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Recuero E, Caterino MS. A second species of the pill millipede genus Nearctomeris Wesener, 2012 (Diplopoda, Glomerida) from the Great Smoky Mountains, USA. Zookeys 2023; 1166:333-349. [PMID: 38323085 PMCID: PMC10846838 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1166.103516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
We describe a second species of Nearctomeris Wesener, 2012, a genus of pill millipede endemic to the southern Appalachians, based on morphological and molecular evidence. The fauna of Glomerida in America is characterized by its low diversity, and Nearctomerissmokysp. nov. is only the fifth species of the order known from the eastern United States. Our phylogenetic analyses based on COI sequences recover a tentatively monophyletic lineage including both eastern American genera Onomeris Cook, 1896 and Nearctomeris, with a common ancestor in the Late Cretaceous to Mid Eocene and extant diversity within genera dating back to the Miocene. Our results suggest that the observed low diversity of the group in the eastern US is likely caused by extinction events, but it is also possible that new species are yet to be found. We provide new records for Nearctomerisinexpectata Wesener, 2012, Onomerisunderwoodi Cook, 1896 and O.australora Hoffman, 1950; the latter is here reported for the first time from South Carolina. We also present DNA barcoding data for all species of Glomerida present in the US that are not yet publicly available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Recuero
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, 277 Poole Agricultural Center, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0310, USAClemson UniversityClemsonUnited States of America
| | - Michael S. Caterino
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, 277 Poole Agricultural Center, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0310, USAClemson UniversityClemsonUnited States of America
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Likhitrakarn N, Srisonchai R, Siriwut W, Jirapatrasilp P, Jeratthitikul E, Panha S, Sutcharit C. Review of the pill millipede genus Hyperglomeris Silvestri, 1917 (Diplopoda, Glomerida, Glomeridae) with description of two new species from Laos. Zookeys 2023; 1163:177-198. [PMID: 37273516 PMCID: PMC10238914 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1163.103950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pill millipede genus Hyperglomeris Silvestri, 1917 is reported from Laos for the first time. Two new species, namely H.bicaudata Likhitrakarn, sp. nov. and H.inkhavilayi Likhitrakarn, sp. nov., from Houaphanh and Khammouane provinces, northern Laos, are described and illustrated based on morphological characters and molecular analyses. Sequences of COI gene were used as DNA barcoding markers, and successfully supported the accurate identification of other Glomeridae species. Interspecific divergence of the COI uncorrected p-distance between these new species and other Hyperglomeris species ranged from 7.84-13.07%, while the intraspecific divergence was 0.45% in H.inkhavilayisp. nov. and 5.3% in H.bicaudatasp. nov. The updated status of Hyperglomeris, a map of its distribution, and identification keys for all species are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natdanai Likhitrakarn
- Program of Agriculture, Faculty of Agricultural Production, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, ThailandMaejo UniversityChiang MaiThailand
| | - Ruttapon Srisonchai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandKhon Kaen UniversityKhon KaenThailand
| | - Warut Siriwut
- Animal Systematics and Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Parin Jirapatrasilp
- Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, ThailandChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Ekgachai Jeratthitikul
- Animal Systematics and Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Somsak Panha
- Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, ThailandChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
- Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok 10300, ThailandAcademy of Science, The Royal Society of ThailandBangkokThailand
| | - Chirasak Sutcharit
- Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, ThailandChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
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Platania L, Gómez-Zurita J. Analysis of intrinsic evolutionary factors leading to microendemic distributions in New Caledonian leaf beetles. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6909. [PMID: 37106022 PMCID: PMC10140066 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34104-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microendemicity, or the condition of some species having local ranges, is a relatively common pattern in nature. However, the factors that lead to this pattern are still largely unknown. Most studies addressing this issue tend to focus on extrinsic factors associated with microendemic distributions, such as environmental conditions, hypothesising a posteriori about underlying potential speciation mechanisms, linked or not to these conditions. Here, we use a multi-faceted approach mostly focusing on intrinsic factors instead, namely diversification dynamics and speciation modes in two endemic sibling genera of leaf beetles with microendemic distributions, Taophila and Tricholapita, in a microendemicity hotspot, New Caledonia. Results suggest that the diversification rate in this lineage slowed down through most of the Neogene and consistently with a protracted speciation model possibly combined with several ecological and environmental factors potentially adding rate-slowing effects through time. In turn, species accumulated following successive allopatric speciation cycles, possibly powered by marked geological and climatic changes in the region in the last 25 million years, with daughter species ranges uncorrelated with the time of speciation. In this case, microendemicity seems to reflect a mature state for the system, rather than a temporary condition for recent species, as suggested for many microendemic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Platania
- Botanical Institute of Barcelona (CSIC-Ajuntament Barcelona), Pg. del Migdia S/N, 08038, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Gómez-Zurita
- Botanical Institute of Barcelona (CSIC-Ajuntament Barcelona), Pg. del Migdia S/N, 08038, Barcelona, Spain.
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Wesener T. The oldest pill millipede fossil: A species of the Asiatic pill millipede genus Hyleoglomeris in Baltic amber (Diplopoda: Glomerida: Glomeridae). ZOOL ANZ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Reip HS, Wesener T. Intraspecific variation and phylogeography of the millipede model organism, the Black Pill Millipede Glomerismarginata (Villers, 1789) (Diplopoda, Glomerida, Glomeridae). Zookeys 2019; 741:93-131. [PMID: 30872937 PMCID: PMC5904428 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.741.21917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Black Pill Millipede, Glomerismarginata, is the best studied millipede species and a model organism for Diplopoda. Glomerismarginata is widespread, with numerous colour morphs occurring across its range, especially in the south. This study investigates whether colour morphs might represent cryptic species as well as the haplotype diversity and biogeography of G.marginata. The results of the COI barcoding fragment analysis include 97 G.marginata, as well as 21 specimens from seven potentially related species: G.intermedia Latzel, 1884, G.klugii Brandt, 1833 (G.undulata C.L. Koch, 1844), G.connexa Koch, 1847, G.hexasticha Brandt, 1833, G.maerens Attems, 1927, G.annulata Brandt, 1833 and G.apuana Verhoeff, 1911. The majority of the barcoding data was obtained through the German Barcode of Life project (GBOL). Interspecifically, G.marginata is separated from its congeners by a minimum uncorrected genetic distance of 12.9 %, confirming its monophyly. Uncorrected intraspecific distances of G.marginata are comparable to those of other widespread Glomeris species, varying between 0–4.7%, with the largest genetic distances (>2.5 %) found at the Mediterranean coast. 97 sampled specimens of G.marginata yielded 47 different haplotypes, with identical haplotypes occurring at large distances from one another, and different haplotypes being present in populations occurring in close proximity. The highest number of haplotypes was found in the best-sampled area, western Germany. The English haplotype is identical to northern Spain; specimens from southern Spain are closer to French Mediterranean specimens. Analyses (CHAO1) show that approximately 400 different haplotypes can be expected in G.marginata. To cover all haplotypes, it is projected that up to 6,000 specimens would need to be sequenced, highlighting the impossibility of covering the whole genetic diversity in barcoding attempts of immobile soil arthropod species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans S Reip
- Senckenberg Museum für Naturkunde Görlitz, Am Museum 1, 02826 Görlitz, Germany Senckenberg Museum für Naturkunde Görlitz Görlitz Germany
| | - Thomas Wesener
- Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Leibniz Institute for Animal Biodiversity, Adenauerallee 160, D-53113 Bonn, Germany Leibniz Institute for Animal Biodiversity Bonn Germany
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Wesener T. An integrative and citizen science based approach to the rediscovery and redescription of the only known high-altitude endemic Pill Millipede, Glomeris aurita Koch (Diplopoda, Glomerida). PeerJ 2018; 6:e5569. [PMID: 30225175 PMCID: PMC6139249 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The pill millipede species Glomeris auritaKoch, 1847 remained of relative unknown origin and appearance until its recent rediscovery in samples from the Bergamasque Alps, northern Italy. In order to provide an integrative redescription and accurate identification of the high-altitude microendemic G. aurita, COI barcode sequences from three individuals coming from two different localities were obtained. These sequences are compared with those of the syntopic endemic G. oblongoguttataVerhoeff, 1894, the widespread black morph of G. romanaVerhoeff, 1900, as well as several widespread species including G. marginataVillers, 1789, G. connexaKoch, 1847, and G. klugiiBrandt, 1833, which have rare colour morphs that exhibit some similarity to G. aurita. To rule-out any identity confusion of G. aurita with other high-altitude or little-known Italian Glomeris, specimens of G. transalpinaKoch, 1836, G. oropensisVerhoeff, 1934, and G. primordialisVerhoeff, 1932 were also added to the dataset. Altogether, 24 sequences were compared. Morphologically, the specimens of G. aurita were studied utilizing scanning electron microscopy as well as non-invasive micro-CT technology. The distribution of both Bergamasque endemics, G. aurita and G. oblongoguttata, could be mapped and compared utilizing samples from the Museo civico di Scienze Naturali di Bergamo, as well as photographic evidence from an Italian naturalist forum. G. aurita has a very short active period and is the first known pill millipede species restricted to mountain tops and cold places, possibly representing a Nunatak survivor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wesener
- Center for Taxonomy and Evolutionary Research (Section Myriapoda), Zoological Research Museum A. Koenig, Leibniz Institute for Animal Biodiversity, Bonn, Germany
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Vondráček D, Fuchsová A, Ahrens D, Král D, Šípek P. Phylogeography and DNA-based species delimitation provide insight into the taxonomy of the polymorphic rose chafer Protaetia (Potosia) cuprea species complex (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) in the Western Palearctic. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192349. [PMID: 29462164 PMCID: PMC5819786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of modern methods of species delimitation, unified under the "integrated taxonomy" approach, allows a critical examination and re-evaluation of complex taxonomic groups. The rose chafer Protaetia (Potosia) cuprea is a highly polymorphic species group with a large distribution range. Despite its overall commonness, its taxonomy is unclear and subject to conflicting hypotheses, most of which largely fail to account for its evolutionary history. Based on the sequences of two mitochondrial markers from 65 individuals collected across the species range, and a detailed analysis of morphological characters including a geometric morphometry approach, we infer the evolutionary history and phylogeography of the P. cuprea species complex. Our results demonstrate the existence of three separate lineages in the Western Palearctic region, presumably with a species status. However, these lineages are in conflict with current taxonomic concepts. None of the 29 analyzed morphological characters commonly used in the taxonomy of this group proved to be unambiguously species- or subspecies- specific. The geometric morphometry analysis reveals a large overlap in the shape of the analyzed structures (pronotum, meso-metaventral projection, elytra and aedeagus), failing to identify either the genetically detected clades or the classical species entities. Our results question the monophyly of P. cuprea in regard to P. cuprina, as well as the species status of P. metallica. On the other hand, we found support for the species status of the Sicilian P. hypocrita. Collectively, our findings provide a new and original insight into the taxonomy and phylogeny of the P. cuprea species complex. At the same time, the results represent the first attempt to elucidate the phylogeography of these polymorphic beetles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Vondráček
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Fuchsová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dirk Ahrens
- Department of Arthropoda, Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany
| | - David Král
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šípek
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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