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Boni C, Bonifacio M, Vezzalini M, Scaffidi L, Tomasello L, Parker LL, Boscarino D, Paladin D, Krampera M, Sorio C. Successful Preservation of Native BCR::ABL1 in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Primary Leukocytes Reveals a Reduced Kinase Activity. Front Oncol 2022; 12:904510. [PMID: 35756686 PMCID: PMC9216732 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.904510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disease caused by the acquisition of t(9;22) generating the fusion tyrosine kinase BCR::ABL1. However, despite the crucial role of this protein in the dysregulation of numerous signal transduction pathways, a direct measure of BCR::ABL1 kinase activity in chronic phase (CP) CML was never accomplished due to intense degradative activity present in mature leukocytes. Therefore, we developed a procedure suitable to preserve BCR::ABL1 protein under non-denaturing, neutral pH conditions in primary, chronic phase (CP)-CML samples. As a result, specific kinase activity was detected utilizing a biotinylated peptide substrate highly selective for c-ABL1. Furthermore, through this approach, BCR::ABL1 kinase activity was barely detectable in CP-CML compared to Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia primary samples, where kinase activity is comparable to those measured in Ph+ cell lines. These in vitro findings provide the first direct measure of BCR::ABL1 kinase activity in primary CP-CML and reveal the presence of a still uncharacterized inhibitory mechanism that maintains BCR::ABL1 in a low activity state in CP-CML despite its overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Boni
- Department of Medicine, General Pathology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Marzia Vezzalini
- Department of Medicine, General Pathology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Luigi Scaffidi
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Luisa Tomasello
- Department of Medicine, General Pathology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Laurie L Parker
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | | | | | - Mauro Krampera
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Claudio Sorio
- Department of Medicine, General Pathology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Kruk M, Widstrom N, Jena S, Wolter NL, Blankenhorn JF, Abdalla I, Yang TY, Parker LL. Assays for tyrosine phosphorylation in human cells. Methods Enzymol 2019; 626:375-406. [PMID: 31606083 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinases are important for many cellular processes and disruption of their regulation is a factor in diseases like cancer, therefore they are a major target of anticancer drugs. There are many ways to measure tyrosine kinase activity in cells by monitoring endogenous substrate phosphorylation, or by using peptide substrates and incubating them with cell lysates containing active kinases. However, most of these strategies rely on antibodies and/or are limited in how accurately they model the intracellular environment. In cases in which activity needs to be measured in cells, but endogenous substrates are not known and/or suitable phosphospecific antibodies are not available, cell-deliverable peptide substrates can be an alternative and can provide information on activation and inhibition of kinases in intact, live cells. In this chapter, we review this methodology and provide a protocol for measuring Abl kinase activity in human cells using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a generic antiphosphotyrosine antibody for detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Kruk
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Naomi Widstrom
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Sampreeti Jena
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Nicole L Wolter
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - John F Blankenhorn
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Ibrahim Abdalla
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Tzu-Yi Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Laurie L Parker
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
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Noel BM, Ouellette SB, Marholz L, Dickey D, Navis C, Yang TY, Nguyen V, Parker SJ, Bernlohr D, Sachs Z, Parker LL. Multiomic Profiling of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Resistant K562 Cells Suggests Metabolic Reprogramming To Promote Cell Survival. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:1842-1856. [PMID: 30730747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy can occur through a wide variety of mechanisms. Resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) often arises from kinase mutations-however, "off-target" resistance occurs but is poorly understood. Previously, we established cell line resistance models for three TKIs used in chronic myeloid leukemia treatment, and found that resistance was not attributed entirely to failure of kinase inhibition. Here, we performed global, integrated proteomic and transcriptomic profiling of these cell lines to describe mechanisms of resistance at the protein and gene expression level. We used whole transcriptome sequencing and SWATH-based data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS), which does not require isotopic labels and provides quantitative measurements of proteins in a comprehensive, unbiased fashion. The proteomic and transcriptional data were correlated to generate an integrated understanding of the gene expression and protein alterations associated with TKI resistance. We defined mechanisms of resistance and two novel markers, CA1 and alpha-synuclein, that were common to all TKIs tested. Resistance to all of the TKIs was associated with oxidative stress responses, hypoxia signatures, and apparent metabolic reprogramming of the cells. Metabolite profiling and glucose-dependence experiments showed that resistant cells had routed their metabolism through glycolysis (particularly through the pentose phosphate pathway) and exhibited disruptions in mitochondrial metabolism. These experiments are the first to report a global, integrated proteomic, transcriptomic, and metabolic analysis of TKI resistance. These data suggest that although the mechanisms are complex, targeting metabolic pathways along with TKI treatment may overcome pan-TKI resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett M Noel
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Steven B Ouellette
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Laura Marholz
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Deborah Dickey
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Connor Navis
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Tzu-Yi Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Vinh Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Sarah J Parker
- Smidt Heart Institute , Cedars Sinai , Los Angeles , California 90048 , United States
| | - David Bernlohr
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Zohar Sachs
- Department of Medicine , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Laurie L Parker
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
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