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Kochish II, Brazhnik EA, Vorobyov NI, Nikonov IN, Korenyuga MV, Myasnikova OV, Griffin DK, Surai PF, Romanov MN. Features of Fractal Conformity and Bioconsolidation in the Early Myogenesis Gene Expression and Their Relationship to the Genetic Diversity of Chicken Breeds. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:521. [PMID: 36766410 PMCID: PMC9913260 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Elements of fractal analysis are widely used in scientific research, including several biological disciplines. In this study, we hypothesized that chicken breed biodiversity manifests not only at the phenotypic level, but also at the genetic-system level in terms of different profiles of fractal conformity and bioconsolidation in the early myogenesis gene expression. To demonstrate this effect, we developed two mathematical models that describe the fractal nature of the expression of seven key genes in the embryonic breast and thigh muscles in eight breeds of meat, dual purpose, egg and game types. In the first model, we produced breed-specific coefficients of gene expression conformity in each muscle type using the slopes of regression dependencies, as well as an integral myogenesis gene expression index (MGEI). Additionally, breed fractal dimensions and integral myogenesis gene expression fractal dimension index (MGEFDI) were determined. The second gene expression model was based on plotting fractal portraits and calculating indices of fractal bioconsolidation. The bioconsolidation index of myogenesis gene expression correlated with the chick growth rate and nitric oxide (NO) oxidation rate. The proposed fractal models were instrumental in interpreting the genetic diversity of chickens at the level of gene expression for early myogenesis, NO metabolism and the postnatal growth of chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan I. Kochish
- K. I. Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, 109472 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Nikolai I. Vorobyov
- All-Russia Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ilya N. Nikonov
- K. I. Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, 109472 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim V. Korenyuga
- K. I. Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, 109472 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V. Myasnikova
- K. I. Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, 109472 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Peter F. Surai
- Vitagene and Health Research Centre, Bristol BS4 2RS, UK
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent Istvan University, H-2103 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Michael N. Romanov
- K. I. Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, 109472 Moscow, Russia
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
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Kochish II, Titov VY, Nikonov IN, Brazhnik EA, Vorobyov NI, Korenyuga MV, Myasnikova OV, Dolgorukova AM, Griffin DK, Romanov MN. Unraveling signatures of chicken genetic diversity and divergent selection in breed-specific patterns of early myogenesis, nitric oxide metabolism and post-hatch growth. Front Genet 2023; 13:1092242. [PMID: 36712856 PMCID: PMC9874007 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1092242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Due to long-term domestication, breeding and divergent selection, a vast genetic diversity in poultry currently exists, with various breeds being characterized by unique phenotypic and genetic features. Assuming that differences between chicken breeds divergently selected for economically and culturally important traits manifest as early as possible in development and growth stages, we aimed to explore breed-specific patterns and interrelations of embryo myogenesis, nitric oxide (NO) metabolism and post-hatch growth rate (GR). Methods: These characteristics were explored in eight breeds of different utility types (meat-type, dual purpose, egg-type, game, and fancy) by incubating 70 fertile eggs per breed. To screen the differential expression of seven key myogenesis associated genes (MSTN, GHR, MEF2C, MYOD1, MYOG, MYH1, and MYF5), quantitative real-time PCR was used. Results: We found that myogenesis associated genes expressed in the breast and thigh muscles in a coordinated manner showing breed specificity as a genetic diversity signature among the breeds studied. Notably, coordinated ("accord") expression patterns of MSTN, GHR, and MEFC2 were observed both in the breast and thigh muscles. Also, associated expression vectors were identified for MYOG and MYOD1 in the breast muscles and for MYOG and MYF5 genes in the thigh muscles. Indices of NO oxidation and post-hatch growth were generally concordant with utility types of breeds, with meat-types breeds demonstrating higher NO oxidation levels and greater GR values as compared to egg-type, dual purpose, game and fancy breeds. Discussion: The results of this study suggest that differences in early myogenesis, NO metabolism and post-hatch growth are breed-specific; they appropriately reflect genetic diversity and accurately capture the evolutionary history of divergently selected chicken breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan I. Kochish
- K. I. Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Yu. Titov
- K. I. Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
- Federal Scientific Center “All-Russian Poultry Research and Technological Institute” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sergiev Posad, Moscow Oblast, Russia
| | - Ilya N. Nikonov
- K. I. Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Nikolai I. Vorobyov
- All-Russia Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maxim V. Korenyuga
- K. I. Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V. Myasnikova
- K. I. Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna M. Dolgorukova
- Federal Scientific Center “All-Russian Poultry Research and Technological Institute” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sergiev Posad, Moscow Oblast, Russia
| | - Darren K. Griffin
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Michael N. Romanov
- K. I. Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
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Sibisi NC, Snyman C, Myburgh KH, Niesler CU. Evaluating the role of nitric oxide in myogenesis in vitro. Biochimie 2021; 196:216-224. [PMID: 34838884 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle injury activates satellite cells to proliferate as myoblasts and migrate, differentiate and fuse with existing fibres at the site of injury. Nitric oxide (NO), a free radical produced by NO synthase, is elevated and supports healing after in vivo injury. NOS-independent elevation of NO levels in vitro is possible via donors such as molsidomine (SIN-1). We hypothesized that alterations in NO levels may directly influence myogenic processes critical for skeletal muscle wound healing. This study aimed to clarify the role of NO in myoblast proliferation, migration and differentiation. Baseline NO levels were established in vitro, whereafter NO levels were manipulated during myogenesis using l-NAME (NOS inhibitor) or SIN-1. Baseline NO levels generated by myoblasts in proliferation media did not change 1 h after stimulation. Addition of a pro-proliferative dose of HGF slightly elevated NO levels 1 h post-stimulation, whereas cell numbers assessed 24 h later increased significantly; l-NAME reduced the HGF-driven increase in NO and proliferation, reducing wound closure over 16 h. In differentiation media, NO levels increased significantly within 24 h, returning to baseline over several days. Regular addition of l-NAME to differentiating cells significantly reduced NO levels and fusion. SIN-1 increased NO levels in a dose-dependent manner, reaching maximal levels 16 h post-treatment. SIN-1, added at 0, 2 and 4 days, significantly increased myofiber area (26 ± 1.8% vs 18.6 ± 3.4% in control at 5 day, p < 0.0001), without affecting proliferation or migration. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that, during skeletal muscle regeneration, increased NO specifically stimulates myoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Sibisi
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
| | - C Snyman
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
| | - K H Myburgh
- Department Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - C U Niesler
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa.
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Midgley AC, Wei Y, Li Z, Kong D, Zhao Q. Nitric-Oxide-Releasing Biomaterial Regulation of the Stem Cell Microenvironment in Regenerative Medicine. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1805818. [PMID: 31423672 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy has proven to be an attractive solution for the treatment of degenerative diseases or injury. However, poor cell engraftment and survival within injured tissues limits the successful use of stem cell therapy within the clinical setting. Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule involved in various physiological processes. Emerging evidence supports NO's diverse roles in modulating stem cell behavior, including survival, migration, differentiation, and paracrine secretion of proregenerative factors. Thus, there has been a shift in research focus to concentrate efforts on the delivery of therapeutic concentration ranges of NO to the target tissue sites. Combinatory therapies utilizing biomaterials that control NO generation and support stem cell delivery can be holistic and synergistic approaches to significantly improve tissue regeneration. Here, the focus is on recent developments of various therapeutic platforms, engineered to both transport NO and to enhance stem-cell-mediated regeneration of damaged tissues. New and emerging revelations of how the stem cell microenvironment can be regulated by NO-releasing biomaterials are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Midgley
- Rongxiang Xu Center for Regenerative Life Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yongzhen Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zongjin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Deling Kong
- Rongxiang Xu Center for Regenerative Life Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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