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Wang L, Jiang D, Chen Y, Zhang S, Rozelle S. Paths of cognitive and social-emotional delays before age three in rural China: Predictive power on skills at preschool age. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0310016. [PMID: 39240865 PMCID: PMC11379282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive and social-emotional development in the first three years of life is associated with later skills. However, little is known about the paths of developmental delays in both cognitive and social-emotional skills before age 3 or to what extent these paths predict later developmental outcomes. The aim of this study is to examine the associations between the different paths of developmental delays in both cognitive and social-emotional skills of children before age 3 and the levels of development of the children when they are preschool age. Using a longitudinal data collected at three time points from 1245 children and their caregivers in rural China, we identified four different paths of developmental delays in cognitive and social-emotional before age 3 and examined how these paths are associated with different levels of developmental outcomes at preschool age. We used a non-parametric standardization approach and an ordinary least squares model to perform our analyses. Findings show that rates of developmental delays in either cognitive or social-emotional domain or both domains are high at all different time points, ranging from 20% to 55% for cognitive delays and 42% to 61% for social-emotional delays. Over half of children experienced deteriorating levels of either cognitive or social-emotional development before age 3. A large share of children was found to be persistently delayed in either domain. Only a small share of children raised their levels of development in either domain before age 3. In addition, we identified certain socioeconomic status of the family that are associated with never or deteriorating path of child developmental delays. More importantly, we revealed that different paths of developmental delays before age 3 have predictive power on different levels of developmental outcomes at preschool age. Our results suggest that actions are needed at the earliest times to improve child development when children are still infants or toddlers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- International Business School, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dingjing Jiang
- International Business School, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yifei Chen
- International Business School, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Stanford Center on China's Economy and Institutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Scott Rozelle
- Stanford Center on China's Economy and Institutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
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Zou S, Zou X, Zhang R, Xue K, Xiao AY, Zhou M, Fu Z, Zhou H. Maternal depression and early childhood development among children aged 24-59 months: the mediating effect of responsive caregiving. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2024; 23:30. [PMID: 39164699 PMCID: PMC11334398 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-024-00515-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examined whether maternal depression is related to Early Childhood Developmental (ECD) delay among children by quantifying the mediating contribution of responsive caregiving. We used data from 1235 children (Children's mean age = 50.4 months; 582 girls, 653 boys, 93.9% were Han), selected through convenience sampling, in 2021. 4.7% of children had ECD delay, 34.3% of mothers had depression. Children with depressed mothers were less likely to receive responsive caregiving (OR 4.35, 95% CI 2.60-7.27), and those who did not receive responsive caregiving were more likely to experience ECD delay (OR 3.89, 95% CI 1.89-8.02). Responsive caregiving partly mediated the relationship between maternal depression and ECD. Early intervention for children with depressed mothers is worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Zou
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xinye Zou
- Department of Education, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ruolin Zhang
- Duke Kunshan University, No.8 Duke Ave., Kunshan, 215316, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kefan Xue
- Oxford School of Global and Area Studies, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 6LH, UK
| | - Angela Y Xiao
- Department of International Studies, Macalester College, 1600 Grand Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55105, USA
| | - Mo Zhou
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ziyuan Fu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Peking University Health Science Center - Weifang Joint Research Center for Maternal and Child Health, Beijing, 100191, China.
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Santos JAT, Ayupe KMA, Camargos ACR, Medeiros NL, Gutierres Filho PJB. Moderating effect of social risk on the relationship between biological risk and child development. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2024; 29:e18432022. [PMID: 39140550 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232024298.18432022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Human development is influenced by the interaction between biological and social factors. This study aimed to verify the moderating effect of social risk on the relationship between biological risk and child development. Data were collected on 201 children, aged 6 to 72 months. The independent variable was measured by the biological risk index, and the moderator variable by the social risk index was assessed by the Denver II test. Linear regression, effect size, and analysis of moderation were used to verify the relationship between BRI and the child development (Denver II), and the moderating effect of the SRI. BRI was negatively associated with child development, the interaction between the BRI and SRI increased the explained variance in the Denver II result to 14%. The SRI was also a significant moderator of the Language and Gross Motor domains. This research evidence that social risk moderates the relationship between biological risk and child development, the more social risk factors, the stronger this relationship becomes. On the other hand, it can be said that some social factors favor child development, even in the presence of biological risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina Araujo Teixeira Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade de Brasília. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro. 70910-900 Brasília DF Brasil.
| | - Kênnea Martins Almeida Ayupe
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade de Brasília. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro. 70910-900 Brasília DF Brasil.
| | - Ana Cristina Resende Camargos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte MG Brasil
| | - Naguia Leticia Medeiros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte MG Brasil
| | - Paulo José Barbosa Gutierres Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade de Brasília. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro. 70910-900 Brasília DF Brasil.
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Emmers D, Yu W, Shen Y, Feng C, Misra M, Peng A, Wang J, Wu F, Ye S, Rozelle S. Supporting cognitive catch-up: The effects of cluster-randomized psychosocial stimulation interventions on preterm low birthweight children in rural China. Child Dev 2024; 95:1254-1270. [PMID: 38353466 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.14068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Improved survival of preterm low birthweight (LBW) infants due to advances in neonatal care has brought issues such as postnatal development trajectories to the foreground. This study pools evidence from three cluster-randomized experiments evaluating community-based psychosocial stimulation programs conducted from 2014 to 2017 that included 3571 rural Chinese children aged 6-24 months (51.1% male, 96.2% Han Chinese). The risk of severe cognitive delay was found to be 26.5 percentage points higher for preterm LBW children than for their peers at age 2.5, with a prevalence rate of 48.3%. Results show that psychosocial stimulation interventions can improve child cognitive development at scale, with beneficial impacts on child cognition disproportionately larger for preterm LBW children, helping them to catch up developmentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien Emmers
- Stanford Center on China's Economy and Institutions, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Economics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Chinese Studies Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wenjing Yu
- Stanford Center on China's Economy and Institutions, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- China Academy for Rural Development, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yun Shen
- Stanford Center on China's Economy and Institutions, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- China Academy for Rural Development, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cindy Feng
- Stanford Center on China's Economy and Institutions, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Marat Misra
- Stanford Center on China's Economy and Institutions, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Andrew Peng
- Stanford Center on China's Economy and Institutions, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jerry Wang
- Stanford Center on China's Economy and Institutions, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Florence Wu
- Stanford Center on China's Economy and Institutions, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sean Ye
- Stanford Center on China's Economy and Institutions, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Scott Rozelle
- Stanford Center on China's Economy and Institutions, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Shariatpanahi G, Vameghi R, Ghanbari N, Barekati SH, Lornejad HR, Abolghasemi N. Cultural adaptation, validation, and standardization of a developmental screening tool (ASQ-3) in Iranian children. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY 2024; 18:55-71. [PMID: 38617393 PMCID: PMC11015726 DOI: 10.22037/ijcn.v18i2.39595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed at culturally adapting, validating, and standardizing the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, third edition (ASQ-3) by implementing a nation-wide cross-sectional methodological study in order to provide a valid and reliable tool for determining the developmental status of Iranian children. Materials & Methods This cross-sectional and methodological study was conducted on Iranian children between 1-66 months. The ASQ-3 tool was translated; following that, its face and content validity, as well as the cross-cultural adaptation were assessed by 51 specialists and experts in the field of pediatrics and child development. In order to determine the reliability of the ASQ-3 (using Cronbach's alpha), and cut-off points. All statistical analyses were performed using STATA software. Results This study was enrolled in 2 phases. The face and content validity, as well as the cultural relevance of the Persian version of ASQ-3 was confirmed using panel of specialists views then researchers investigated 11,740 children aged 1-66 months in order to evaluate the reliability of the tool. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients (reliability) determined for the ASQ-3 and the cut-off points for the ASQ-3 of different age groups and domains were determined by calculating one and two SDs below the mean; the latter represents the main cut-off point, and the interval between the two represents the monitoring zone according to the ASQ-3 technical manual. Conclusion The results of this study showed that the Iranian version of ASQ-3 is valid and reliable; moreover, the cut-off points designated for it can be implemented in the Iranian children community to assess their developmental status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Shariatpanahi
- Infectious Department, Bahrami Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roshanak Vameghi
- Pediatric Neuro Rehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Ghanbari
- Pediatrician,Emergency department, Bahrami Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamed Barekati
- Pediatrician, Population, Family and School Health Department - Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Lornejad
- Pediatrician, Child Health Office- Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naria Abolghasemi
- Pediatrician, Child Health Office- Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
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Onyango S, Kitsao-Wekulo P, Langat N, Okelo K, Murdock DE, Utzinger J, Fink G. Maternal stimulation and early child development in sub-saharan Africa: evidence from Kenya and Zambia. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2418. [PMID: 38053131 PMCID: PMC10696819 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17235-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite major improvements in child survival over the past decade, many children in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) remain at risk of not reaching their developmental potential due to malnutrition, poor health, and a lack of stimulation. Maternal engagement and stimulation have been identified as some of the most critical inputs for healthy development of children. However, relatively little evidence exists on the links between maternal stimulation and child development exists in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This current paper aims to identify the associations between maternal stimulation and child development in Kenya and Zambia, as well as the activities that are most predictive of developmental outcomes in these settings. METHODS We conducted a descriptive study using data from a prospective study in Kenya and Zambia. The study included three rounds of data collection. Children were on average 10 months old in round one, 25 months old in round two, and 36 months old in round three. The primary exposure variable of interest was maternal stimulation activities, which we grouped into cognitive, language, motor, and socio-emotional activities. The outcome of interest was child development measured through the Third Edition of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3). Linear regression models were used to estimate the associations between overall maternal stimulation and domain-specific maternal stimulation and child development across the three rounds of the survey. RESULTS Higher maternal stimulation scores were associated with higher ASQ scores (effect size = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.31) after adjusting for other confounders. For domain specific and child development (ASQ scores), the largest effect size (ES) was found for language stimulation (ES = 0.15) while weakest associations were found for socio-emotional domain activities (ES= -0.05). Overall maternal stimulation was most strongly associated with gross motor development (ES = 0.21) and the least associated with problem-solving (ES = 0.16). CONCLUSION Our study findings suggest a strong positive link between maternal stimulation activities and children's developmental outcomes among communities in poor rural settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION NA (not a clinical trial).
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Affiliation(s)
- Silas Onyango
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, Allschwil, CH-4123, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Petersplatz, Basel, CH-4051, Switzerland.
- Human Development Theme, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, 10787-00100, Kenya.
| | - Patricia Kitsao-Wekulo
- Human Development Theme, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, 10787-00100, Kenya
| | - Nelson Langat
- Human Development Theme, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, 10787-00100, Kenya
| | - Kenneth Okelo
- Human Development Theme, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, 10787-00100, Kenya
| | - Dawn E Murdock
- Episcopal Relief & Development, 815 Second Avenue, New York, NY, 10017, USA
| | - Jürg Utzinger
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, Allschwil, CH-4123, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz, Basel, CH-4051, Switzerland
| | - Günther Fink
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, Allschwil, CH-4123, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz, Basel, CH-4051, Switzerland
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Angulo AS, Cunningham M, Domek G, Friedman S, Talmi A. Cultural relevance of fine motor domain of the ASQ in Guatemala. Infant Ment Health J 2023; 44:794-802. [PMID: 37899298 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.22088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Previous research suggests that the Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3rd ed. (ASQ) fine motor domain (FMD) may not be culturally relevant for developmental screening in a rural Guatemalan community, as the FMD accounts for 40% of all abnormal screenings after a needs assessment in this community. We hypothesize this is due to a lack of exposure to objects assessed in the questionnaire, such as blocks or light switches. The FMD scores of rural Guatemalan children (n = 56) participating in a child development program were compared with Spanish- and English-speaking Latinx-American children attending a US primary care clinic and screened at yearly well-child checks. Groups were matched for age gender, and socioeconomic status. Item-level analyses explored differences across the three groups. In the Guatemalan sample, the FMD abnormal score rates were 16%, 62%, and zero in the 12-, 24-, and 36-month-old children, respectively. Abnormal scores for the Guatemalan sample on the 24-month ASQ-3 significantly differed (p = .01) when compared to the Latinx-American groups. The 24-month questionnaire has more questions about objects than the 12- and 36-month questionnaires, which may explain the higher rates of abnormal scores. Developmental screening with ASQ-3 may not adequately capture the skills of children in similar communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail S Angulo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Maureen Cunningham
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Colorado School of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Gretchen Domek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Colorado School of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sandra Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ayelet Talmi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Christovão IS, Pereira DAG, de Castro Magalhães L, Camargos ACR. Predictive validity of the Denver developmental screening test (Denver-II) to detect risk of developmental coordination disorder in preterm children. Early Hum Dev 2023; 184:105836. [PMID: 37531846 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2023.105836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Denver-II is widely used as a screening tool, however, no studies were found about its validity to predict the risk of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) in preterm children. OBJECTIVE To verify the predictive validity and accuracy of the Denver-II to identify the risk of DCD in preterm children. METHODS Methodological study with 121 preterm children, evaluated with the Denver-II at ages 1, 2, 3, 4 and/or 5 years and with the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-2) at 7 years. Univariate binary logistic regression analyses were performed and ROC curves were derived. RESULTS Children classified as suspect by Denver-II at 2, 3, and 4 years were, respectively, 3.45, 7.40 and 6.06 times more likely to have a risk of DCD on the MABC-2 (p < 0.05). The area under the ROC curve was considered fair for ages 2 (0.60, 95 % CI 0.50-0.70), 3 (0.61, 95 % CI 0.51-0.71) and 4 (0.64, 95 % CI 0.54-0.74) years. The greater the number of suspects in Denver-II over time, the greater the probability of risk of DCD in the MABC-2 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Global developmental assessment with the Denver-II at ages 2 to 4 years is considered to have fair accuracy to discriminate risk of DCD at school age in children born preterm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Saraiva Christovão
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danielle Aparecida Gomes Pereira
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lívia de Castro Magalhães
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Resende Camargos
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Komanchuk J, Cameron JL, Kurbatfinski S, Duffett-Leger L, Letourneau N. A realist review of digitally delivered child development assessment and screening tools: Psychometrics and considerations for future use. Early Hum Dev 2023; 183:105818. [PMID: 37413949 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2023.105818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental screening improves the detection of developmental concerns, yet numerous children are not screened/assessed. Remote child developmental tool administration has been utilized to increase screening and assessment accessibility. METHOD We conducted a realist review to: (1) identify existing multi-domain child development assessment and screening tools for children 0-5 years; (2) review psychometric data on their digital (i.e., only administered remotely) administration; and (3) explore contextual factors relevant to their digital administration. We searched APA PsycInfo, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and ERIC to identify tools and papers on their psychometrics. We reference-searched included articles and searched Google for relevant grey literature. RESULTS Of 33 multi-domain child development tools identified in objective one, five tools (in five studies) were delivered digitally and compared to traditional (e.g., paper) delivery (i.e., objective two). Studies evaluated within-group equivalence reliability (k = 2) and between-group equivalence (k = 3). Within-group equivalence reliability was established for the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, and domains (e.g., gross motor) of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires 2nd edition (ASQ-2) and Revised Prescreening Denver Questionnaire (R-PDQ). Between group equivalence was demonstrated for Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment, 2nd Edition (NEPSY-II) subtests and Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd edition (Bayley-3) items. In another between group evaluation, web-based and paper versions of the ASQ-2 were deemed generally equivalent. Digital Bayley-3 inter-observer reliability ranged from 0.82 to 1.0. Examiner support, time, tool modifications, family resources, and comfort promotion supported digital administration. CONCLUSION Digitally delivered ASQ-2, R-PDQ, Vineland, and Bayley-3 and NEPSY-II components show promise for equivalence with traditional administration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judy L Cameron
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Estupiñan-Perez VH, Jiménez-Urrego AM, Cruz-Mosquera FE, Botero-Carvajal A. Developmental assessment of children with intrauterine exposure to Zika virus: cross-sectional observational study. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica 2023; 40:333-339. [PMID: 37991037 PMCID: PMC10959516 DOI: 10.17843/rpmesp.2023.403.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus infection affects the development of the nervous system. This study describes the cognitive, adaptative, communicative, social and motor neurodevelopment of children exposed to Zika virus in utero. We used the Batelle scale to assess neurodevelopment three years after birth. Thirty children were included, who had a mean age at evaluation of 37.5 (IQR: 35.7-39.2) months. We found the following equivalent ages in months for each area: motor 25.8 (SD: 7.8), adaptive 26.7 (SD: 5.8), communicative 30.2 (SD: 6.9), social personal 33.5 (SD: 8.3) and cognitive 35.6 (SD: 5.9). Children showed development delay for their chronological age, 25 children were delayed in one of the five areas assessed. A high rate of children exposed to Zika virus during gestation presented delayed developmental age, mainly regarding the adaptive and motor areas.
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Zhou J, Heckman JJ, Liu B, Lu M, Chang SM, Grantham-McGregor S. Comparing China REACH and the Jamaica Home Visiting Program. Pediatrics 2023; 151:e2023060221I. [PMID: 37125889 PMCID: PMC10802190 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-060221i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Delayed child skill development is a common phenomenon in low- and middle-income countries. Effective and low-cost strategies suitable for application to less-developed countries are needed. We summarize empirical findings from recent papers that study a replication of the Jamaica Reach Up and Learn home visiting program in China, China REACH, and compare child skill growth profiles in the China Reach Up and Jamaica interventions. METHODS Different interventions often use different measures for assessing early childhood skill development. To estimate the growth of underlying skills across programs, we address the challenge that different programs use different assessments. We use a modified version of the Rasch model to anchor scores on common items to estimate skill development. RESULTS Language skill growth curves are comparable for both interventions. This pattern is consistent for the treatment and control groups across the interventions. Skill growth curves are not statistically significantly different between China REACH and Jamaican interventions. We find evidence of the importance of early investment. CONCLUSIONS The China REACH intervention significantly improves the development of multiple skills. At the same ages, treatment effect sizes and skill growth curves are comparable across the Jamaica and China REACH interventions, despite differences in scale and cultural settings. The scale of the program is much greater in China than in Jamaica, showing that the Jamaican curriculum can be effectively expanded to larger populations. Annual costs per child are roughly $500 (2015 US dollars).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- Center for the Economics of Human Development and Department of Economics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - James J. Heckman
- Center for the Economics of Human Development and Department of Economics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bei Liu
- China Development Research Foundation, Beijing, China
| | - Mai Lu
- China Development Research Foundation, Beijing, China
| | - Susan M. Chang
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
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Córdoba-Gamboa L, Vázquez-Salas RA, Romero-Martínez M, Cantoral A, Riojas-Rodríguez H, Bautista-Arredondo S, Bautista-Arredondo LF, de Castro F, Tamayo-Ortiz M, Téllez-Rojo MM. Lead Exposure Can Affect Early Childhood Development and Could Be Aggravated by Stunted Growth: Perspectives from Mexico. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5174. [PMID: 36982080 PMCID: PMC10049063 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead can affect early childhood development (ECD) differentially due to nutritional deficiencies that lead to stunted growth, defined as being at least two standard deviations below the average height-for-age. These deficiencies are more frequent among children living in rural locations or with lower socioeconomic status (SES); however, studies at a population level are scarce worldwide. Early childhood development plays a crucial role in influencing a child's health and wellbeing throughout life. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze how stunted growth can modify the association between lead exposure and ECD in children from disadvantaged communities. METHODS Data were analyzed from the 2018 National Health and Nutrition Survey in localities with fewer than 100,000 inhabitants in Mexico (ENSANUT-100K). Capillary blood lead (BPb) levels were measured using a LeadCare II device and dichotomized as detectable (cutoff point ≥ 3.3 µg/dL) and non-detectable. As a measure of ECD, language development was assessed in n = 1394 children, representing 2,415,000 children aged 12-59 months. To assess the association between lead exposure and language z-scores, a linear model was generated adjusted by age, sex, stunted growth, maternal education, socioeconomic status, area, region (north, center, south), and family care characteristics; afterwards, the model was stratified by stunted growth. RESULTS Fifty percent of children had detectable BPb and 15.3% had stunted growth. BPb showed a marginal inverse association with language z-scores (β: -0.08, 95% CI: -0.53, 0.36). Children with detectable BPb and stunted growth had significantly lower language z-scores (β: -0.40, 95% CI: -0.71, -0.10) than those without stunted growth (β: -0.15, 95% CI: -0.36, 0.06). CONCLUSIONS Children with stunted growth are more vulnerable to the adverse effects of lead exposure. These results add to previous research calling for action to reduce lead exposure, particularly in children with chronic undernutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonel Córdoba-Gamboa
- Dirección de Salud Ambiental, Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Morelos, Mexico; (L.C.-G.)
| | - Ruth Argelia Vázquez-Salas
- Dirección de Salud Reproductiva, Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Ciudad de México 14080, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Martin Romero-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación en Evaluación y Encuestas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Cantoral
- Departamento de Salud, Universidad Iberoamericana, Ciudad de Mexico 01219, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Horacio Riojas-Rodríguez
- Dirección de Salud Ambiental, Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Morelos, Mexico; (L.C.-G.)
| | - Sergio Bautista-Arredondo
- Centro de Investigación en Sistemas de Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Luis F. Bautista-Arredondo
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Filipa de Castro
- Research, Evidence, and Learning, Department of Education and Child Population, Save the Children, 501 Kings Highway East, Suite 400, Fairfield, CT 06825, USA
| | - Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz
- Unidad de Investigación de Salud en el Trabajo, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México 6720, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Martha María Téllez-Rojo
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Morelos, Mexico
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13
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Pitchik HO, Tofail F, Akter F, Shoab AKM, Sultana J, Huda TMN, Rahman M, Winch PJ, Luby SP, Fernald LCH. Concurrent validity of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire Inventory and the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development in rural Bangladesh. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:93. [PMID: 36859070 PMCID: PMC9976496 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03800-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reliable and valid measurement of early child development are necessary for the design of effective interventions, programs, and policies to improve early child outcomes. One widely used measure in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development III (Bayley-III). Alternatively, the Bangladeshi-adapted Ages and Stages Questionnaire Inventory (ASQ:I) can be administered more quickly, inexpensively, and with less training than the Bayley-III. We aimed to assess the concurrent validity of the Bangladeshi-adapted ASQ:I with the Bayley-III in children 4-27 months old in rural Bangladesh. METHODS The sample was a sub-sample (n = 244) of endline participants from an evaluation of an early child development intervention (July-August 2018). We assessed concurrent validity between internally age-standardized domain-specific and total scores using Pearson correlations both overall and stratified by age and intervention status. We also assessed correlations between scores and variables theoretically related to child development including maternal education and stimulation in the home. RESULTS The overall correlation between ASQ:I and Bayley-III total scores was moderate (r = 0.42 95% CI: 0.30-0.53), with no systematic differences by intervention status. Overall, concurrent validity was highest for the gross motor domain (r = 0.51, 0.40-0.60), and lowest for the fine motor domain (r = 0.20, 0.04-0.33). Total ASQ:I and Bayley-III scores were positively correlated with child stimulation and maternal education. CONCLUSION The Bangladeshi-adapted ASQ:I is a low-cost tool that can be feasibly administered in rural Bangladesh, is moderately correlated with the Bayley-III, and can be used to measure child development when human, time, or financial resources are constrained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen O Pitchik
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, 2121 Berkeley Way West, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Fahmida Tofail
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, Icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fahmida Akter
- Infectious Diseases Division, Icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abul K M Shoab
- Infectious Diseases Division, Icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jesmin Sultana
- Infectious Diseases Division, Icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Peter J Winch
- Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephen P Luby
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lia C H Fernald
- Division of Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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14
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Eekhout I, van Buuren S. Child development with the D-score: tuning instruments to unity. Gates Open Res 2022. [DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.13223.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The chapter familiarises the reader with an intuitive yet powerful methodology to tune instruments to a common unit, presenting a fresh approach that expresses measurements made by different instruments on the D-score scale. As a result, the reader may compare D-scores between ages, children or cohorts. It shows how to exploit common developmental milestones to bridge instruments and cohorts; presents an analysis to obtain D-scores from 16 cohorts and 14 instruments; compares D-score age-distribution across populations from four continents; suggests an indicator for the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals; and defines developmentally-on-track.
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15
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Survey of Well-Being of Young Children (SWYC): Preliminary Norms for Screening for Developmental Delay in Brazilian Children Younger than 65 Months. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2022; 43:e614-e622. [PMID: 36443923 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000001133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of the Developmental Milestones Questionnaire of the Survey of Wellbeing of Young Children Brazilian version (DM-SWYC-BR) and establish the preliminary norms to identify suspected developmental delay in Brazilian children up to 65 months. METHODS A psychometric study was conducted on 1535 children from 3 Brazilian regions. The caregivers answered the Brazilian Portuguese cross-culturally adapted version of the DM-SWYC. We calculated the internal consistency and performed an exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The clinical threshold for the suspected developmental delay was set at 85% from the DM-SWYC-BR mean score for each age. The prevalence of suspected delay was calculated using current preliminary cutoffs and original norms. RESULTS EFA confirmed the unidimensionality of the DM-SWYC-BR items (average variance extracted = 0.78). Cronbach's alpha was 0.97. At most ages, the difference between the cutoff points in the Brazilian and North American samples was lower than or equal to 2 points, except at 18, 23, 29, 44, 45, 46, and from 54 to 58 months. There was a marked divergence in the prevalence of suspected developmental delay by age ranges using the Brazilian or North American cutoff points. However, the general mean prevalence was quite similar (27.5% vs. 28.2%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS We established the cutoff points to interpret the DM-SWYC-BR results when screening for developmental delays in Brazilian children. The satisfactory psychometric properties support its use for screening developmental delays in the public health system. Reliable assessment tools are critical to promoting child development effectively, ensuring timely intervention.
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The Craniofacial Collaboration UK: Developmental Outcomes in 5-Year-Old Children With Metopic Synostosis. J Craniofac Surg 2022; 34:855-859. [PMID: 36329005 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000009095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Craniofacial Collaboration (CC-UK) was setup in 2015 as a joint initiative between the Psychology teams attached to the 4 highly specialized craniofacial centers in the United Kingdom. The CC-UK aims to address key limitations in the existing craniofacial literature by applying strict exclusion criteria and collating clinical data on a homogenous sample of children. This article reports the fourth wave of data collection from the CC-UK, with the analysis of developmental and behavioral outcomes for children with metopic synostosis at 5 years old. Previous data for sagittal synostosis at 3 and 5 years, and metopic synostosis at 3 years, have been presented. This paper offers the first analysis of developmental and behavioral parent-report measures at school age for metopic synostosis. All children in the current data set had primary corrective surgery. Findings highlight similar patterns to that of previous research among children with single-suture craniosynostosis, as well as earlier CC-UK analyses, with the majority falling within 1 standard deviation of the normative mean. However, differences across key behavioral and emotional domains, with some areas reporting heightened concerns compared with those detected among sagittal groups, may suggest that subtle differences between individual diagnostic groups are present. This further highlights the importance of utilizing homogenous samples within the field of craniofacial research. To further build upon this work, and to provide a greater understanding of how these difficulties and concerns may develop, or diminish, over time, further consideration to longitudinal outcomes is needed for individual diagnostic groups. Through this collaboration, the authors seek to achieve this goal in their future work.
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17
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Springer PE, Laughton B, Esterhuizen TM, Slogrove AL, Kruger M. The Molteno Adapted Scale: A child development screening tool for healthcare settings. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.4102/ajopa.v4i0.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wilkinson EH, Britton TC, Hall SS. Examining Phenotypic Differences in Gaze Avoidance Between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Fragile X Syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL ON INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 127:435-454. [PMID: 36306410 PMCID: PMC9667749 DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-127.6.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We examined potential phenotypic differences in eye gaze avoidance exhibited by boys with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and boys with fragile X syndrome (FXS). In Study 1, the Eye Contact Avoidance Scale (ECAS) was administered to caregivers of boys aged 7-18 years with FXS (n = 148), ASD (n = 168), and mixed developmental disabilities (MDD; n = 128). In Study 2, subsets of boys with FXS (n = 31) and boys with ASD (n = 25) received a brief behavioral treatment probe to improve eye contact. Results showed that boys with FXS obtained significantly higher scores on the ECAS compared to boys with ASD and MDD. Exposure to the brief behavioral treatment probe resulted in significant decreases in scores for boys with FXS, but not for boys with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen H Wilkinson
- Ellen H. Wilkinson, Tobias C. Britton, and Scott S. Hall, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Tobias C Britton
- Ellen H. Wilkinson, Tobias C. Britton, and Scott S. Hall, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Scott S Hall
- Ellen H. Wilkinson, Tobias C. Britton, and Scott S. Hall, Stanford University School of Medicine
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19
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Hadders-Algra M. The developing brain: Challenges and opportunities to promote school readiness in young children at risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in low- and middle-income countries. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:989518. [PMID: 36340733 PMCID: PMC9634632 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.989518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper discusses possibilities for early detection and early intervention in infants with or at increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The brain's high rate of developmental activity in the early years post-term challenges early detection. It also offers opportunities for early intervention and facilitation of school readiness. The paper proposes that in the first year post-term two early detection options are feasible for LMICs: (a) caregiver screening questionnaires that carry little costs but predict neurodevelopmental disorders only moderately well; (b) the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination and Standardized Infant NeuroDevelopmental Assessment (SINDA) which are easy tools that predict neurodisability well but require assessment by health professionals. The young brain's neuroplasticity offers great opportunities for early intervention. Ample evidence indicates that families play a critical role in early intervention of infants at increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. Other interventional key elements are responsive parenting and stimulation of infant development. The intervention's composition and delivery mode depend on the infant's risk profile. For instance, in infants with moderately increased risk (e.g., preterm infants) lay community health workers may provide major parts of intervention, whereas in children with neurodisability (e.g., cerebral palsy) health professionals play a larger role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijna Hadders-Algra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental Neurology and University of Groningen, Faculty of Theology and Religious Studies, Groningen, The Netherlands
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20
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Oei JL, Kapadia V, Rabi Y, Saugstad OD, Rook D, Vermeulen MJ, Boronat N, Thamrin V, Tarnow-Mordi W, Smyth J, Wright IM, Lui K, van Goudoever JB, Gebski V, Vento M. Neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants after randomisation to initial resuscitation with lower (FiO 2 <0.3) or higher (FiO 2 >0.6) initial oxygen levels. An individual patient meta-analysis. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2022; 107:386-392. [PMID: 34725105 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2021-321565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of lower (≤0.3) versus higher (≥0.6) initial fractional inspired oxygen (FiO2) for resuscitation on death and/or neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) in infants <32 weeks' gestation. DESIGN Meta-analysis of individual patient data from three randomised controlled trials. SETTING Neonatal intensive care units. PATIENTS 543 children <32 weeks' gestation. INTERVENTION Randomisation at birth to resuscitation with lower (≤0.3) or higher (≥0.6) initial FiO2. OUTCOME MEASURES Primary: death and/or NDI at 2 years of age.Secondary: post-hoc non-randomised observational analysis of death/NDI according to 5-minute oxygen saturation (SpO2) below or at/above 80%. RESULTS By 2 years of age, 46 of 543 (10%) children had died. Of the 497 survivors, 84 (17%) were lost to follow-up. Bayley Scale of Infant Development (third edition) assessments were conducted on 377 children. Initial FiO2 was not associated with difference in death and/or disability (difference (95% CI) -0.2%, -7% to 7%, p=0.96) or with cognitive scores <85 (2%, -5% to 9%, p=0.5). Five-minute SpO2 >80% was associated with decreased disability/death (14%, 7% to 21%) and cognitive scores >85 (10%, 3% to 18%, p=0.01). Multinomial regression analysis noted decreased death with 5-minute SpO2 ≥80% (odds (95% CI) 09.62, 0.98 to 0.96) and gestation (0.52, 0.41 to 0.65), relative to children without death or NDI. CONCLUSION Initial FiO2 was not associated with difference in risk of disability/death at 2 years in infants <32 weeks' gestation but CIs were wide. Substantial benefit or harm cannot be excluded. Larger randomised studies accounting for patient differences, for example, gestation and gender are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Lee Oei
- Newborn Intensive Care Unit, The Royal Hospital for Women, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia .,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vishal Kapadia
- Department of Pediatrics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute-University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Yacov Rabi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ola Didrik Saugstad
- Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Denise Rook
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marijn J Vermeulen
- Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nuria Boronat
- La Fe Health Research Institute, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain.,Division of Neonatology, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Valerie Thamrin
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - William Tarnow-Mordi
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Smyth
- Newborn Intensive Care Unit, The Royal Hospital for Women, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ian M Wright
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kei Lui
- Newborn Intensive Care Unit, The Royal Hospital for Women, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Johannes B van Goudoever
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC-VUMC location, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Val Gebski
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maximo Vento
- La Fe Health Research Institute, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain.,Division of Neonatology, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
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21
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Wang L, Yang C, Jiang D, Zhang S, Jiang Q, Rozelle S. Impact of Parental Beliefs on Child Developmental Outcomes: A Quasi-Experiment in Rural China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127240. [PMID: 35742490 PMCID: PMC9223055 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper examines the impact of parental beliefs on child development outcomes (for both cognitive and social−emotional skills) based on a three-wave longitudinal survey in rural China. The survey waves were conducted when the sample children were 18−30 months, 22−36 months, and 49−65 months, respectively. A total of 815 children and their primary caregivers who participated in all three wave surveys were enrolled in this study. Using difference-in-differences and propensity score matching approaches, the results indicate that strengthened parental beliefs have a positive and significant impact on child social−emotional development. Specifically, between the periods of the Wave 1 survey (when children were 18−30 months old) and the Wave 3 survey (when children were 49−65 months old), and between the Wave 2 survey (when children were 22−36 months old) and the Wave 3 survey, strengthened parental beliefs were causally associated with more favorable child social−emotional scores by 0.44 SD (p < 0.01) and 0.49 SD (p < 0.01), respectively. No significant impact, however, was found between the period of the Wave 1 survey and the Wave 2 survey. In contrast, weakened parental beliefs had a negative and significant impact on child social−emotional development. Specifically, weakened parental beliefs were causally associated with worse child social−emotional abilities by 0.35 SD (p < 0.01), 0.30 SD (p < 0.01), and 0.22 (p < 0.05) for the time period of the Wave 1 to Wave 2, Wave 1 to Wave 3, and Wave 2 to Wave 3, respectively. No significant impact of parental beliefs, however, was found on child cognitive development. In addition, the findings of the mediation analysis show that only a marginal impact of parental beliefs on child social−emotional development can be indirectly explained by parental beliefs through parenting practices. This study calls on policy makers to improve parental beliefs and parenting practices in the hope that it will lead to better child development in rural China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- International Business School, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (L.W.); (C.Y.); (D.J.)
| | - Conghong Yang
- International Business School, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (L.W.); (C.Y.); (D.J.)
| | - Dingjing Jiang
- International Business School, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (L.W.); (C.Y.); (D.J.)
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Stanford Center on China’s Economy and Institutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-153-9918-2411
| | - Qi Jiang
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
| | - Scott Rozelle
- Stanford Center on China’s Economy and Institutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
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22
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Nuño N, Mäusezahl D, Hattendorf J, Verastegui H, Ortiz M, Hartinger SM. Effectiveness of a home-environmental intervention package and an early child development intervention on child health and development in high-altitude rural communities in the Peruvian Andes: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Infect Dis Poverty 2022; 11:66. [PMID: 35668472 PMCID: PMC9169326 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-022-00985-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unsafe drinking water, poor sanitation and hygiene, exposure to household air pollution and low cognitive and socio-emotional stimulation are risk factors affecting children in low- and middle-income countries. We implemented an integrated home-environmental intervention package (IHIP), comprising a kitchen sink, hygiene education and a certified improved biomass cookstove, and an early child development (ECD) programme to improve children´s health and developmental outcomes in the rural high-altitude Andes of Peru. METHODS We conducted a one-year cluster-randomised controlled trial among 317 children < 36 months divided into 4 arms (IHIP + ECD, IHIP, ECD, and Control) and 40 clusters (10 clusters per arm). ECD status (socio-emotional, fine and gross motor, communication, cognitive skills, and an overall performance) measured with the Peruvian Infant Development Scale and the occurrence of self-reported child diarrhoea from caretakers were primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes included the occurrence of acute respiratory infections and the presence of thermo-tolerant faecal bacteria in drinking water. The trial was powered to compare each intervention against its control arm but it did not allow pairwise comparisons among the four arms. Primary analysis followed the intention-to-treat principle. For the statistical analysis, we employed generalised estimating equation models with robust standard errors and an independent correlation structure. RESULTS We obtained ECD information from 101 children who received the ECD intervention (individually and combined with IHIP) and 102 controls. Children who received the ECD intervention performed better in all the domains compared to controls. We found differences in the overall performance (64 vs. 39%, odd ratio (OR): 2.8; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.6-4.9) and the cognitive domain (62 vs 46%, OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.1-3.5). Data analysis of child morbidity included 154 children who received the IHIP intervention (individually and combined with ECD) and 156 controls. We recorded 110,666 child-days of information on diarrhoea morbidity and observed 1.3 mean episodes per child-year in the children who received the IHIP intervention and 1.1 episodes in the controls. This corresponded to an incidence risk ratio of 1.2 (95% CI: 0.8-1.7). CONCLUSIONS Child stimulation improved developmental status in children, but there was no health benefit associated with the home-environmental intervention. Limited year-round access to running water at home and the possible contamination of drinking water after boiling were two potential factors linked to the lack of effect of the home-environmental intervention. Potential interactions between ECD and home-environmental interventions need to be further investigated. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN, ISRCTN-26548981. Registered 15 January 2018-Retrospectively registered, https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN26548981 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor Nuño
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, CH-4123, Allschwil, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4001, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Mäusezahl
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, CH-4123, Allschwil, Switzerland. .,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4001, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jan Hattendorf
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, CH-4123, Allschwil, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4001, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hector Verastegui
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, CH-4123, Allschwil, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4001, Basel, Switzerland.,Unidad de Investigación en Desarrollo Integral, Ambiente y Salud, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Honorio Delgado 430, Urb. Ingeniería, S.M.P., Lima, Peru
| | | | - Stella M Hartinger
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, CH-4123, Allschwil, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4001, Basel, Switzerland.,Unidad de Investigación en Desarrollo Integral, Ambiente y Salud, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Honorio Delgado 430, Urb. Ingeniería, S.M.P., Lima, Peru
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Santos JAT, Ayupe KMA, Lima ALO, Albuquerque KAD, Morgado FFDR, Gutierres Filho PJB. [Psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Denver II: developmental screening test]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2022; 27:1097-1106. [PMID: 35293447 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232022273.40092020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The scope of the Denver II Developmental Screening Test is to assess the development of children between 0 and 6 years of age. The aim of this study was to verify evidence of intra- and inter-examiner reliability, concurrent validity, sensitivity and specificity of the Brazilian version of Denver II. It involved a cross-sectional methodological study. A total of 254 children, between 0 and 72 months with risk of developmental delay, participated in the study. Two examiners verified the Denver II intra- and inter-examiner reliability. Concurrent validity, sensitivity and specificity were checked against the Brazilian version of the Ages & Stages Questionnaires as a criterion-referenced test. Statistical analysis used the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, Spearman's Correlation Test and Contingency Table, the level of significance being α=0.05. The results identified that intra and inter examiner reliability was excellent in all age groups. Concurrent validity showed moderate to very strong rates in the 13-to-60-month age group. The sensitivity and specificity indices ranged from 73-99% and 58-92%, respectively. The Brazilian version of Denver II has good rates of psychometric properties and is a reliable and valid instrument to be applied to Brazilian children at risk of developmental delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina Araujo Teixeira Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade de Brasília. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Faculdade de Educação Física. 70910-900 Brasília DF Brasil.
| | | | | | | | | | - Paulo José Barbosa Gutierres Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade de Brasília. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Faculdade de Educação Física. 70910-900 Brasília DF Brasil.
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Hua J, Barnett AL, Lin Y, Guan H, Sun Y, Williams GJ, Fu Y, Zhou Y, Du W. Association of Gestational Age at Birth With Subsequent Neurodevelopment in Early Childhood: A National Retrospective Cohort Study in China. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:860192. [PMID: 35712637 PMCID: PMC9194570 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.860192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between preterm birth and neurodevelopmental delays have been well examined, however, reliable estimates for the full range of gestational age (GA) are limited, and few studies explored the impact of post-term birth on child development. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the long-term neuropsychological outcomes of children born in a full range of GA with a national representative sample in China. METHODS In this retrospective population-based cohort study, a total of 137,530 preschoolers aged 3-5 years old (65,295/47.5% females and 72,235/52.5% males) were included in the final analysis. The Ages and Stages Questionnaires-Third Edition (ASQ-3) was completed by parents to evaluate children's neurodevelopment. The associations between GA and neurodevelopment were analyzed by a generalized additive mixed model with thin plate regression splines. Logistic regression was also conducted to examine the differences in children's development with different GAs. RESULTS There was a non-linear relationship between GA and children's neurodevelopmental outcomes with the highest scores at 40 weeks gestational age. The adjusted risks of GAs (very and moderately preterm, late-preterm, early-term, and post-term groups) on suspected developmental delays were observed in communication (OR were 1.83, 1.28, 1.13, and 1.21 respectively, each p < 0.05), gross motor skill (OR were 1.67, 1.38, 1.10, and 1.05 respectively, each p < 0.05), and personal social behavior (OR were 1.01, 1.36, 1.12, and 1.18 respectively, each p < 0.05). The adjusted OR of very and moderately preterm, late-preterm, and early-term were observed in fine motor skills (OR were 1.53, 1.22, and 1.09 respectively, each p < 0.05) and problem-solving (OR were 1.33, 1.12, and 1.06 respectively, each p < 0.05). CONCLUSION GAs is a risk factor for neurodevelopmental delays in preschoolers after controlling for a wide range of covariates, and 40-41 weeks may be the ideal delivery GA for optimal neurodevelopmental outcomes. Close observation and monitoring should be considered for early- and post-term born children as well as pre-term children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hua
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Anna L Barnett
- Centre for Psychological Research, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yao Lin
- Haikou Hospital of the Maternal and Child Health, Hainai, China
| | | | - Yuanjie Sun
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gareth J Williams
- School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Yuxuan Fu
- KLATASDS-MOE, School of Statistics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingchun Zhou
- KLATASDS-MOE, School of Statistics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenchong Du
- NTU Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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The Craniofacial Collaboration UK: Developmental Outcomes in 3-Year-Old Children With Metopic Synostosis. J Craniofac Surg 2021; 33:112-116. [PMID: 34967518 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000008045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The Craniofacial Collaboration UK (CC-UK) has been established across the 4 highly specialized craniofacial centers in the UK since 2015. This joint collective aims to address the current limitations within developmental craniofacial research, using robust clinical data from a homogenous sample of children. This paper presents the third wave of findings from the CC-UK, with consideration to developmental and behavioral parent-report measures. Whilst previous data for sagittal synostosis have been presented, this article summarizes the analysis of these outcomes for children with metopic synostosis (MS) at 3 years who have undergone primary corrective surgery. Results highlight similar patterns to that of earlier CC-UK work, with the majority of children falling within 1 standard deviation of the population normative means across all measures. However, statistically significant difficulties were found between group means for children with MS on various developmental and behavioral domains. Prosocial skills and peer difficulties were reported as the greatest areas of behavioral concern for parents, with prosocial skills found to be below the level expected for their chronological age. In order to further understand the developmental trajectory of children with MS, longitudinal examination of individual diagnostic and specific age groups with single-suture craniosynostosis is crucial. The continuation of the CC-UK provides an opportunity to attain this goal.
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Simpson S, Eadie T, Khoo ST, Titmuss A, Maple-Brown LJ, Thompson R, Wunungmurra A, Jeyaseelan D, Dunham M, D'Aprano A. The ASQ-TRAK: Validating a culturally adapted developmental screening tool for Australian Aboriginal children. Early Hum Dev 2021; 163:105481. [PMID: 34678586 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2021.105481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental monitoring, performed using culturally relevant tools, is of critical importance for all young children. The ASQ-TRAK is the culturally and linguistically adapted Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3), a developmental screening tool, for Australian Aboriginal children. While the ASQ-TRAK has been well received in practice, investigating its psychometric properties will enable professionals to make informed decisions about its use. AIMS To conduct a rigorous validation study of the ASQ-TRAK by applying Kane's argument-based approach. SUBJECTS The ASQ-TRAK, Bayley-III and/or BDI-2 were administered cross-sectionally to 336 Australian Aboriginal children aged 2-48 months across ten participating sites in the Northern Territory and South Australia. A sample of staff and caregivers completed feedback surveys about the ASQ-TRAK. RESULTS ASQ-TRAK domain scores were moderately positively correlated with corresponding domain scores on the Bayley-III or BDI-2. Inter-rater and inter-instrument reliability were high. Sensitivity (83%), specificity (83%) and negative predictive value (99%) were acceptable. Staff and caregivers expressed high levels of satisfaction with the ASQ-TRAK. CONCLUSIONS Regular developmental screening can provide important information about developmental vulnerability and the need for services. The ASQ-TRAK should be administered by trained Aboriginal community-based workers and the implementation approach carefully planned. Areas for future research include longitudinal follow-up of children, investigating existing norms and cut-off scores, and considering the appropriateness of the ASQ-TRAK with Aboriginal people from different locations. The ASQ-TRAK has the potential to fill an important gap by enabling better access to high-quality developmental monitoring and targeted early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Simpson
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Tricia Eadie
- Graduate School of Education, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Angela Titmuss
- Wellbeing and Preventable Chronic Diseases Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, NT, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, Division of Women, Children and Youth, Royal Darwin Hospital, NT, Australia
| | - Louise J Maple-Brown
- Wellbeing and Preventable Chronic Diseases Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, NT, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, Royal Darwin Hospital, NT, Australia
| | - Regina Thompson
- Department of Education, Northern Territory Government, NT, Australia
| | - Alison Wunungmurra
- Department of Education, Northern Territory Government, NT, Australia; Yolŋu
| | - Deepa Jeyaseelan
- Child Development Unit, Women's and Children's Hospital, Women's and Children's Health Network, SA, Australia
| | - Marilyn Dunham
- Child and Family Health Service, Women's and Children's Health Network, SA, Australia
| | - Anita D'Aprano
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Child Development and Education, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, NT, Australia; Population Health Theme, Policy and Equity Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, VIC, Australia
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Schonhaut L, Maturana A, Cepeda O, Serón P. Predictive Validity of Developmental Screening Questionnaires for Identifying Children With Later Cognitive or Educational Difficulties: A Systematic Review. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:698549. [PMID: 34900855 PMCID: PMC8651980 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.698549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Parent/caregiver completing developmental screening questionnaires (DSQs) for children before 5 years of age is currently recommended. The DSQs recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) are the Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ), Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS), and the Survey of Well-being of Young Children (SWYC). Nevertheless, their predictive validity has not been well-established. Objective: To assess in the current literature, the value of AAP-recommended DSQs (ASQ, PEDS, SWYC) administered between 0 and 5 years of age, for predicting long-term cognitive achievement and/or school performance (CA/SP), after 1 year or more of evaluation and at/or after age 5 years, in the general population. Data Sources: Cochrane, MEDLINE PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scielo, and Scopus databases (until March 2021). Study Selection: Two authors selected the studies. Forward and backward citation follow-up was done; authors of DSQ were contacted to identify additional studies. Data Extraction: Cohorts were identified, and authors of selected studies were contacted to corroborate and complete extracted data. Results: Thirty-two publications, corresponding to 10 cohorts, were included. All cohorts used ASQ. Only cohort using PEDS was identified but did not meet the inclusion criteria. No cohorts conducted with SWYC were identified. Associations between ASQ and CA/SP were extracted for eight cohorts. The odds ratios were >3, and the area under the curve was 0.66-0.87. A trade-off between sensitivity and specificity was observed. Limitations: Heterogeneity in population characteristics and in DSQ adaptations. Conclusions: A positive association between ASQ and later CA/SP was found in different social, cultural, and economic settings. Additional studies are necessary to determine the impact factors in the predictive capacity of DSQs. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42020183883.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Schonhaut
- Departamento de Pediatría, Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andres Maturana
- Departamento de Pediatría, Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Desarrollo Académico e Investigación, Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Olenkha Cepeda
- Departamento de Desarrollo Académico e Investigación, Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Serón
- Departamento Medicina Interna y Centro de excelencia CIGES, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Early developmental outcome in children born to mothers with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Med 2021; 88:90-95. [PMID: 34740171 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) during pregnancy leads to adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. There have been limited studies evaluated the effect of intrauterine exposure to maternal OSA on childhood developmental outcomes. This study was aimed to evaluate the early development of children born to mothers with gestational OSA and the impact of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. METHODS: Children aged 6-36 months, born to high risk pregnant mothers who had overnight polysomnography performed, were invited to participate. The Ages and Stages Questionnaires, third edition (ASQ-3), age-specific parent-completed questionnaires determining five developmental domains (communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem-solving, and personal-social) were used for developmental screening. Children who had a score of at least one domain less than -1 SD of age cut-off were determined as having a risk of developmental delay (RDD). RESULTS: There were 159 children (47% male, mean age 18 months) enrolled. The maternal PSG showed non-OSA, mild OSA, and moderate OSA in 14%, 46%, and 40%, respectively. Forty-two children (26%) had RDD, and the most affected domains were fine motor and problem-solving. Maternal moderate OSA was significantly associated with RDD (adjusted OR 5.39, 95%CI 1.11-26.12, P 0.037). Subgroup analysis showed that maternal moderate OSA with no CPAP treatment was significantly associated with RDD (OR 6.43, 95%CI 1.34-30.89, P = 0.020) CONCLUSION: Gestational moderate OSA in high-risk pregnancy mothers likely had a negative effect on early childhood developmental outcomes, particularly the mothers who did not have appropriate CPAP treatment.
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Venancio SI, Buccini GS, Alves CRL, Bortoli MC, Bernal RTI, Eickmann SH, Frias PG, Giugliani ERJ, Santos MO. Psychometric properties of the Child Development Assessment Questionnaire (QAD-PIPAS) for use in population studies involving Brazilian children aged 0-59 months. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2021; 97:637-645. [PMID: 33626325 PMCID: PMC9432032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the psychometric properties of the Child Development Assessment Questionnaire (QAD-PIPAS). METHODS This methodological study was comprised of two axes. The first one aimed to analyze the instrument's construct validity (discriminant and concurrent validity) and internal consistency, and the second one examined test-retest reliability, involving two different samples and procedures. For construct validity and internal consistency, the sample was recruited in Embu das Artes-SP, Brasilia-DF and Recife-PE during the immunization campaign in 2017, involving caregivers of 2005 children under 60 months of age (1295 under 36 and 710 from 37 to 59 months). For the test-retest analysis the sample consisted of 30 children aged 0-59 months old that attended daycare centers in Embu das Artes-SP in 2018. RESULTS Multivariate analyses of construct validity showed that the QAD-PIPAS was able to identify the association between the outcome (suspected child development delays) and expected risk and protective factors based on Nurturing Care Framework (OMS/UNICEF). A significant positive correlation was achieved between the scores of the QAD-PIPAS and CREDI in six of the eight age groups analyzed, with the most significant correlations being in the age groups from 25 to 30 and 31-36 months. Acceptable internal consistencies were identified in all age groups, with better performance above 36 months of age (Cronbach's alpha between 0.61 to 0.80). We also found an adequate test-retest reliability (global Kappa 0.81). CONCLUSION The QAD-PIPAS showed evidence of construct validity and reliability to be used in population studies involving children aged 0-59 months during multi-vaccination campaigns in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia I Venancio
- Instituto de Saúde da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, Centro de Tecnologia em Saúde do SUS, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela S Buccini
- University of Nevada, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Las Vegas, United States
| | - Cláudia R L Alves
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Pediatria, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maritsa C Bortoli
- Instituto de Saúde da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, Centro de Tecnologia em Saúde do SUS, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Regina T I Bernal
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Enfermagem, Programa de Pós-Graduação, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Sophie H Eickmann
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento Materno Infantil, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Paulo G Frias
- Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira, Grupo de Estudos de Avaliação em Saúde, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Elsa R J Giugliani
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Pediatria, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Miriam O Santos
- Universidade Católica de Brasília, Escola de Saúde e Medicina, Departamento de Pediatria, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Wang L, Li H, Dill SE, Zhang S, Rozelle S. Does paternal involvement matter for early childhood development in rural China? APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10888691.2021.1990061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui Li
- Shaanxi Normal University
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Colbert AM, Connery AK, Lamb MM, Bauer D, Olson D, Paniagua-Avila A, Martínez MA, Arroyave P, Hernández S, Mirella Calvimontes D, Bolaños GA, El Sahly HM, Muñoz FM, Asturias EJ. Caregiver rating of early childhood development: Reliability and validity of the ASQ-3 in rural Guatemala. Early Hum Dev 2021; 161:105453. [PMID: 34530320 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2021.105453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although performance-based assessment of early childhood development is preferred, there are a number of limitations to this methodology in low resource settings (LRSs). Hence, clinicians and researchers often rely on caregiver report screening tools. The Ages and Stages Questionnaire 3 (ASQ) is one of the most widely used caregiver report measures globally. Adequate psychometric properties have been demonstrated in high income settings, especially when used in older children, high- risk children, or those with severe neurodevelopmental delays. However, its utility is more variable within very young children and for use in LRSs. METHODS The reliability and validity of the ASQ was determined for children ages 0-5 years living in rural Guatemala. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were assessed, as well as concurrent and predictive validity. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values related to performance-based developmental assessment (Mullen Scales of Early Learning; MSEL) and growth status (i.e. stunting) were also calculated. RESULTS Internal consistency reliability for the ASQ was adequate, except when results were limited by small sample size. Test-retest reliability ranged from low to moderate (r = 0.08-0.43; p < 0.05-0.01). However, there was significant variability in mean scores over time across ASQ domain scores. In terms of validity, the ASQ did not discriminate adequately between children who performed within or below age-expectations on performance-based developmental testing or those with and without stunting. CONCLUSIONS The ASQ did not demonstrate adequate psychometric properties in rural Guatemala, consistent with concerns documented in other LRSs. These results indicate that existing caregiver report screening measures of early childhood development should be utilized with caution in LRSs, and alternative methods for assessment or in the development and utilization of caregiver report measures should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Colbert
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States.
| | - Amy K Connery
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Molly M Lamb
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Desiree Bauer
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Daniel Olson
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Alejandra Paniagua-Avila
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - María Alejandra Martínez
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Paola Arroyave
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Sara Hernández
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - D Mirella Calvimontes
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Guillermo A Bolaños
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Hana M El Sahly
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Flor M Muñoz
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Edwin J Asturias
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
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Neurodevelopment in Children Exposed to Zika Virus: What Are the Consequences for Children Who Do Not Present with Microcephaly at Birth? Viruses 2021; 13:v13081427. [PMID: 34452293 PMCID: PMC8402706 DOI: 10.3390/v13081427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The relation of Zika virus (ZIKV) with microcephaly is well established. However, knowledge is lacking on later developmental outcomes in children with evidence of maternal ZIKV infection during pregnancy born without microcephaly. The objective of this analysis is to investigate the impact of prenatal exposure to ZIKV on neuropsychomotor development in children without microcephaly. We evaluated 274 children including 235 ZIKV exposed and 39 controls using the Bayley-III Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BSIDIII) and neurological examination. We observed a difference in cognition with a borderline p-value (p = 0.052): 9.4% of exposed children and none of the unexposed control group had mild to moderate delays. The prevalence of delays in the language and motor domains did not differ significantly between ZIKV-exposed and unexposed children (language: 12.3% versus 12.8%; motor: 4.7% versus 2.6%). Notably, neurological examination results were predictive of neurodevelopmental delays in the BSIDIII assessments for exposed children: 46.7% of children with abnormalities on clinical neurological examination presented with delay in contrast to 17.8% among exposed children without apparent neurological abnormalities (p = 0.001). Overall, our findings suggest that relative to their unexposed peers, ZIKV-exposed children without microcephaly are not at considerably increased risk of neurodevelopmental impairment in the first 42 months of life, although a small group of children demonstrated higher frequencies of cognitive delay. It is important to highlight that in the group of exposed children, an abnormal neuroclinical examination may be a predictor of developmental delay. The article contributes to practical guidance and advances our knowledge about congenital Zika.
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Yue A, Bai Y, Shi Y, Luo R, Rozelle S, Medina A, Sylvia S. Parental Migration and Early Childhood Development in Rural China. Demography 2021; 57:403-422. [PMID: 32166535 DOI: 10.1007/s13524-019-00849-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Nearly one-quarter of all children under age 2 in China are left behind in the countryside as parents migrate to urban areas for work. We use a four-wave longitudinal survey following young children from 6 to 30 months of age to provide first evidence on the effects of parental migration on development, health, and nutritional outcomes in the critical first stages of life. We find that maternal migration has a negative effect on cognitive development: migration before children reach 12 months of age reduces cognitive development by 0.3 standard deviations at age 2. Possible mechanisms include reduced dietary diversity and engagement in stimulating activities, both known to be causally associated with skill development in early life. We find no effects on other dimensions of physical and social-emotional health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Yue
- Center for Experimental Economics in Education (CEEE), Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620 West Chang'an Avenue, Chang'an District, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Bai
- School of Economics, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, China.
| | - Yaojiang Shi
- Center for Experimental Economics in Education (CEEE), Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620 West Chang'an Avenue, Chang'an District, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Renfu Luo
- China Center for Agricultural Policy, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Scott Rozelle
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexis Medina
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sean Sylvia
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health and the Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Eekhout I, van Buuren S. Child development with the D-score: tuning instruments to unity. Gates Open Res 2021. [DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.13223.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The chapter familiarises the reader with an intuitive yet powerful methodology to tune instruments to a common unit, presenting a fresh approach that expresses measurements made by different instruments on the D-score scale. As a result, the reader may compare D-scores between ages, children or cohorts. It shows how to exploit common developmental milestones to bridge instruments and cohorts; presents an analysis to obtain D-scores from 16 cohorts and 14 instruments; compares D-score age-distribution across populations from four continents; suggests an indicator for the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals; and defines developmentally-on-track.
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Trajectories of child cognitive development during ages 0-3 in rural Western China: prevalence, risk factors and links to preschool-age cognition. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:199. [PMID: 33902510 PMCID: PMC8074422 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02650-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive development after age three tends to be stable and can therefore predict cognitive skills in later childhood. However, there is evidence that cognitive development is less stable before age three. In rural China, research has found large shares of children under age three are developmentally delayed, yet little is known about the trajectories of cognitive development between 0 and 3 years of age or how developmental trajectories predict later cognitive skills. This study seeks to describe the trajectories of child cognitive development between the ages of 0-3 years and examine how different trajectories predict cognitive development at preschool age. METHODS We collected three waves of longitudinal panel data from 1245 children in rural Western China. Child cognitive development was measured by the Bayley Scales of Infant Development when the child was 6-12 months and 22-30 months, and by the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Fourth Edition when the child was 49-65 months. We used the two measures of cognitive development before age three to determine the trajectories of child cognitive development. RESULTS Of the children, 39% were never cognitively delayed; 13% were persistently delayed; 7% experienced improving cognitive development; and 41% experienced deteriorating development before age 3. Compared to children who had never experienced cognitive delay, children with persistent cognitive delay and those with deteriorating development before age 3 had significantly lower cognitive scores at preschool age. Children with improving development before age 3 showed similar levels of cognition at preschool age as children who had never experienced cognitive delay. CONCLUSIONS Large shares of children under age 3 in rural Western China show deteriorating cognitive development from infancy to toddlerhood, which predict lower levels of cognition at preschool age. Policymakers should invest in improving cognitive development before age 3 to prevent long-term poor cognition among China's rural children.
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Billotte M, Deken V, Joriot S, Vaksmann G, Richard A, Bouzguenda I, Godart F, Baudelet JB, Rakza T, Nguyen The Tich S, Guillaume MP. Screening for neurodevelopmental disorders in children with congenital heart disease. Eur J Pediatr 2021; 180:1157-1167. [PMID: 33119792 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-020-03850-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) in children with significant congenital heart disease (CHD) and to determine associated factors to NDD and frequency of follow-up in developmental therapies. Two hundred and ten children with significant CHD aged from 6 to 66 months were enrolled over a period of six months. The Ages & Stages Questionnaire Third Edition in French (ASQ-3) was used to assess neurodevelopmental domains. NDD were defined if cut-off scores were ≤ - 1SD. - 1SD corresponded to "Monitor" range: children with minor or emerging disorders; - 2SD corresponded to "Refer" range: children exhibiting neurodevelopmental delays. Forty children were in "Monitor" range and 86 in "Refer" range. NDD rate was 60.0% (n = 126, 95% CI, 53.4 to 66.6%). There was no difference regarding CHD severity (p = 0.99). Only the presence of non-cardiac disease (OR = 2.14; 95% CI, 1.11 to 4.20) was associated with NDD. Forty-six children with NDD had no developmental follow-up (among them 21 were in "Refer" range (10%)) despite this being available.Conclusion: Children with significant CHD are at risk for NDD regardless of CHD severity. Systematic and early monitoring in a specific care program is required. Barriers that prevent access of care must be identified.Trial registration: Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Children With Congenital Heart Disease. NeuroDis-CHD. NCT03360370. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03360370 What is Known: • Children with CHD are at risk for neurodevelopmental disorders and behavioural problems impacting their social adaptation, academic achievements and quality of personal and family life even in adulthood. What is New: • Children with CHD are at risk for neurodevelopmental disorders regardless of the complexity of the CHD. • Even with the availability of appropriate developmental services, children with CHD are not correctly followed, highlighting the need of a specific program of care for a better outcome. Local barriers that prevent access of care of those children must be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Billotte
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Valérie Deken
- EA 2694 Public Health Epidemiology and Quality of Care, University of Lille, University Hospital of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Sylvie Joriot
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, University Hospital of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Guy Vaksmann
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Hôpital privé La Louvière, 59700, Lille, France
| | - Adélaïde Richard
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Hôpital privé La Louvière, 59700, Lille, France
| | - Ivan Bouzguenda
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Hôpital privé La Louvière, 59700, Lille, France
| | - François Godart
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Benoit Baudelet
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Thameur Rakza
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital of Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Marie-Paule Guillaume
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital of Lille, Lille, France. .,Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Hôpital privé La Louvière, 59700, Lille, France.
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Devine N, Gee BM, Aubuchon-Endsley NL, Brumley MR, Ramsdell HL, Swann-Thomsen HE. Investigating infant development through an interprofessional research collaboration: case report. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERAPY AND REHABILITATION 2021. [DOI: 10.12968/ijtr.2018.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background/aims From a dynamic systems perspective of infant development, several systems (eg sensorimotor, perceptual, and reasoning, among others, may self-organise and change behavioural responses over time following experience. These changes in infant behaviour are often measured through the achievement of age-adjusted developmental milestones. However, the majority of research guiding the understanding of typical infant developmental trajectories rarely depicts collaborations across more than one or two disciplines. The purpose of this case report was to describe an interprofessional research collaboration among researchers and clinicians in clinical and experimental psychology, occupational therapy, speech-language pathology, and physical therapy to establish methods and procedures that describe different developmental domains in infancy for a single participant. Methods One infant who was typically developing was video and audio recorded during 60 minutes of free play at ages 8, 12, and 16 months. Four research labs scored the middle 20 minutes of recorded time for infant and caregiver utterances, touch and motor behaviours, play participation and performance, co-occupation, and caregiver sensitivity to infant affect. The combined data from the four labs captured and revealed a rich description of the infant's development from 8 to 16 months of age. Results The data for this single infant indicated that important developmental changes occurred leading to greater independence in communication, mobility and co-occupation, while reducing some of the requirements for attention from the caregiver. Conclusions The procedures used within research labs by principal investigators from four disciplines to describe development in a single infant between 8 and 16 months of age yielded a rich example of development, consistent with published milestones. Future studies with larger sample sizes using the interdisciplinary research methods applied in this case study may improve the understanding of, influences on, and relationships between, infant developmental trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Devine
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Idaho State University, United States
| | - Bryan M Gee
- Doctor of Occupational Therapy Program, Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions, United States
| | | | | | - Heather L Ramsdell
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Idaho State University, United States
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Yue A, Luo X, Jia M, Wang B, Gao Q, Shi Y, Wang S. Concurrent validity of the
MacArthur
communicative development inventory, the Ages and Stages Questionnaires and the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development: A study in rural China. INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/icd.2219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ai Yue
- Center for Experimental Economics in Education (CEEE) Shaanxi Normal University China
| | - Xia Luo
- Center for Experimental Economics in Education (CEEE) Shaanxi Normal University China
| | - Miqi Jia
- Center for Experimental Economics in Education (CEEE) Shaanxi Normal University China
| | - Boya Wang
- Center for Experimental Economics in Education (CEEE) Shaanxi Normal University China
| | - Qiufeng Gao
- Center for Experimental Economics in Education (CEEE) Shaanxi Normal University China
| | - Yaojiang Shi
- Center for Experimental Economics in Education (CEEE) Shaanxi Normal University China
| | - Shun Wang
- KDI School of Public Policy and Management Seoul South Korea
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du Toit MN, van der Linde J, Swanepoel DW. Developmental Risks in Vulnerable Children from a Low-Income South African Community. Matern Child Health J 2021; 25:590-598. [PMID: 33389457 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-020-03111-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the developmental risks, and its influence, in young children from a low-income South African community. METHOD An exploratory, cross-sectional research study design was employed. Developmental screening was conducted during home visits with 126 caregivers and children between 0 and 42 months of age from a low-income South African community. Children who failed the rescreen were referred for diagnostic assessment. A binomial logistic regression was used to determine the effect of developmental risks on developmental outcomes. RESULTS Seventy-three percent of children screened were identified with a possible developmental delay (n = 59) according to caregiver-report using the PEDS tools. The regression model was statistically significant (χ2 (3) = 34.902, p < 0.001) with exposure to multiple languages (p < 0.05; odds ratio 3.810, CI 1.2-12.4) most indicative of potential developmental delay. Older children (19-42 months) were also more at risk of developmental delay (p < 0.001) than younger children (0-18 months). CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE Healthcare professionals serving these vulnerable populations should create awareness amongst caregivers about the effect of developmental risks, in particularly multiple language exposure, on development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria N du Toit
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
| | - Jeannie van der Linde
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - De Wet Swanepoel
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
- Ear Sciences Centre, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia
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Alderman H, Friedman J, Ganga P, Kak M, Rubio-Codina M. Assessing the performance of the Caregiver Reported Early Development Instruments (CREDI) in rural India. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1492:58-72. [PMID: 33378099 PMCID: PMC8246540 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although many education and health programs aim to improve early childhood development, it is challenging to assess developmental levels of infants and small children through large household surveys. The Caregiver Reported Early Development Instruments (CREDI) has been proposed as an adaptable, practical, and low‐cost instrument for measuring the developmental status of children under 3 years of age at scale, as it is relatively short and collected by caregiver report. This study employed the CREDI to measure the development of a sample of 994 children ages 22–35 months in rural India and compared the results to those obtained using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (Bayley‐III), a reliable and widely used instrument, albeit one not always suited to large‐scale data collection efforts given its length, cost, and complexity of administration. The CREDI validation exercise showed that caregivers can provide assessments in keeping with the more interactive (hence more time‐consuming and training‐intensive) Bayley‐III instrument. Noteworthy, there was no indication that concordance of the instruments differed by education of the caregiver. This is important as it points to alternate feasible tools to measure child development outcomes through large‐scale surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold Alderman
- International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC
| | | | - Paula Ganga
- Department of Political Science, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Mohini Kak
- World Bank, South Asia Health, Washington, DC
| | - Marta Rubio-Codina
- Inter-American Development Bank, Social Protection and Health, Washington, DC
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Brady HA, James CR, Dendy DW, Irwin TA, Thompson LD, Camp TM. Gross Motor Skills and Gait Performance in Two- and Three-year-old Children With Developmental Delay Participating in Hippotherapy. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 99:103359. [PMID: 33781428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of 15 sessions of hippotherapy (HPOT) on gross motor skills in children (aged 2-3 years) with gross motor developmental delay (DD) (n = 11) in comparison with age-based controls without DD (n = 6). Gross motor skills in both groups were assessed with the Battelle Developmental Inventory 2nd Edition, and gait parameters were measured using a computerized gait analysis system prestudy and poststudy. The DD group took part in 15 sessions of HPOT, and the control (CON) group did not participate in any equine activities. The statistical analysis examined preintervention and postintervention data in the DD group and compared testing data at the same intervals in controls. Functional motor skills significantly improved after HPOT intervention. Mean percent motor delay score decreased by 24.1 points from pretest to post-test in the DD group, indicating significantly (P < .001) less delay after HPOT. In contrast, mean Battelle Developmental Inventory 2nd Edition motor scores of the CON group were unchanged pre-study to post-study. The two groups' scores were significantly (P < .001) different indicating more improvement in the DD HPOT group when compared with the control group. Gait performance measures did not change significantly (P > .05) from pre-test to post-est in the DD group after HPOT; however, improvement trends were seen in step width and step length after HPOT. The results suggest that HPOT intervention in young children with DD can improve gross motor skills. These data provide important quantitative information concerning the efficacy of early HPOT intervention for children with DD during this critical stage of child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi A Brady
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX.
| | - C Roger James
- Center for Rehabilitation Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX
| | - Douglas W Dendy
- Center for Rehabilitation Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX
| | - Tangela A Irwin
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | - Leslie D Thompson
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | - Tammy M Camp
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX
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Shrestha M, Schwinger C, Hysing M, Chandyo RK, Ulak M, Ranjitkar S, Kvestad I, Sharma S, Shrestha L, Strand TA. Agreement Between Mothers and Fieldworkers While Assessing Child Development Using Ages and Stages Questionnaires, Third Edition in Nepal. Front Psychol 2020; 11:579412. [PMID: 33281678 PMCID: PMC7688742 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.579412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The Ages and Stages Questionnaires, Third Edition (ASQ-3) is becoming a widely used developmental assessment tool. The ASQ-3 can be completed by the caregivers (referred to as “mail out”), or by trained personnel under direct observation of the children (referred to as “home procedure”). Aim: The study was carried out to compare results obtained by the ASQ mail out with those of the ASQ home procedure in a community setting of Bhaktapur, Nepal. Methods: Trained fieldworkers (FWs) performed developmental assessment of 134 children aged 9 months in their homes using the ASQ home procedure. A few days before these assessments, mothers were asked to fill in the same ASQ-3 questionnaire. The concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) was calculated to measure their agreement. Result: The agreement between the ASQ mail out and home procedure was fair for the total score (CCC = 0.54). For the sub-scales, the agreement was good for the gross motor (CCC = 0.65), for the remaining subscales agreement was poor (CCC < 0.4). Conclusion: In resource limited setting like Nepal, the ASQ mail out represents an easy method to assess child development by caretakers at home; however, with the poor agreement between different methods of assessments, we cannot conclude that a single method is superior or most optimal and this question should be investigated further. When either of the method home procedure or mail out is opted, the results should be interpreted with cautions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine Schwinger
- Centre for International Health Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mari Hysing
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Manjeswori Ulak
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Ingrid Kvestad
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare (RKBU), Bergen, Norway
| | - Shakun Sharma
- Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Tor A Strand
- Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway
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Li Y, Tang L, Bai Y, Zhao S, Shi Y. Reliability and validity of the Caregiver Reported Early Development Instruments (CREDI) in impoverished regions of China. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:475. [PMID: 33046019 PMCID: PMC7549226 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02367-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a great need in low- and middle- income countries for sound qualitative and monitoring tools assessing early childhood development outcomes. Although there are many instruments to measure the developmental status of infants and toddlers, their use in large scale studies is still limited because of high costs in both time and money. The Caregiver Reported Early Development Instruments (CREDI), however, were designed to serve as a population-level measure of early childhood development for children from birth to age three, and have been used in 17 low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the CREDI in China, which is still unknown. Methods The CREDI and the ASQ-3 was administered to a sample of 946 children aged 5–36 months from urban and rural communities, in which 248 children was administered with Bayley-III. Results The internal consistency of the CREDI was high, which indicates that the scale internal consistency reliability is quite good. The results also indicated that the concurrent validity of the CREDI with the Bayley-III scale was high in general. Ordinary least squares regression showed that the CREDI is highly consistent with previous widely used instruments in some key predictors (such as the home stimulation) of early childhood development level. Conclusions All the results in the current study indicate that the CREDI may be considered an appropriate instrument to measure early childhood development status on a large scale in impoverished regions of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Center for Experimental Economics in Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lei Tang
- Center for Experimental Economics in Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yu Bai
- School of Economics, Minzu University of China, China Institute for Vitalizing Border Areas and Enriching the People, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Shuhang Zhao
- Center for Experimental Economics in Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yaojiang Shi
- Center for Experimental Economics in Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi Province, China
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Celhay P, Martinez S, Vidal C. Measuring socioeconomic gaps in nutrition and early child development in Bolivia. Int J Equity Health 2020; 19:122. [PMID: 32690012 PMCID: PMC7370503 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-020-01197-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A large body of evidence shows that socioeconomic status (SES) is strongly associated to children’s early development, health and nutrition. Few studies have looked at within sample differences across multiple measures of child nutrition and development. This paper examines SES gaps in child nutritional status and development in Bolivia using a representative sample of children 0–59 months old and a rich set of outcomes, including micronutrient deficiencies, anthropometic measures, and gross motor and communicative development. Methods We construct direct and proxy measures of living standards based on household expenditures and on ownership of assets combined with access to services and dwelling characteristics. The data for this study come from a nationally representative household survey in Bolivia that contains information on health, nutrition, and child development tests. We used a regression framework to assess the adjusted associations between child development outcomes and socioeconomic status, after controlling for other demographic factors that might affect child’s development. The SES gap in child development was estimated by OLS. To explore when the development gaps between children in different socioeconomic groups start and how they change for children at different ages, we analyze the differences in outcomes between the poorest (Q1) and richest (Q5) quintiles by child’s age by estimating kernel weighted local polynomial regressions of standardized scores for all child development indicators. Results There are large and statistically significant differences in all anthropometrics z-scores between children in Q5 and children in Q1: height for age (0.95 SD), weight for age (0.70 SD), and weight for height (0.21 SD). When we divide the sample into children at the bottom and top consumption quintiles the results show that 68.6% of children in the poorest quintile are anemic. While this percentage falls to 40.9% for children in the richest quintile, it remains high compared to other countries in the region. The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency is 29.9% for children in the richest quintile and almost 10 percentage points higher for those at the bottom quintile (39.0%); the prevalence of Iron deficiency for children in the top and bottom quintiles is 16.4% and 23.8%, respectively. Compared to the most deprived quintile, children in the wealthiest quintile are less likely to have iron deficiency, anemia, to be stunted, and to have a risk of delays in gross motor and communicative development. At age three, most of these gaps have increased substantially. Our findings are robust to the choice of socioeconomic measurement and highlight the need for targeted policies to reduce developmental gaps. Conclusion These findings highlight the need for targeted public policies that invest in multiple dimensions of child development as early as possible, including health, nutrition and cognitive and verbal stimulation. From a policy perspective, the large socioeconomic gaps in nutrition outcomes documented here reinforce the need to strengthen efforts that tackle the multiple causes of malnutrition for the poorest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Celhay
- School of Government, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile and Millennium Nuclei for the Study of the Life Course and Vulnerability, Avda. Vicuña Mackenna 4860 - Macul, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Sebastian Martinez
- Inter-American Development Bank, 1300 New York Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, 20577, USA
| | - Cecilia Vidal
- Inter-American Development Bank, 1300 New York Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, 20577, USA
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Andrew A, Attanasio O, Augsburg B, Day M, Grantham‐McGregor S, Meghir C, Mehrin F, Pahwa S, Rubio‐Codina M. Effects of a scalable home-visiting intervention on child development in slums of urban India: evidence from a randomised controlled trial. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2020; 61:644-652. [PMID: 31797385 PMCID: PMC7242140 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An estimated 63.4 million Indian children under 5 years are at risk of poor development. Home visits that use a structured curriculum to help caregivers enhance the quality of the home stimulation environment improve developmental outcomes. However, achieving effectiveness in poor urban contexts through scalable models remains challenging. METHODS Using a cluster randomised controlled trial, we evaluated a psychosocial stimulation intervention, comprising weekly home visits for 18 months, in urban slums of Cuttack, Odisha, India. The intervention is complementary to existing early childhood services in India and was run and managed through a local branch of a national NGO. The study ran from August 2013 to July 2015. We enrolled 421 children aged 10-20 months from 54 slums. Slums were randomised to intervention or control. Primary outcomes were children's cognitive, receptive language, expressive language and fine motor development assessed using the Bayley-III. Prespecified intent-to-treat analysis investigated impacts and heterogeneity by gender. TRIAL REGISTRATIONS ISRCTN89476603, AEARCTR-0000169. RESULTS Endline data for 378 (89.8%) children were analysed. Attrition was balanced between groups. We found improvements of 0.349 of a standard deviation (SD; p = .005, stepdown p = .017) to cognition while impacts on receptive language, expressive language and fine motor development were, respectively, 0.224 SD (p = .099, stepdown p = .184), 0.192 SD (p = .085, stepdown p = .184) and 0.111 (p = .385, stepdown p = .385). A child development factor improved by 0.301 SD (p = .032). Benefits were larger for boys. The quality of the home stimulation environment also improved. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that a potentially scalable home-visiting intervention is effective in poor urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Andrew
- Institute for Fiscal StudiesLondonUK,Department of EconomicsUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Orazio Attanasio
- Institute for Fiscal StudiesLondonUK,Department of EconomicsUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Monimalika Day
- Center for Early Childhood Education and DevelopmentAmbedkar UniversityDelhiIndia
| | | | - Costas Meghir
- Institute for Fiscal StudiesLondonUK,Department of EconomicsYale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Fardina Mehrin
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease ResearchDhakaBangladesh
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Rubio-Codina M, Grantham-McGregor S. Predictive validity in middle childhood of short tests of early childhood development used in large scale studies compared to the Bayley-III, the Family Care Indicators, height-for-age, and stunting: A longitudinal study in Bogota, Colombia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231317. [PMID: 32348359 PMCID: PMC7190101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing global commitment to establish early childhood interventions that promote the development of the millions of disadvantaged children in low- and middle-income countries not reaching their developmental potential. However, progress is hindered by the lack of valid developmental tests feasible for use at large scale. Consequently, there is an urgent need for such tests. Whilst screeners and single-domain tests ('short tests') are used as alternatives, their predictive validity in these circumstances is unknown. A longitudinal study in Bogota, Colombia began in 2011 when 1,311 children ages 6-42 months were given the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (Bayley-III) by psychologists and randomized to receive one of two batteries of short tests under survey conditions. Concurrent validity of the short tests with the Bayley-III ('gold standard') was reported. In 2016, at 6-8 years, 940 of these children were given tests of IQ (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, WISC-V) and school achievement (arithmetic, reading, and vocabulary) by psychologists. We compared the ability of the short tests, the Family Care Indicators (FCI), height-for-age, stunting (median height-for-age <-2 SD), and the Bayley-III to predict IQ and achievement in middle childhood. Predictive validity increased with age for all tests, and cognition and language were usually the highest scales. At 6-18 months, all tests had trivial predictive ability. Thereafter, the Bayley-III had the highest predictive validity, but the Denver Developmental Screening Test was the most feasible and valid short test and could be used with little validity loss compared with the Bayley-III. The MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory at 19-30 months and the FCI under 31 months predicted IQ and school achievement as well as the Bayley-III. The FCI had higher predictive validity than stunting and height-for-age, and could be added to stunting for use as a population-based indicator of child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rubio-Codina
- Social Protection and Health Division, Inter-American Development Bank, Washington, D.C., United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Sally Grantham-McGregor
- Faculty of Population Health Sciences, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Lopez Boo F, Cubides Mateus M, Llonch Sabatés A. Initial psychometric properties of the Denver II in a sample from Northeast Brazil. Infant Behav Dev 2020; 58:101391. [PMID: 32120177 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2019.101391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This paper assesses the initial psychometric properties of the Denver Developmental Screening Test (Denver II), a widely used child development measure in its first population-level administration in Brazil. The Portuguese version was administered to 2755 children under three years of age who were eligible for a home visiting program in Fortaleza, Northeast Brazil. We examine the measure's internal consistency and verify construct validity by testing the dimensionality through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and estimating associations with household socioeconomic variables (e.g., poverty, maternal education, stunting, and parenting practices). The test was found to be psychometrically robust and culturally relevant. Although we found a good fit with the structure proposed by the instrument's author, a structure of two latent variables (motor and cognitive) provided a better fit. This validity exercise provides useful information for policymakers and researchers interested in using this instrument in the Brazilian context or a similar one in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Lopez Boo
- Inter-American Development Bank, 1300 New York Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20577 USA.
| | - Mayaris Cubides Mateus
- Educational Psychology - Applied Developmental Science, Curry School of Education, University of Virginia, 405 Emmet Street, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA..
| | - Ana Llonch Sabatés
- Universidade de Guarulhos, Praça Teresa Cristina, s/n - Centro, Guarulhos, SP, 07115-280, Brazil.
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Miller LC, Neupane S, Joshi N, Shrestha M, Neupane S, Lohani M, Thorne-Lyman AL. Diet quality over time is associated with better development in rural Nepali children. MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION 2020; 16:e12964. [PMID: 32048475 PMCID: PMC7296824 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Developmental delays affect between 150 and 200 million children <5 years of age worldwide. Outside of diet supplement studies, relatively little is known about the relationships between diet quality and developmental status in resource‐poor settings. We examined associations between different aspects of dietary quality (dietary diversity score [DDS] and animal‐source food [ASF] consumption) and child development (assessed using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire‐3 [ASQ‐3]) among children whose families were enrolled in a community development intervention trial (implemented by Heifer Nepal) in western Nepal. Two sets of analyses were performed: (a) cross‐sectional Sample (N = 629) seen at the endline survey and (b) longitudinal sample (N = 269) with complete dietary records (six surveys over 48 months). In both samples, child development was significantly related to household wealth, maternal education, and especially home environmental quality. In the cross‐sectional sample, greater consumption of eggs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.80, p = .04) or dairy products (aOR 0.95, p = .05) over the previous 7 days significantly reduced odds of low total ASQ score, by logistic regression analysis. In the longitudinal sample, only egg consumption and cumulative DDS and ASF scores were associated with significantly reduced odds of low total ASQ score (aORs 0.59–0.89). In adjusted linear regression analysis, both cumulative DDS (β [CI]: 1.92 [0.4, 3.5]) and ASF scores (2.46 [0.3, 4.7]) were significantly associated with greater continuous total child development. Programmes targeting child development must address home environmental quality as well as long‐term diet quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie C Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, and Eliot-Pearson Department of Child Study and Human Development, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sumanta Neupane
- International Food Policy Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Merina Shrestha
- Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvhan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | | | - Andrew L Thorne-Lyman
- International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Altafim ERP, McCoy DC, Brentani A, Escobar AMDU, Grisi SJ, Fink G. Measuring early childhood development in Brazil: validation of the Caregiver Reported Early Development Instruments (CREDI). JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Altafim ERP, McCoy DC, Brentani A, Escobar AMDU, Grisi SJFE, Fink G. Measuring early childhood development in Brazil: validation of the Caregiver Reported Early Development Instruments (CREDI). J Pediatr (Rio J) 2020; 96:66-75. [PMID: 30102876 PMCID: PMC9432122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aims to analyze the psychometric properties and general validity of the Caregiver Reported Early Development Instruments (CREDI) short form for the population-level assessment of early childhood development for Brazilian children under age 3. METHOD The study analyzed the acceptability, test-retest reliability, internal consistency and discriminant validity of the CREDI short-form tool. The study also analyzed the concurrent validity of the CREDI with a direct observational measure (Inter-American Development Bank's Regional Project on Child Development Indicators; PRIDI). The full sample includes 1,265 Brazilian caregivers of children from 0 to 35 months (678 of which comprising an in-person sample and 587 an online sample). RESULTS Results from qualitative interviews suggest overall high rates of acceptability. Most of the items showed adequate test-retest reliability, with an average agreement of 84%. Cronbach's alpha suggested adequate internal consistency/inter-item reliability (α>0.80) for the CREDI within each of the six age groups (0-5, 6-11, 12-17, 18-23, 24-29 and 30-35 months of age). Multivariate analyses of construct validity showed that a significant proportion of the variance in CREDI scores could be explained by child gender and family characteristics, most importantly caregiver-reported cognitive stimulation in the home (p<0.0001). Regarding concurrent validity, scores on the CREDI were significantly correlated with overall PRIDI scores within the in-person sample at r=0.46 (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that the CREDI short form is a valid, reliable, and acceptable measure of early childhood development for children under the age of 3 years in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Rachel Pisani Altafim
- Instituto para a Valorização da Educação e da Pesquisa no Estado de São Paulo (IVEPESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Dana Charles McCoy
- Harvard University, Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, United States
| | - Alexandra Brentani
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Medicina (FM), Departamento de Pediatria, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria de Ulhôa Escobar
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Medicina (FM), Departamento de Pediatria, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra J F E Grisi
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Medicina (FM), Departamento de Pediatria, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Günther Fink
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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