative methods that can be used to identify and compare bacteria with important cancer therapeutic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eta E. Ashu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jianping Xu
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ze-Chun Yuan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Oshiro H, Tome Y, Kiyuna T, Miyake K, Kawaguchi K, Higuchi T, Miyake M, Zang Z, Razmjooei S, Barangi M, Wangsiricharoen S, Nelson SD, Li Y, Bouvet M, Singh SR, Kanaya F, Hoffman RM. Temozolomide targets and arrests a doxorubicin-resistant follicular dendritic-cell sarcoma patient-derived orthotopic xenograft mouse model. Tissue Cell 2019; 58:17-23. [PMID: 31133242 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) is a very rare and highly recalcitrant disease. A patient's doxorubicin-resistant FDCS was previously established orthotopically on the right high thigh into the biceps femoris of mice to establish a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. The aim of the present manuscript was to identify an effective drug for this recalcitrant tumor. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of temozolomide (TMZ), trabectedin (TRAB) and pazopanib (PAZ) on the FDCS PDOX model. PDOX mouse models were randomized into five groups of eight to nine mice, respectively. Group 1, untreated control with PBS, i.p.; Group 2, treated with doxorubicin (DOX), 2.4 mg/kg, i.p., weekly for 3 weeks; Group 3, treated with PAZ, 50 mg/kg, oral gavage, daily for 3 weeks; Group 4, treated with TMZ, 25 mg/kg, oral gavage, daily for 3 weeks; Group 5, treated with TRAB, 0.15 mg/kg, i.v., weekly for 3 weeks. Body weight and tumor volume were assessed 2 times per week. TMZ arrested the FDCS PDOX model compared to the control group (p < 0.05). PAZ and TRAB did not have significant efficacy compared to the control group (p = 0.99, p = 0.69 respectively). The PDOX tumor was resistant to DOX (p= 0.99). as was the patient. The present study demonstrates that TMZ is effective for a PDOX model of FDCS established from a patient who failed DOX treatment, further demonstrating the power of PDOX to identify effective therapy including for tumors that failed first line therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Oshiro
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yasunori Tome
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Higuchi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zhiying Zang
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sahar Razmjooei
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Maryam Barangi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sintawat Wangsiricharoen
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Fuminori Kanaya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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A patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude-mouse model precisely identifies effective and ineffective therapies for recurrent leiomyosarcoma. Pharmacol Res 2019; 142:169-175. [PMID: 30807865 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Leiomyosarcoma is a rare and recalcitrant disease. Doxorubicin (DOX) is usually considered first-line treatment for this disease, but frequently is ineffective. In order to individualize therapy for this and other cancers, we have developed the patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model. In the present study, we implanted a recurrent leiomyosarcoma from a resected tumor from the patient's thigh into the femoral muscle of nude mice. The following drugs were tested on the leiomyosarcoma PDOX model: DOX, the combination of gemcitabine (GEM) and docetaxel (DOC), trabectedin (TRA), temozolomide (TEM), pazopanib (PAZ) and olaratumab (OLA). Of these agents GEM/DOC, TRA and TEM were highly effective in the leiomyosarcoma PDOX model, the other agents, including first-line therapy DOX, were ineffective. Thus the leiomyosarcoma PDOX model could precisely distinguish effective and ineffective drugs, demonstrating the potential of the PDOX model for leiomyosarcoma treatment.
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20
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Methioninase Cell-Cycle Trap Cancer Chemotherapy. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1866:133-148. [PMID: 30725413 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8796-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells are methionine (MET) dependent compared to normal cells as they have an elevated requirement for MET in order to proliferate. MET restriction selectively traps cancer cells in the S/G2 phase of the cell cycle. The cell cycle phase can be visualized by color coding with the fluorescence ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (FUCCI). Recombinant methioninase (rMETase) is an enzyme that effectively degrades MET. rMETase induces S/G2-phase blockage of cancer cells which is identified by the cancer cells' green fluorescence with FUCCI imaging. Cancer cells in G1/G0 are the majority of the cells in solid tumors and are resistant to the chemotherapy. Treatment of cancer cells with standard chemotherapy drugs only led to the majority of the cancer cell population being arrested in G0/G1 phase, identified by the cancer cells' red fluorescence in the FUCCI system. The G0/G1-phase cancer cells are chemo-resistant. Tumor targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (S. typhimurium A1-R) was used to decoy quiescent G0/G1 stomach cancer cells growing in nude mice to cycle, with subsequent rMETase treatment to selectively trap the decoyed cancer cells in S/G2 phase, which made them highly sensitive to chemotherapy. Subsequent cisplatinum (CDDP) or paclitaxel (PTX) chemotherapy was then administered to kill the decoyed and trapped cancer cells, which completely prevented or regressed tumor growth. In a subsequent experiment, a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model of recurrent CDDP-resistant metastatic osteosarcoma was eradicated by the combination of Salmonella typhimurium A1-R decoy, rMETase S/G2-phase cell cycle trap, and CDDP cell kill. Salmonella typhimurium A1-R and rMETase pre-treatment thereby overcame CDDP resistance. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the new chemotherapy paradigm of "decoy, trap, and kill" chemotherapy.
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21
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Miyake K, Kiyuna T, Li S, Han Q, Tan Y, Zhao M, Oshiro H, Kawaguchi K, Higuchi T, Zhang Z, Razmjooei S, Barangi M, Wangsiricharoen S, Murakami T, Singh AS, Li Y, Nelson SD, Eilber FC, Bouvet M, Hiroshima Y, Chishima T, Matsuyama R, Singh SR, Endo I, Hoffman RM. Combining Tumor-Selective Bacterial Therapy with Salmonella typhimurium A1-R and Cancer Metabolism Targeting with Oral Recombinant Methioninase Regressed an Ewing's Sarcoma in a Patient-Derived Orthotopic Xenograft Model. Chemotherapy 2019; 63:278-283. [PMID: 30673664 DOI: 10.1159/000495574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ewing's sarcoma (ES) is a recalcitrant disease in need of transformative therapeutics. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of tumor-selective Salmonella typhimurium A1-R combined with tumor metabolism targeting with oral administration of recombinant methioninase (o-rMETase), on an ES patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. METHODS The ES PDOX models were previously established in the right chest wall. The ES PDOX models were randomized into 5 groups when the tumor volume reached 80 mm3: G1: untreated control; G2: doxorubicin; G3: S. typhimurium A1-R; G4: o-rMETase; G5: S. typhimurium A1-R combined with o-rMETase. All mice were sacrificed on day 15. Body weight and tumor volume were assessed twice a week. RESULTS S. typhimurium A1-R and o-rMETase respectively suppressed tumor growth as monotherapies (p = 0.050 and p = 0.032). S. typhimurium A1-R combined with o-rMETase regressed tumor growth significantly compared to untreated group on day 15 (p < 0.032). S. typhimurium A1-R combined with o-rMETase group was significantly more effective than S. typhimurium A1-R or o-rMETase monotherapy (p = 0.032, p = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that the combination of S. typhimurium A1-R and o-rMETase has promise to be a transformative therapy for ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Shukuan Li
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Yuying Tan
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ming Zhao
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Hiromichi Oshiro
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Takashi Higuchi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Takashi Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Arun S Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Yukihiko Hiroshima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Chishima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryusei Matsuyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, California, USA, .,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA,
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22
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Hoffman RM, Han Q, Kawaguchi K, Li S, Tan Y. Afterword: Oral Methioninase-Answer to Cancer and Fountain of Youth? Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1866:311-322. [PMID: 30725426 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8796-2_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The elevated methionine (MET) requirement of cancer cells is termed MET dependence and is possibly the only known general metabolic defect in cancer. Targeting MET by recombinant methioninase (rMETase) can arrest the growth of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo due to their elevated requirement for MET. rMETase can also potentiate chemotherapy drugs active in S phase due to the selective arrest of cancer cells in S/G2 phase during MET restriction (MR). We previously reported that rMETase, administrated by intraperitoneal injection (ip-rMETase), could inhibit tumor growth in mouse models of cancer including patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse models. We subsequently compared ip-rMETase and oral rMETase (o-rMETase) on a melanoma PDOX mouse model. o-rMETase was significantly more effective than ip-rMETase to inhibit tumor growth without overt toxicity. The combination of o-rMETase+ip-rMETase was significantly more effective than either monotherapy and completely arrested tumor growth. Thus, o-rMETase is effective as an anticancer agent with the potential of clinical development for chronic cancer therapy as well as for cancer prevention. o-rMETase may also have potential as an antiaging agent for healthy people, since MR has been shown to extend the life span of a variety of different organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA. .,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | | | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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23
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Kiyuna T, Tome Y, Murakami T, Miyake K, Igarashi K, Kawaguchi K, Oshiro H, Higuchi T, Miyake M, Sugisawa N, Zhang Z, Razmjooei S, Wangsiricharoen S, Chmielowski B, Nelson SD, Russell TA, Dry SM, Li Y, Eckardt MA, Singh AS, Chawla S, Kanaya F, Eilber FC, Singh SR, Zhao M, Hoffman RM. A combination of irinotecan/cisplatinum and irinotecan/temozolomide or tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R arrest doxorubicin- and temozolomide-resistant myxofibrosarcoma in a PDOX mouse model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 505:733-739. [PMID: 30292411 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) is the most common sarcomas in elderly patients and is either chemo-resistant or recurs with metastasis after chemotherapy. This recalcitrant cancer in need of improved treatment. We have established a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) of MFS. The MFS PDOX model was established in the biceps femoris of nude mice and randomized into 7 groups of 7 mice each: control; doxorubicin (DOX); pazopanib (PAZ); temozolomide (TEM); Irinotecan (IRN); IRN combined with TEM; IRN combined with cisplatinum (CDDP) and Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (S. typhimurium A1-R). Treatment was evaluated by relative tumor volume and relative body weight. The MFS PDOX models were DOX, PAZ, and TEM resistant. IRN combined with TEM and IRN combined with CDDP were most effective on the MFS PDOX. S. typhimurium A1-R arrested the MFS PDOX tumor. There was no significant body weight loss in any group. The present study suggests that the combination of IRN with either TEM or CDDP, and S. typhimurium have clinical potential for MFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yasunori Tome
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hiromichi Oshiro
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Higuchi
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Norihiko Sugisawa
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tara A Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark A Eckardt
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Arun S Singh
- Div. of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sant Chawla
- Sarcoma Oncology Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA.
| | - Fuminori Kanaya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | | | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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24
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Kawaguchi K, Miyake K, Zhao M, Kiyuna T, Igarashi K, Miyake M, Higuchi T, Oshiro H, Bouvet M, Unno M, Hoffman RM. Tumor targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R in combination with gemcitabine (GEM) regresses partially GEM-resistant pancreatic cancer patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse models. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:2019-2026. [PMID: 29963961 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1480223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine (GEM) is first-line therapy for pancreatic cancer but has limited efficacy in most cases. Nanoparticle-albumin bound (nab)-paclitaxel is becoming first-line therapy for pancreatic cancer, but also has limited efficacy for pancreatic cancer. Our goal was to improve the treatment outcome in patient-like models of pancreatic cancer. We previously established patient-derived orthotopic xenografts (PDOX) pancreatic cancers from two patients. The pancreatic tumor was implanted orthotopically in the pancreatic tail of nude mice to establish the PDOX models. Five weeks after implantation, 50 PDOX mouse models were randomized into five groups of 10 mice for each pancreatic cancer PDOX: untreated control; GEM (100 mg/kg, i.p., once a week for 2 weeks); GEM + nab-PTX (GEM: 100 mg/kg, i.p., once a week for 2 weeks, nab-PTX: 10 mg/kg, i.v., twice a week for 2 weeks); S. typhimurium A1-R (5 × 107 CFU/100 μl, i.v., once a week for 2 weeks); GEM + S. typhimurium A1-R (GEM: 100 mg/kg, i.p., once a week for 2 weeks, S. typhimurium A1-R; 5 × 107 CFU/100 μl, i.v., once a week for 2 weeks). GEM + nab-PTX was significantly more effective than GEM alone in one PDOX model (p = 0.0004), but there was no significant difference in the other PDOX model. The combination of GEM + S. typhimurium A1-R regressed both PDOX models. These results show S. typhimurium A1-R can overcome the ineffectiveness or partial effectiveness of GEM in patient-like models of pancreatic cancer and demonstrate clinical potential for this combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kawaguchi
- a AntiCancer, Inc ., San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA.,c Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine , Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- a AntiCancer, Inc ., San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Ming Zhao
- a AntiCancer, Inc ., San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- a AntiCancer, Inc ., San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- a AntiCancer, Inc ., San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- a AntiCancer, Inc ., San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Takashi Higuchi
- a AntiCancer, Inc ., San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Hiromichi Oshiro
- a AntiCancer, Inc ., San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Michael Bouvet
- b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Michiaki Unno
- c Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine , Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- a AntiCancer, Inc ., San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
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25
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Miyake K, Kiyuna T, Miyake M, Zhao M, Wangsiricharoen S, Kawaguchi K, Zhang Z, Higuchi T, Razmjooei S, Li Y, Nelson SD, Russell T, Singh A, Murakami T, Hiroshima Y, Momiyama M, Matsuyama R, Chishima T, Singh SR, Chawla SP, Eilber FC, Endo I, Hoffman RM. Tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R overcomes partial carboplatinum-resistance of a cancer of unknown primary (CUP). Tissue Cell 2018; 54:144-149. [PMID: 30309504 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) is metastatic disease without a known primary and therefore very difficult to identify effective therapy. Previously, we demonstrated partial efficacy of Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (S. typhimurium A1-R) alone and carboplatinum alone (CAR) on a CUP patient tumor in the patient-derived xenograft (PDOX) model. The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of S. typhimurium A1-R combined with CAR on the CUP PDOX model. The CUP tumors were implanted orthotopically into the left supraclavicular fossa of nude mice to match the site from which they were resected from the patient. CUP PDOX models were divided randomly into the following 4 groups after the tumor volume reached 100 mm3: G1: untreated group; G2: CAR (30 mg/kg, i.p., weekly, 2 weeks); G3: S. typhimurium A1-R (5x107 CFU/body, i.v., weekly, 2 weeks).; G4: S. typhimurium A1-R combined with CAR (S. typhimurium A1-R; 5x107 CFU/body, i.v., weekly, 2 weeks; CAR, 30 mg/kg, i.p., weekly, 2 weeks). Each group comprised 7 mice. All mice were sacrificed on day 15. Tumor volume and body weight were measured twice a week. S. typhimurium A1-R and CAR moderately inhibited tumor growth compared to the untreated group on day 15 (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). S. typhimurium A1-R combined with CAR inhibited the tumor growth significantly more compared to S. typhimurium A1-R monotherapy or CAR monotherapy on day 15 (P = 0.004 and P = 0.001, respectively). The present report demonstrates that S. typhimurium A1-R can increase the efficacy of a standard drug used for CUP in a PDOX model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | | | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Higuchi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tara Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arun Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Hiroshima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masashi Momiyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryusei Matsuyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Chishima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Sant P Chawla
- Sarcoma Oncology Center, 2811 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 414, Santa Monica, CA 90403, USA.
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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26
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Cancer Immunotherapy: Priming the Host Immune Response with Live Attenuated Salmonella enterica. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:2984247. [PMID: 30302344 PMCID: PMC6158935 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2984247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, cancer immunotherapy has undergone great advances because of our understanding of the immune response and the mechanisms through which tumor cells evade it. A century after the first immunotherapy attempt based on bacterial products described by William Coley, the use of live attenuated bacterial vectors has become a promising alternative in the fight against cancer. This review describes the role of live attenuated Salmonella enterica as an oncolytic and immunotherapeutic agent, due to its high affinity for tumor tissue and its ability to activate innate and adaptive antitumor immune response. Furthermore, its potential use as delivery system of tumor antigens and immunomodulatory molecules that induce tumor regression is also reviewed.
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27
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Kawaguchi K, Higuchi T, Li S, Han Q, Tan Y, Igarashi K, Zhao M, Miyake K, Kiyuna T, Miyake M, Ohshiro H, Sugisawa N, Zhang Z, Razmjooei S, Wangsiricharoen S, Chmielowski B, Nelson SD, Russell TA, Dry SM, Li Y, Eckardt MA, Singh AS, Singh SR, Eilber FC, Unno M, Hoffman RM. Combination therapy of tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R and oral recombinant methioninase regresses a BRAF-V600E-negative melanoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:3086-3092. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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28
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Kawaguchi K, Miyake K, Han Q, Li S, Tan Y, Igarashi K, Kiyuna T, Miyake M, Higuchi T, Oshiro H, Zhang Z, Razmjooei S, Wangsiricharoen S, Bouvet M, Singh SR, Unno M, Hoffman RM. Oral recombinant methioninase (o-rMETase) is superior to injectable rMETase and overcomes acquired gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2018; 432:251-259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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29
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Kawaguchi K, Igarashi K, Miyake K, Kiyuna T, Miyake M, Singh AS, Chmielowski B, Nelson SD, Russell TA, Dry SM, Li Y, Unno M, Singh SR, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Patterns of sensitivity to a panel of drugs are highly individualised for undifferentiated/unclassified soft tissue sarcoma (USTS) in patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude-mouse models. J Drug Target 2018; 27:211-216. [PMID: 30024282 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2018.1499748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Undifferentiated/unclassified soft tissue sarcoma (USTS) is a recalcitrant disease; therefore, precise individualised therapy is needed. Toward this goal, we previously established patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) models of USTS in nude mice. Here, we determined the extent of uniqueness of drug response in a panel on USTS PDOX models from 5 different patients. We previously showed that 3 of the 5 patients were resistant to doxorubicin (DOX) despite DOX being first-line therapy. Two weeks after orthotopic tumour implantation, PDOX mouse models were randomised into five groups: untreated control, DOX, gem-citabine/docetaxel (GEM/DOC), pazopanib (PAZ), temozolomide (TEM). Three PDOX cases were completely resistant to DOX. TEM had high efficacy for 4 USTS PDOX models, including DOX-resistant cases. GEM/DOC and PAZ were effective in three USTS PDOX. One case was completely resistant to TEM. Two cases were completely resistant to PAZ. The results showed the drug sensitivity pattern for each USTS PDOX was highly individualised and that at least one effective drug could be found for each. The PDOX model could be effective in precise individualised drug sensitivity testing which is especially important for heterogeneous cancers such as USTS, and can give the patient a greater chance to be treated with an effective drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kawaguchi
- a AntiCancer, Inc , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA.,c Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine , Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- a AntiCancer, Inc , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- a AntiCancer, Inc , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- a AntiCancer, Inc , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- a AntiCancer, Inc , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA
| | - Arun S Singh
- d Division of Hematology-Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA, USA
| | - Bartosz Chmielowski
- d Division of Hematology-Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA, USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- e Department of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA, USA
| | - Tara A Russell
- f Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA, USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- e Department of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- e Department of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA, USA
| | - Michiaki Unno
- c Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine , Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- g Basic Research Laboratory , National Cancer Institute , Frederick , MD, USA
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- f Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA, USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- a AntiCancer, Inc , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA
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Kiyuna T, Tome Y, Murakami T, Kawaguchi K, Igarashi K, Miyake K, Miyake M, Li Y, Nelson SD, Dry SM, Singh AS, Russell TA, Elliott I, Singh SR, Kanaya F, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Trabectedin arrests a doxorubicin-resistant PDGFRA-activated liposarcoma patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse model. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:840. [PMID: 30126369 PMCID: PMC6102848 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4703-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pleomorphic liposarcoma (PLPS) is a rare, heterogeneous and an aggressive variant of liposarcoma. Therefore, individualized therapy is urgently needed. Our recent reports suggest that trabectedin (TRAB) is effective against several patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse models. Here, we compared the efficacy of first-line therapy, doxorubicin (DOX), and TRAB in a platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFRA)-amplified PLPS. METHODS We used a fresh sample of PLPS tumor derived from a 68-year-old male patient diagnosed with a recurrent PLPS. Subcutaneous implantation of tumor tissue was performed in a nude mouse. After three weeks of implantation, tumor tissues were isolated and cut into small pieces. To match the patient a PDGFRA-amplified PLPS PDOX was created in the biceps femoris of nude mice. Mice were randomized into three groups: Group 1 (G1), control (untreated); Group 2 (G2), DOX-treated; Group 3 (G3), TRAB-treated. Measurement was done twice a week for tumor width, length, and mouse body weight. RESULTS The PLPS PDOX showed resistance towards DOX. However, TRAB could arrest the PLPS (p < 0.05 compared to control; p < 0.05 compared to DOX) without any significant changes in body-weight. CONCLUSIONS The data presented here suggest that for the individual patient the PLPS PDOX model could specifically distinguish both effective and ineffective drugs. This is especially crucial for PLPS because effective first-line therapy is harder to establish if it is not individualized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yasunori Tome
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arun S Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tara A Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Irmina Elliott
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Fuminori Kanaya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA. .,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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31
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Lwin TM, Hoffman RM, Bouvet M. Advantages of patient-derived orthotopic mouse models and genetic reporters for developing fluorescence-guided surgery. J Surg Oncol 2018; 118:253-264. [PMID: 30080930 PMCID: PMC6146062 DOI: 10.1002/jso.25150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence-guided surgery can enhance the surgeon's ability to achieve a complete oncologic resection. There are a number of tumor-specific probes being developed with many preclinical mouse models to evaluate their efficacy. The current review discusses the different preclinical mouse models in the setting of probe evaluation and highlights the advantages of patient-derived orthotopic xenografts (PDOX) mouse models and genetic reporters to develop fluorescence-guided surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thinzar M. Lwin
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
- Department of Surgery, VA Medical Center, San Diego, CA
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32
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Kiyuna T, Tome Y, Murakami T, Zhao M, Miyake K, Igarashi K, Kawaguchi K, Miyake M, Oshiro H, Higuchi T, Li Y, Dry SM, Nelson SD, Russell TA, Eckardt MA, Singh AS, Kanaya F, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R arrests a doxorubicin-resistant PDGFRA-amplified patient-derived orthotopic xenograft mouse model of pleomorphic liposarcoma. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:7827-7833. [PMID: 29932244 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pleomorphic liposarcoma (PLPS) is a recalcitrant soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) subtype in need of transformative therapy. We have previously established a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model, of PLPS with PDGFRA amplification, using surgical orthotopic implantation. In the current study, the PLPS PDOX model was randomized into 3 groups of 7 mice each: untreated control; doxorubicin (DOX)-treated; and treated with Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (S. typhimurium A1-R) expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP). Tumor volume and body weight were monitored during the treatment period. The PLPS PDOX was resistant to DOX. In contrast, the PLPS PDOX was highly sensitive to S. typhimurium A1-R. There was no significant body-weight loss among these 3 groups. Fluorescence imaging demonstrated that S. typhimurium A1-R-GFP was very effective to target the PLPS PDOX tumor. The current study demonstrates that a PLPS PDOX, resistant to first-line therapy DOX, was highly sensitive to tumor targeting S. typhimurium A1-R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yasunori Tome
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Ming Zhao
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, California
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Hiromichi Oshiro
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Takashi Higuchi
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tara A Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mark A Eckardt
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Arun S Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Fuminori Kanaya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
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33
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MEK inhibitor trametinib in combination with gemcitabine regresses a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) pancreatic cancer nude mouse model. Tissue Cell 2018; 52:124-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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34
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Miyake K, Kawaguchi K, Miyake M, Zhao M, Kiyuna T, Igarashi K, Zhang Z, Murakami T, Li Y, Nelson SD, Bouvet M, Elliott I, Russell TA, Singh AS, Hiroshima Y, Momiyama M, Matsuyama R, Chishima T, Singh SR, Endo I, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R suppressed an imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumor with c-kit exon 11 and 17 mutations. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00643. [PMID: 30003151 PMCID: PMC6040627 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a refractory disease in need of novel efficacious therapy. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (S. typhimurium A1-R) using on a patient derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model of imatinib-resistant GIST. The GIST was obtained from a patient with regional recurrence, and implanted in the anterior gastric wall of nude mice. The GIST PDOX mice were randomized into 3 groups of 6 mice each when the tumor volume reached 60 mm3: G1, control group; G2, imatinib group (oral administration [p.o.], daily, for 3 weeks); G3, S. typhimurium A1-R group (intravenous [i.v.] injection, weekly, for 3 weeks). All mice from each group were sacrificed on day 22. Relative tumor volume was estimated by laparotomy on day 0 and day 22. Body weight of the mouse was evaluated 2 times per week. We found that S. typhimurium A1-R significantly reduced tumor growth in contrast to the untreated group (P = 0.001). In addition, we found that S. typhimurium A1-R was more effective compared to imatinib (P = 0.013). Furthermore, Imatinib was not significantly effective compared to the control group (P = 0.462). These results indicate that S. typhimurium A1-R may be new effective therapy for imatinib-resistant GIST and therefore a good candidate for clinical development of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Deptartment of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott D. Nelson
- Deptartment of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Irmina Elliott
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tara A. Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arun S. Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yukihiko Hiroshima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masashi Momiyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryusei Matsuyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Chishima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Fritz C. Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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Xu W, Zhou T, Zhou J, Qiang Z, Zhang J, Hua Z. Attenuated Salmonella VNP20009 mutant (ΔhtrA) is a promising candidate for bacteria-mediated tumour therapy in hosts with TNFR1 deficiency. Lett Appl Microbiol 2018; 67:97-103. [PMID: 29698572 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
VNP20009 is a genetically modified strain of Salmonella typhimurium and has a good anticancer effect wildly used in tumour therapy on animal models. For its clinical application, an accurate bio-safety assessment on sensitive models is necessary. In this study, we use TNFR1 KO mice as a susceptive model to assess the virulence of bacterial VNP20009 and its derivative ΔhtrA. By intraperitoneal administration of Salmonella, the increased lethality was observed in TNFR1 KO mice infected with VNP20009, but not with ΔhtrA. We performed a systemically comparative analysis of their toxicity, and ΔhtrA shows a better bio-safety for TNFR1 KO mice. Since the macrophages with TNFR1 deficiency exhibit a reduced ability of bacteria clearance, ΔhtrA with lower survival ability in normal macrophages restores its viability in TNFR1 KO macrophages. Thus, ΔhtrA was further tested for its antitumour effect in TNFR1 KO mice bearing a B16F10 melanoma model. It displays a moderate antitumour effect, suggesting ΔhtrA instead of VNP20009 might be a promising candidate for bacteria-mediated tumour therapy specific to those with low immunity. SIGNIFICANT AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY VNP20009 is attenuated Salmonella with a good safety widely used for tumour-targeting bacterial therapies. Little is known about its toxicity in hosts with low immunity. This study is the first systemically comparative analysis of their toxicity of VNP20009 and its mutant ΔhtrA in TNFR1-KO mice. Research on toxicity of tumour-targeting Salmonella in mice with immunodeficiency can facilitate the optimization of bacterial therapies with reduced adverse effects in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - T Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Z Qiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University and Jiangsu TargetPharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou, China
| | - Z Hua
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University and Jiangsu TargetPharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen, China
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36
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Kiyuna T, Murakami T, Tome Y, Igarashi K, Kawaguchi K, Miyake K, Miyake M, Li Y, Nelson SD, Dry SM, Singh AS, Russell TA, Singh SR, Kanaya F, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Doxorubicin-resistant pleomorphic liposarcoma with PDGFRA gene amplification is targeted and regressed by pazopanib in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft mouse model. Tissue Cell 2018; 53:30-36. [PMID: 30060824 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pleomorphic liposarcoma (PLPS) is a heterogeneous resistant group of tumors. Complete surgical resection is the only known way to treat PLPS. PLPS is reristant to both radiation and chemotherapy. Therefore, precise individualized therapy is needed to improve outcome of advanced PLPS patients. In this study, a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model of a PDGFRA-amplified PLPS was established in the biceps femoris of nude mice by surgical orthotopic implantation (SOI) in order to match the patient. The PLPS PDOX was treated with pazopanib (PAZ) which targets PDGFRA, as well as with temozolomide (TEM) and first-line therapy doxorubicin (DOX). The PLPS PDOX was resistant to DOX and responded very well to PAZ as well as TEM. The tumor volume on treatment day-14 relative to day-1 was as follows: DOX (4.50 ± 2.6, p = 0.8087); PAZ (1.29 ± 0.9, p = 0.0008 compared to the control, p = 0.0167 compared to DOX); TEM (1.07 ± 0.8, p = 0.0079 compared to the control, p = 0.0079 compared to DOX). There was no significant difference in body weight between any treated group or control. The PAZ- and TEM-treated tumors showed extensive necrosis compared to the DOX-treated and untreated PDOX tumors. The present study showed that PDGFRA amplification could be effectively targeted by PAZ. The PLPS PDOX model also identified the efficacy of TEM which does not target PDGFRA, indicating that the PDOX model can identify effective targeted therapy as well as standard therapy and at the same time, identify ineffective drugs, even if they are first-line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yasunori Tome
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arun S Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tara A Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Fuminori Kanaya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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37
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Kawaguchi K, Miyake K, Han Q, Li S, Tan Y, Igarashi K, Lwin TM, Higuchi T, Kiyuna T, Miyake M, Oshiro H, Bouvet M, Unno M, Hoffman RM. Targeting altered cancer methionine metabolism with recombinant methioninase (rMETase) overcomes partial gemcitabine-resistance and regresses a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse model of pancreatic cancer. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:868-873. [PMID: 29623758 PMCID: PMC6056209 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1445907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a recalcitrant disease. Gemcitabine (GEM) is the most widely-used first-line therapy for pancreatic cancer, but most patients eventually fail. Transformative therapy is necessary to significantly improve the outcome of pancreatic cancer patients. Tumors have an elevated requirement for methionine and are susceptible to methionine restriction. The present study used a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse model of pancreatic cancer to determine the efficacy of recombinant methioninase (rMETase) to effect methionine restriction and thereby overcome GEM-resistance. A pancreatic cancer obtained from a patient was grown orthotopically in the pancreatic tail of nude mice to establish the PDOX model. Five weeks after implantation, 40 pancreatic cancer PDOX mouse models were randomized into four groups of 10 mice each: untreated control (n = 10); GEM (100 mg/kg, i.p., once a week for 5 weeks, n = 10); rMETase (100 units, i.p., 14 consecutive days, n = 10); GEM+rMETase (GEM: 100 mg/kg, i.p., once a week for 5 weeks, rMETase: 100 units, i.p., 14 consecutive days, n = 10). Although GEM partially inhibited PDOX tumor growth, combination therapy (GEM+rMETase) was significantly more effective than mono therapy (GEM: p = 0.0025, rMETase: p = 0.0010). The present study is the first demonstrating the efficacy of rMETase combination therapy in a pancreatic cancer PDOX model to overcome first-line therapy resistance in this recalcitrant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | | | | | | | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | | | - Takashi Higuchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Hiromichi Oshiro
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA
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38
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Igarashi K, Kawaguchi K, Kiyuna T, Miyake K, Miyake M, Li Y, Nelson SD, Dry SM, Singh AS, Elliott IA, Russell TA, Eckardt MA, Yamamoto N, Hayashi K, Kimura H, Miwa S, Tsuchiya H, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Temozolomide regresses a doxorubicin-resistant undifferentiated spindle-cell sarcoma patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX): precision-oncology nude-mouse model matching the patient with effective therapy. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:6598-6603. [PMID: 29737543 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Undifferentiated spindle-cell sarcoma (USCS) is a recalcitrant cancer, resistant to conventional chemotherapy. A patient with high-grade USCS from a striated muscle was implanted orthotopically in the right biceps femoris muscle of mice to establish a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. The PDOX models were randomized into the following groups when tumor volume reached 100 mm3 : G1, control without treatment; G2, doxorubicin (DOX) (3 mg/kg, intraperitoneal [i.p.] injection, weekly, for 2 weeks); G3, temozolomide (TEM) (25 mg/kg, p.o., daily, for 14 days). Tumor size and body weight were measured with calipers and a digital balance twice a week. TEM significantly inhibited tumor volume growth compared to the untreated control and the DOX-treated group on day 14 after treatment initiation: control (G1): 343 ± 78 mm3 ; DOX (G2): 308 ± 31 mm3 , P = 0.272; TEM (G3): 85 ± 21 mm3 , P < 0.0001. TEM significantly regressed the tumor volume compared to day 0 (P = 0.019). There were no animal deaths in any group. The body weight of treated mice was not significantly different in any group. Tumors treated with DOX were comprised of spindle-shaped viable cells without apparent necrosis or inflammatory changes. In contrast, tumors treated with TEM showed extensive tumor necrosis. The present study demonstrates the potential power of matching the patient with an effective drug and saving the patient needless toxicity from ineffective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Arun S Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Irmina A Elliott
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tara A Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mark A Eckardt
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Miwa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
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39
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Kocijancic D, Felgner S, Schauer T, Frahm M, Heise U, Zimmermann K, Erhardt M, Weiss S. Local application of bacteria improves safety of Salmonella -mediated tumor therapy and retains advantages of systemic infection. Oncotarget 2018. [PMID: 28637010 PMCID: PMC5564822 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a devastating disease and a large socio-economic burden. Novel therapeutic solutions are on the rise, although a cure remains elusive. Application of microorganisms represents an ancient therapeutic strategy, lately revoked and refined via simultaneous attenuation and amelioration of pathogenic properties. Salmonella Typhimurium has prevailed in preclinical development. Yet, using virulent strains for systemic treatment might cause severe side effects. In the present study, we highlight a modified strain based on Salmonella Typhimurium UK-1 expressing hexa-acylated Lipid A. We corroborate improved anti-tumor properties of this strain and investigate to which extent an intra-tumoral (i.t.) route of infection could help improve safety and retain advantages of systemic intravenous (i.v.) application. Our results show that i.t. infection exhibits therapeutic efficacy against CT26 and F1.A11 tumors similar to a systemic route of inoculation. Moreover, i.t. application allows extensive dose titration without compromising tumor colonization. Adverse colonization of healthy organs was generally reduced via i.t. infection and accompanied by less body weight loss of the murine host. Despite local application, adjuvanticity remained, and a CT26-specific CD8+ T cell response was effectively stimulated. Most interestingly, also secondary tumors could be targeted with this strategy, thereby extending the unique tumor targeting ability of Salmonella. The i.t. route of inoculation may reap the benefits of systemic infection and aid in safety assurance while directing potency of an oncolytic vector to where it is most needed, namely the primary tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dino Kocijancic
- Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Felgner
- Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Infection Biology of Salmonella, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Tim Schauer
- Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Frahm
- Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Heise
- Mouse-Pathology Service Unit, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Marc Erhardt
- Infection Biology of Salmonella, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Siegfried Weiss
- Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Immunology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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40
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Kawaguchi K, Igarashi K, Murakami T, Kiyuna T, Lwin TM, Hwang HK, Delong JC, Clary BM, Bouvet M, Unno M, Hoffman RM. MEK inhibitors cobimetinib and trametinib, regressed a gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic-cancer patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX). Oncotarget 2018; 8:47490-47496. [PMID: 28537897 PMCID: PMC5564580 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), obtained from a patient, was grown orthotopically in the pancreatic tail of nude mice to establish a patient-derived orthotopic (PDOX) model. Seven weeks after implantation, PDOX nude mice were divided into the following groups: untreated control (n = 7); gemcitabine (100 mg/kg, i.p., once a week for 2 weeks, n = 7); cobimetinib (5 mg/kg, p.o., 14 consecutive days, n = 7); trametinib (0.3 mg/kg, p.o., 14 consecutive days, n = 7); trabectedin (0.15 mg/kg, i.v., once a week for 2 weeks, n = 7); temozolomide (25 mg/kg, p.o., 14 consecutive days, n = 7); carfilzomib (2 mg/kg, i.v., twice a week for 2 weeks, n = 7); bortezomib (1 mg/kg, i.v., twice a week for 2 weeks, n = 7); MK-1775 (20 mg/kg, p.o., 14 consecutive days, n = 7); BEZ-235 (45 mg/kg, p.o., 14 consecutive days, n = 7); vorinostat (50 mg/kg, i.p., 14 consecutive days, n = 7). Only the MEK inhibitors, cobimetinib and trametinib, regressed tumor growth, and they were more significantly effective than other therapies (p < 0.0001, respectively), thereby demonstrating the precision of the PDOX models of PDAC and its potential for individualizing pancreatic-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Thinzar M Lwin
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ho Kyoung Hwang
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Bryan M Clary
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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41
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Igarashi K, Kawaguchi K, Li S, Han Q, Tan Y, Gainor E, Kiyuna T, Miyake K, Miyake M, Higuchi T, Oshiro H, Singh AS, Eckardt MA, Nelson SD, Russell TA, Dry SM, Li Y, Yamamoto N, Hayashi K, Kimura H, Miwa S, Tsuchiya H, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Recombinant methioninase combined with doxorubicin (DOX) regresses a DOX-resistant synovial sarcoma in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model. Oncotarget 2018; 9:19263-19272. [PMID: 29721200 PMCID: PMC5922394 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a recalcitrant subgroup of soft tissue sarcoma (STS). A tumor from a patient with high grade SS from a lower extremity was grown orthotopically in the right biceps femoris muscle of nude mice to establish a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model. The PDOX mice were randomized into the following groups when tumor volume reached approximately 100 mm3: G1, control without treatment; G2, doxorubicin (DOX) (3 mg/kg, intraperitoneal [i.p.] injection, weekly, for 2 weeks; G3, rMETase (100 unit/mouse, i.p., daily, for 2 weeks); G4 DOX (3mg/kg), i.p. weekly, for 2 weeks) combined with rMETase (100 unit/mouse, i.p., daily, for 2 weeks). On day 14 after treatment initiation, all therapies significantly inhibited tumor growth compared to untreated control, except DOX: (DOX: p = 0.48; rMETase: p < 0.005; DOX combined with rMETase < 0.0001). DOX combined with rMETase was significantly more effective than both DOX alone (p < 0.001) and rMETase alone (p < 0.05). The relative body weight on day 14 compared with day 0 did not significantly differ between any treatment group or untreated control. The results indicate that r-METase can overcome DOX-resistance in this recalcitrant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Shukuan Li
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Yuying Tan
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Takashi Higuchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Hiromichi Oshiro
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Arun S Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark A Eckardt
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tara A Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Miwa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
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42
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Igarashi K, Kawaguchi K, Kiyuna T, Miyake K, Miyake M, Li S, Han Q, Tan Y, Zhao M, Li Y, Nelson SD, Dry SM, Singh AS, Elliott IA, Russell TA, Eckardt MA, Yamamoto N, Hayashi K, Kimura H, Miwa S, Tsuchiya H, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R combined with recombinant methioninase and cisplatinum eradicates an osteosarcoma cisplatinum-resistant lung metastasis in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model: decoy, trap and kill chemotherapy moves toward the clinic. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:801-809. [PMID: 29374999 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1431596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model of recurrent cisplatinum (CDDP)-resistant metastatic osteosarcoma was treated with Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (S. typhimurium A1-R), which decoys chemoresistant quiescent cancer cells to cycle, and recombinant methioninase (rMETase), which selectively traps cancer cells in late S/G2, and chemotherapy. The PDOX models were randomized into the following groups 14 days after implantation: G1, control without treatment; G2, CDDP (6 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection, weekly, for 2 weeks); G3, rMETase (100 unit/mouse, i.p., daily, for 2 weeks). G4, S. typhimurium A1-R (5 × 107 CFU/100 μl, i.v., weekly, for 2 weeks); G5, S. typhimurium A1-R (5 × 107 CFU/100 μl, i.v., weekly, for 2 weeks) combined with rMETase (100 unit/mouse, i.p., daily, for 2 weeks); G6, S. typhimurium A1-R (5 × 107 CFU/100 μl, i.v., weekly, for 2 weeks) combined with rMETase (100 unit/mouse, i.p., daily, for 2 weeks) and CDDP (6 mg/kg, i.p. injection, weekly, for 2 weeks). On day 14 after initiation, all treatments except CDDP alone, significantly inhibited tumor growth compared to untreated control: (CDDP: p = 0.586; rMETase: p = 0.002; S. typhimurium A1-R: p = 0.002; S. typhimurium A1-R combined with rMETase: p = 0.0004; rMETase combined with both S. typhimurium A1-R and CDDP: p = 0.0001). The decoy, trap and kill combination of S. typhimurium A1-R, rMETase and CDDP was the most effective of all therapies and was able to eradicate the metastatic osteosarcoma PDOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Igarashi
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA.,c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA
| | - Shukuan Li
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA
| | | | - Yuying Tan
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA
| | - Ming Zhao
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- d Dept. of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- d Dept. of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- d Dept. of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Arun S Singh
- e Division of Hematology-Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Irmina A Elliott
- f Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Tara A Russell
- f Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Mark A Eckardt
- g Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven , CT, USA
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hayashi
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kimura
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Shinji Miwa
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- f Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA
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43
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Kawaguchi K, Igarashi K, Kiyuna T, Miyake K, Miyake M, Murakami T, Chmielowski B, Nelson SD, Russell TA, Dry SM, Li Y, Singh AS, Unno M, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Individualized doxorubicin sensitivity testing of undifferentiated soft tissue sarcoma (USTS) in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model demonstrates large differences between patients. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:627-633. [PMID: 29384032 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1421876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is often first-line treatment of undifferentiated/unclassified soft tissue sarcoma (USTS). However, the DOX response rate for USTS patients is low. Individualized precision-medicine technology that could identify DOX responders as well as non-responders would be of high value to cancer patients. In the present study, we established 5 patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse models from 5 USTS patients and evaluated the efficacy of DOX in each PDOX model. USTS's were grown orthotopically in the right thigh of nude mice to establish the PDOX models. Two weeks after implantation, the mouse models were randomized into two groups of 8 mice each: untreated control; and DOX (3 mg/kg, i.p., once a week for 2 weeks). DOX showed significant growth inhibition in only 2 USTS PDOX models out of 5 (p = 0.0054, p = 0.0055, respectively) on day 14 after initiation. DOX was ineffective in the other 3 PDOX models. However, even in the DOX-sensitive cases, DOX could not regress the PDOX tumors responding to treatment. The present study has important implications since this is the first in vivo study to compare the DOX sensitivity for USTS on multiple patient tumors. We showed that only two of five USTS were responsive to DOX, despite DOX being first line chemotherapy for USTS. The 3 resistant cases should not be treated with DOX clinically, in order to spare the patients' unnecessary toxicity. This PDOX model is useful for precise individualized drug sensitivity testing, especially for rare heterogeneous recalcitrant sarcomas such as USTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kawaguchi
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA.,c Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine , Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Takashi Murakami
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Bartosz Chmielowski
- d Division of Hematology-Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- e Dep artmen t of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Tara A Russell
- f Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- e Dep artmen t of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- e Dep artmen t of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Arun S Singh
- d Division of Hematology-Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Michiaki Unno
- c Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine , Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- f Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
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44
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Recombinant methioninase effectively targets a Ewing's sarcoma in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude-mouse model. Oncotarget 2018; 8:35630-35638. [PMID: 28404944 PMCID: PMC5482604 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Methionine dependence is due to the overuse of methionine for aberrant transmethylation reactions in cancer. Methionine dependence may be the only general metabolic defect in cancer. In order to exploit methionine dependence for therapy, our laboratory previously cloned L-methionine α-deamino-γ-mercaptomethane lyase [EC 4.4.1.11]). The cloned methioninase, termed recombinant methioninase, or rMETase, has been tested in mouse models of human cancer cell lines. Ewing's sarcoma is recalcitrant disease even though development of multimodal therapy has improved patients'outcome. Here we report efficacy of rMETase against Ewing's sarcoma in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. The Ewing's sarcoma was implanted in the right chest wall of nude mice to establish a PDOX model. Eight Ewing's sarcoma PDOX mice were randomized into untreated control group (n = 4) and rMETase treatment group (n = 4). rMETase (100 units) was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) every 24 hours for 14 consecutive days. All mice were sacrificed on day-15, 24 hours after the last rMETase administration. rMETase effectively reduced tumor growth compared to untreated control. The methionine level both of plasma and supernatants derived from sonicated tumors was lower in the rMETase group. Body weight did not significantly differ at any time points between the 2 groups. The present study is the first demonstrating rMETase efficacy in a PDOX model, suggesting potential clinical development, especially in recalcitrant cancers such as Ewing's sarcoma.
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45
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Kawaguchi K, Han Q, Li S, Tan Y, Igarashi K, Kiyuna T, Miyake K, Miyake M, Chmielowski B, Nelson SD, Russell TA, Dry SM, Li Y, Singh AS, Eckardt MA, Unno M, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Targeting methionine with oral recombinant methioninase (o-rMETase) arrests a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model of BRAF-V600E mutant melanoma: implications for chronic clinical cancer therapy and prevention. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:356-361. [PMID: 29187018 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1405195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The elevated methionine (MET) use by cancer cells is termed MET dependence and may be the only known general metabolic defect in cancer. Targeting MET by recombinant methioninase (rMETase) can arrest the growth of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. We previously reported that rMETase, administrated by intra-peritoneal injection (ip-rMETase), could inhibit tumor growth in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model of a BRAF-V600E mutant melanoma. In the present study, we compared ip-rMETase and oral rMETase (o-rMETase) for efficacy on the melanoma PDOX. Melanoma PDOX nude mice were randomized into four groups of 5 mice each: untreated control; ip-rMETase (100 units, i.p., 14 consecutive days); o-rMETase (100 units, p.o., 14 consecutive days); o-rMETase+ip-rMETase (100 units, p.o.+100 units, i.p., 14 consecutive days). All treatments inhibited tumor growth on day 14 after treatment initiation, compared to untreated control (ip-rMETase, p<0.0001; o-rMETase, p<0.0001; o-rMETase+ip-rMETase, p<0.0001). o-rMETase was significantly more effective than ip-rMETase (p = 0.0086). o-rMETase+ip-rMETase was significantly more effective than either mono-therapy: ip-rMETase, p = 0.0005; or o-rMETase, p = 0.0367. The present study is the first demonstrating that o-rMETase is effective as an anticancer agent. The results of the present study indicate the potential of clinical development of o-rMETase as an agent for chronic cancer therapy and for cancer prevention and possibly for life extension since dietary MET reduction extends life span in many animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kawaguchi
- a AntiCancer , Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Dept. of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA.,c Dept. of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine , Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | | | - Shukuan Li
- a AntiCancer , Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Yuying Tan
- a AntiCancer , Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- a AntiCancer , Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Dept. of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- a AntiCancer , Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Dept. of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- a AntiCancer , Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Dept. of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- a AntiCancer , Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Dept. of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Bartosz Chmielowski
- d Div. of Hematology-Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- e Dept. of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Tara A Russell
- f Div. of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- e Dept. of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- e Dept. of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Arun S Singh
- d Div. of Hematology-Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Mark A Eckardt
- g Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Michiaki Unno
- c Dept. of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine , Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- f Div. of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- a AntiCancer , Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Dept. of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA.,g Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
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46
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Tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R regresses an osteosarcoma in a patient-derived xenograft model resistant to a molecular-targeting drug. Oncotarget 2018; 8:8035-8042. [PMID: 28030831 PMCID: PMC5352380 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma occurs mostly in children and young adults, who are treated with multiple agents in combination with limb-salvage surgery. However, the overall 5-year survival rate for patients with recurrent or metastatic osteosarcoma is 20-30% which has not improved significantly over 30 years. Refractory patients would benefit from precise individualized therapy. We report here that a patient-derived osteosarcoma growing in a subcutaneous nude-mouse model was regressed by tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (S. typhimurium A1-R, p<0.001 compared to untreated control). The osteosarcoma was only partially sensitive to the molecular-targeting drug sorafenib, which did not arrest its growth. S. typhimurium A1-R was significantly more effective than sorafenib (P <0.001). S. typhimurium grew in the treated tumors and caused extensive necrosis of the tumor tissue. These data show that S. typhimurium A1-R is powerful therapy for an osteosarcoma patient-derived xenograft model.
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Saltzman D, Augustin L, Leonard A, Mertensotto M, Schottel J. Low dose chemotherapy combined with attenuated Salmonella decreases tumor burden and is less toxic than high dose chemotherapy in an autochthonous murine model of breast cancer. Surgery 2018; 163:509-514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2017.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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48
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Recombinant methioninase in combination with doxorubicin (DOX) overcomes first-line DOX resistance in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft nude-mouse model of undifferentiated spindle-cell sarcoma. Cancer Lett 2018; 417:168-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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49
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Slominski AT, Brożyna AA, Skobowiat C, Zmijewski MA, Kim TK, Janjetovic Z, Oak AS, Jozwicki W, Jetten AM, Mason RS, Elmets C, Li W, Hoffman RM, Tuckey RC. On the role of classical and novel forms of vitamin D in melanoma progression and management. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 177:159-170. [PMID: 28676457 PMCID: PMC5748362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma represents a significant clinical problem affecting a large segment of the population with a relatively high incidence and mortality rate. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is an important etiological factor in malignant transformation of melanocytes and melanoma development. UVB, while being a full carcinogen in melanomagenesis, is also necessary for the cutaneous production of vitamin D3 (D3). Calcitriol (1,25(OH)2D3) and novel CYP11A1-derived hydroxyderivatives of D3 show anti-melanoma activities and protective properties against damage induced by UVB. The former activities include inhibitory effects on proliferation, plating efficiency and anchorage-independent growth of cultured human and rodent melanomas in vitro, as well as the in vivo inhibition of tumor growth by 20(OH)D3 after injection of human melanoma cells into immunodeficient mice. The literature indicates that low levels of 25(OH)D3 are associated with more advanced melanomas and reduced patient survivals, while single nucleotide polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor or the D3 binding protein gene affect development or progression of melanoma, or disease outcome. An inverse correlation of VDR and CYP27B1 expression with melanoma progression has been found, with low or undetectable levels of these proteins being associated with poor disease outcomes. Unexpectedly, increased expression of CYP24A1 was associated with better melanoma prognosis. In addition, decreased expression of retinoic acid orphan receptors α and γ, which can also bind vitamin D3 hydroxyderivatives, showed positive association with melanoma progression and shorter disease-free and overall survival. Thus, inadequate levels of biologically active forms of D3 and disturbances in expression of the target receptors, or D3 activating or inactivating enzymes, can affect melanomagenesis and disease progression. We therefore propose that inclusion of vitamin D into melanoma management should be beneficial for patients, at least as an adjuvant approach. The presence of multiple hydroxyderivatives of D3 in skin that show anti-melanoma activity in experimental models and which may act on alternative receptors, will be a future consideration when planning which forms of vitamin D to use for melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre - Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Anna A Brożyna
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre - Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland; Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | | | - Tae-Kang Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | | | - Allen S Oak
- Department of Dermatology, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Wojciech Jozwicki
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre - Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland; Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anton M Jetten
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health,Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Rebecca S Mason
- Bosch Institute & School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Craig Elmets
- Department of Dermatology, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - We Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee HSC, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Robert C Tuckey
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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50
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Kawaguchi K, Igarashi K, Murakami T, Chmielowski B, Kiyuna T, Zhao M, Zhang Y, Singh A, Unno M, Nelson SD, Russell TA, Dry SM, Li Y, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R combined with temozolomide regresses malignant melanoma with a BRAF-V600E mutation in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. Oncotarget 2018; 7:85929-85936. [PMID: 27835903 PMCID: PMC5349886 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a recalcitrant disease in need of transformative therapuetics. The present study used a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude-mouse model of melanoma with a BRAF-V600E mutation to determine the efficacy of temozolomide (TEM) combined with tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R. A melanoma obtained from the right chest wall of a patient was grown orthotopically in the right chest wall of nude mice to establish a PDOX model. Two weeks after implantation, 40 PDOX nude mice were divided into 4 groups: G1, control without treatment (n = 10); G2, TEM (25 mg/kg, administrated orally daily for 14 consecutive days, n = 10); G3, S. typhimurium A1-R (5 × 107 CFU/100 μl, i.v., once a week for 2 weeks, n = 10); G4, TEM combined with S. typhimurium A1-R (25 mg/kg, administrated orally daily for 14 consecutive days and 5 × 107 CFU/100 μl, i.v., once a week for 2 weeks, respectively, n = 10). Tumor sizes were measured with calipers twice a week. On day 14 from initiation of treatment, all treatments significantly inhibited tumor growth compared to untreated control (TEM: p < 0.0001; S. typhimurium A1-R: p < 0.0001; TEM combined with S. typhimurium A1-R: p < 0.0001). TEM combined with S. typhimurium A1-R was significantly more effective than either S. typhimurium A1-R (p = 0.0004) alone or TEM alone (p = 0.0017). TEM combined with S. typhimurium A1-R could regress the melanoma in the PDOX model and has important future clinical potential for melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bartosz Chmielowski
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ming Zhao
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Arun Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tara A Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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