1
|
Sanaei B, Faghihi R, Arabi H. Employing Multiple Low-Dose PET Images (at Different Dose Levels) as Prior Knowledge to Predict Standard-Dose PET Images. J Digit Imaging 2023; 36:1588-1596. [PMID: 36988836 PMCID: PMC10406788 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-023-00815-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The existing deep learning-based denoising methods predicting standard-dose PET images (S-PET) from the low-dose versions (L-PET) solely rely on a single-dose level of PET images as the input of deep learning network. In this work, we exploited the prior knowledge in the form of multiple low-dose levels of PET images to estimate the S-PET images. To this end, a high-resolution ResNet architecture was utilized to predict S-PET images from 6 to 4% L-PET images. For the 6% L-PET imaging, two models were developed; the first and second models were trained using a single input of 6% L-PET and three inputs of 6%, 4%, and 2% L-PET as input to predict S-PET images, respectively. Similarly, for 4% L-PET imaging, a model was trained using a single input of 4% low-dose data, and a three-channel model was developed getting 4%, 3%, and 2% L-PET images. The performance of the four models was evaluated using structural similarity index (SSI), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and root mean square error (RMSE) within the entire head regions and malignant lesions. The 4% multi-input model led to improved SSI and PSNR and a significant decrease in RMSE by 22.22% and 25.42% within the entire head region and malignant lesions, respectively. Furthermore, the 4% multi-input network remarkably decreased the lesions' SUVmean bias and SUVmax bias by 64.58% and 37.12% comparing to single-input network. In addition, the 6% multi-input network decreased the RMSE within the entire head region, within the lesions, lesions' SUVmean bias, and SUVmax bias by 37.5%, 39.58%, 86.99%, and 45.60%, respectively. This study demonstrated the significant benefits of using prior knowledge in the form of multiple L-PET images to predict S-PET images.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Behnoush Sanaei
- Nuclear Engineering Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Faghihi
- Nuclear Engineering Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Arabi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Johnson JM, Chen MM, Rohren EM, Prabhu S, Chasen B, Mawlawi O, Liu HL, Gule-Monroe MK. Delayed FDG PET Provides Superior Glioblastoma Conspicuity Compared to Conventional Image Timing. Front Neurol 2021; 12:740280. [PMID: 34867723 PMCID: PMC8635110 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.740280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioblastomas are malignant, often incurable brain tumors. Reliable discrimination between recurrent disease and treatment changes is a significant challenge. Prior work has suggested glioblastoma FDG PET conspicuity is improved at delayed time points vs. conventional imaging times. This study aimed to determine the ideal FDG imaging time point in a population of untreated glioblastomas in preparation for future trials involving the non-invasive assessment of true progression vs. pseudoprogression in glioblastoma. Methods: Sixteen pre-treatment adults with suspected glioblastoma received FDG PET at 1, 5, and 8 h post-FDG injection within the 3 days prior to surgery. Maximum standard uptake values were measured at each timepoint for the central enhancing component of the lesion and the contralateral normal-appearing brain. Results: Sixteen patients (nine male) had pathology confirmed IDH-wildtype, glioblastoma. Our results revealed statistically significant improvements in the maximum standardized uptake values and subjective conspicuity of glioblastomas at later time points compared to the conventional (1 h time point). The tumor to background ratio at 1, 5, and 8 h was 1.4 ± 0.4, 1.8 ± 0.5, and 2.1 ± 0.6, respectively. This was statistically significant for the 5 h time point over the 1 h time point (p > 0.001), the 8 h time point over the 1 h time point (p = 0.026), and the 8 h time point over the 5 h time point (p = 0.036). Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that delayed imaging time point provides superior conspicuity of glioblastoma compared to conventional imaging. Further research based on these results may translate into improvements in the determination of true progression from pseudoprogression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Michael Johnson
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Jason Michael Johnson
| | - Melissa M. Chen
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Eric M. Rohren
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sujit Prabhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Beth Chasen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Osama Mawlawi
- Department of Imaging Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ho-Ling Liu
- Department of Imaging Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xue H, Zhang Q, Zou S, Zhang W, Zhou C, Tie C, Wan Q, Teng Y, Li Y, Liang D, Liu X, Yang Y, Zheng H, Zhu X, Hu Z. LCPR-Net: low-count PET image reconstruction using the domain transform and cycle-consistent generative adversarial networks. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2021; 11:749-762. [PMID: 33532274 PMCID: PMC7779905 DOI: 10.21037/qims-20-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reducing the radiation tracer dose and scanning time during positron emission tomography (PET) imaging can reduce the cost of the tracer, reduce motion artifacts, and increase the efficiency of the scanner. However, the reconstructed images to be noisy. It is very important to reconstruct high-quality images with low-count (LC) data. Therefore, we propose a deep learning method called LCPR-Net, which is used for directly reconstructing full-count (FC) PET images from corresponding LC sinogram data. METHODS Based on the framework of a generative adversarial network (GAN), we enforce a cyclic consistency constraint on the least-squares loss to establish a nonlinear end-to-end mapping process from LC sinograms to FC images. In this process, we merge a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a residual network for feature extraction and image reconstruction. In addition, the domain transform (DT) operation sends a priori information to the cycle-consistent GAN (CycleGAN) network, avoiding the need for a large amount of computational resources to learn this transformation. RESULTS The main advantages of this method are as follows. First, the network can use LC sinogram data as input to directly reconstruct an FC PET image. The reconstruction speed is faster than that provided by model-based iterative reconstruction. Second, reconstruction based on the CycleGAN framework improves the quality of the reconstructed image. CONCLUSIONS Compared with other state-of-the-art methods, the quantitative and qualitative evaluation results show that the proposed method is accurate and effective for FC PET image reconstruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hengzhi Xue
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
- Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiyang Zhang
- Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sijuan Zou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiguang Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changjun Tie
- Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Wan
- Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yueyang Teng
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongchang Li
- Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dong Liang
- Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hairong Zheng
- Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanli Hu
- Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ye Q, Wu J, Lu Y, Naganawa M, Gallezot JD, Ma T, Liu Y, Tanoue L, Detterbeck F, Blasberg J, Chen MK, Casey M, Carson RE, Liu C. Improved discrimination between benign and malignant LDCT screening-detected lung nodules with dynamic over static 18F-FDG PET as a function of injected dose. Phys Med Biol 2018; 63:175015. [PMID: 30095083 PMCID: PMC6158045 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aad97f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer mortality rate can be significantly reduced by up to 20% through routine low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening, which, however, has high sensitivity but low specificity, resulting in a high rate of false-positive nodules. Combining PET with CT may provide more accurate diagnosis for indeterminate screening-detected nodules. In this work, we investigated low-dose dynamic 18F-FDG PET in discrimination between benign and malignant nodules using a virtual clinical trial based on patient study with ground truth. Six patients with initial LDCT screening-detected lung nodules received 90 min single-bed PET scans following a 10 mCi FDG injection. Low-dose static and dynamic images were generated from under-sampled list-mode data at various count levels (100%, 50%, 10%, 5%, and 1%). A virtual clinical trial was performed by adding nodule population variability, measurement noise, and static PET acquisition start time variability to the time activity curves (TACs) of the patient data. We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to estimate the classification capability of standardized uptake value (SUV) and net uptake constant K i from their simulated benign and malignant distributions. Various scan durations and start times (t *) were investigated in dynamic Patlak analysis to optimize simplified acquisition protocols with a population-based input function (PBIF). The area under curve (AUC) of ROC analysis was higher with increased scan duration and earlier t *. Highly similar results were obtained using PBIF to those using image-derived input function (IDIF). The AUC value for K i using optimized t * and scan duration with 10% dose was higher than that for SUV with 100% dose. Our results suggest that dynamic PET with as little as 1 mCi FDG could provide discrimination between benign and malignant lung nodules with higher than 90% sensitivity and specificity for patients similar to the pilot and simulated population in this study, with LDCT screening-detected indeterminate lung nodules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ye
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, USA
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging, Ministry of Education (Tsinghua University), China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, USA
| | - Yihuan Lu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, USA
| | - Mika Naganawa
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, USA
| | | | - Tianyu Ma
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging, Ministry of Education (Tsinghua University), China
| | - Yaqiang Liu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging, Ministry of Education (Tsinghua University), China
| | - Lynn Tanoue
- Yale Lung Screening and Nodule Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, USA
| | - Frank Detterbeck
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, USA
| | - Justin Blasberg
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, USA
| | - Ming-Kai Chen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, USA
| | - Michael Casey
- Molecular Imaging, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., USA
| | - Richard E. Carson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, USA
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, USA
| |
Collapse
|