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Vos GM, Wu Y, van der Woude R, de Vries RP, Boons GJ. Chemo-Enzymatic Synthesis of Isomeric I-branched Polylactosamines Using Traceless Blocking Groups. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302877. [PMID: 37909475 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Poly-N-acetyl lactosamines (polyLacNAc) are common structural motifs of N- and O-linked glycan, glycosphingolipids and human milk oligosaccharides. They can be branched by the addition of β1,6-linked N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) moieties to internal galactoside (Gal) residues by the I-branching enzyme beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 (GCNT2). I-branching has been implicated in many biological processes and is also associated with various diseases such as cancer progression. Currently, there is a lack of methods that can install, in a regioselective manner, I-branches and allows the preparation of isomeric poly-LacNAc derivatives. Here, we described a chemo-enzymatic strategy that addresses this deficiency and is based on the enzymatic assembly of an oligo-LacNAc chain that at specific positions is modified by a GlcNTFA moiety. Replacement of the trifluoroacetyl (TFA) moiety by tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) gives compounds in which the galactoside at the proximal site is blocked from modification by GCNT2. After elaboration of the antennae, the Boc group can be removed, and the resulting amine acetylated to give natural I-branched structures. It is also shown that fucosides can function as a traceless blocking group that can provide complementary I-branched structures from a single precursor. The methodology made it possible to synthesize a library of polyLacNAc chains having various topologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaёl M Vos
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Yunfei Wu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Roosmarijn van der Woude
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Robert P de Vries
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA-30602, USA
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Chemistry Department, University of Georgia, Athens, GA-30602, USA
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Hao N, Lou H, Li M, Zhang H, Chang J, Qi Q, Zhou X, Bai J, Guo J, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Jiang Y. Analysis of complex chromosomal rearrangement involving chromosome 6 via the integration of optical genomic mapping and molecular cytogenetic methodologies. J Hum Genet 2024; 69:3-11. [PMID: 37821671 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-023-01197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Complex chromosomal rearrangements (CCRs) can result in spontaneous abortions, infertility, and malformations in newborns. In this study, we explored a familial CCR involving chromosome 6 by combining optical genomic mapping (OGM) and molecular cytogenetic methodologies. Within this family, the father and the paternal grandfather were both asymptomatic carriers of an identical balanced CCR, while the two offspring with an unbalanced paternal-origin CCR and two microdeletions presented with clinical manifestation. The first affected child, a 5-year-old boy, exhibited neurodevelopmental delay, while the second, a fetus, presented with hydrops fetalis. SNP-genotype analysis revealed a recombination event during gamete formation in the father that may have contributed to the deletion in his offspring. Meanwhile, the couple's haplotypes will facilitate the selection of normal gametes in the setting of assisted reproduction. Our study demonstrated the potential of OGM in identifying CCRs and its ability to work with current methodologies to refine precise breakpoints and construct accurate haplotypes for couples with a CCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Hao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | - Mengmeng Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hanzhe Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiazhen Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qingwei Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiya Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Yaru Wang
- Ecobono (Beijing) Biotech Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Peking Jabrehoo Med Tech Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yulin Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Perez M, Chakraborty A, Lau LS, Mohammed NBB, Dimitroff CJ. Melanoma-associated glycosyltransferase GCNT2 as an emerging biomarker and therapeutic target. Br J Dermatol 2021; 185:294-301. [PMID: 33660254 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In metastatic melanoma, with a dismal survival rate and propensity for treatment resistance and recurrence, it is critical to establish biomarkers that better predict treatment response and disease severity. The melanoma glycome, composed of complex carbohydrates termed glycans, is an under-investigated area of research, although it is gaining momentum in the cancer biomarker and therapeutics field. Novel findings suggest that glycans play a major role in influencing melanoma progression and could be exploited for prognosticating metastatic activity and/or as therapeutic targets. In this review, we discuss the role of aberrant glycosylation, particularly the specialized function of β1,6 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 (GCNT2), in melanoma pathogenesis and summarize mechanisms of GCNT2 regulation to illuminate its potential as a predictive marker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Perez
- Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Glycobiology Institute at FIU, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - A Chakraborty
- Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Glycobiology Institute at FIU, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - L S Lau
- Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Glycobiology Institute at FIU, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - N B B Mohammed
- Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Glycobiology Institute at FIU, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - C J Dimitroff
- Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Glycobiology Institute at FIU, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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Rauf B, Irum B, Khan SY, Kabir F, Naeem MA, Riazuddin S, Ayyagari R, Riazuddin SA. Novel mutations in LTBP2 identified in familial cases of primary congenital glaucoma. Mol Vis 2020; 26:14-25. [PMID: 32165823 PMCID: PMC7043638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder caused by developmental defects in the anterior chamber and trabecular meshwork. This disease is an important cause of childhood blindness. In this study, we aim to identify the genetic determinants of PCG in three consanguineous families of Pakistani descent. Methods Affected members of all three families underwent detailed ophthalmological examination including slit-lamp biomicroscopy. Blood samples were collected from affected and healthy members of all three families, and genomic DNA was extracted. Linkage analysis was performed for the known or reported loci of PCG to localize the disease interval, and logarithm of odds (LOD) scores were calculated. All protein-coding exons of the candidate gene, latent transforming growth factor-beta binding protein 2 (LTBP2), were bidirectionally sequenced to identify the disease-causing mutation. Results Short tandem repeat (STR) marker-based linkage analysis localized the critical interval to chromosome 14q with a maximum two-point LOD score of 2.86 (PKGL076), 2.8 (PKGL015), and 2.92 (PKGL042). Bidirectional Sanger sequencing of LTBP2 revealed three novel pathogenic variants, i.e., c.3028G>A (p.Asp1010Asn), c.3427delC (p.Gln1143Argfs*35), and c.5270G>A (p.Cys1757Tyr) in PKGL076, PKGL015, and PKGL042, respectively. All three mutations segregated with the disease phenotype in their respective families and were absent in 200 ethnically matched normal chromosomes. Conclusions We identified three novel mutations, p.D1010N, p.Q1143Rfs*35, and p.C1757Y, in LTBP2 responsible for PCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Rauf
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Irum
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Y. Khan
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Firoz Kabir
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Muhammad Asif Naeem
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sheikh Riazuddin
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Allama Iqbal Medical College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Radha Ayyagari
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - S. Amer Riazuddin
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Jiang J, Shihan MH, Wang Y, Duncan MK. Lens Epithelial Cells Initiate an Inflammatory Response Following Cataract Surgery. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:4986-4997. [PMID: 30326070 PMCID: PMC6188467 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Lens epithelial cell (LEC) conversion to myofibroblast is responsible for fibrotic cataract surgery complications including posterior capsular opacification. While transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling is important, the mechanisms by which the TGFβ pathway is activated post cataract surgery (PCS) are not well understood. Methods RNA-seq was performed on LECs obtained from a mouse cataract surgery model at the time of surgery and 24 hours later. Bioinformatic analysis was performed with iPathwayGuide. Expression dynamics were determined by immunofluorescence. Results The LEC transcriptome is massively altered by 24 hours PCS. The differentially expressed genes included those important for lens biology, and fibrotic markers. However, the most dramatic changes were in the expression of genes regulating the innate immune response, with the top three altered genes exhibiting greater than 1000-fold upregulation. Immunolocalization revealed that CXCL1, S100a9, CSF3, COX-2, CCL2, LCN2, and HMOX1 protein levels upregulate in LECs between 1 hour and 6 hours PCS and peak at 24 hours PCS, while their levels sharply attenuate by 3 days PCS. This massive upregulation of known inflammatory mediators precedes the infiltration of neutrophils into the eye at 18 hours PCS, the upregulation of canonical TGFβ signaling at 48 hours PCS, and the infiltration of macrophages at 3 days PCS. Conclusions These data demonstrate that LECs produce proinflammatory cytokines immediately following lens injury that could drive postsurgical flare, and suggest that inflammation may be a major player in the onset of lens-associated fibrotic disease PCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
| | - Mahbubul H Shihan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
| | - Melinda K Duncan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
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Magwebu ZE, Abdul-Rasool S, Seier JV, Chauke CG. Autosomal recessive congenital cataract in captive-bred vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops). J Med Primatol 2018; 47:93-100. [DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zandisiwe E. Magwebu
- Primate Unit and Delft Animal Centre (PUDAC); South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC); Tygerberg Cape Town South Africa
- Medical Bioscience Department; University of the Western Cape; Belville South Africa
| | - Sahar Abdul-Rasool
- Medical Bioscience Department; University of the Western Cape; Belville South Africa
| | - Jürgen V. Seier
- Primate Unit and Delft Animal Centre (PUDAC); South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC); Tygerberg Cape Town South Africa
| | - Chesa G. Chauke
- Primate Unit and Delft Animal Centre (PUDAC); South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC); Tygerberg Cape Town South Africa
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Irum B, Khan SY, Ali M, Daud M, Kabir F, Rauf B, Fatima F, Iqbal H, Khan AO, Obaisi SA, Naeem MA, Nasir IA, Khan SN, Husnain T, Riazuddin S, Akram J, Eghrari AO, Riazuddin SA. Correction: Deletion at the GCNT2 Locus Causes Autosomal Recessive Congenital Cataracts. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173719. [PMID: 28278293 PMCID: PMC5344493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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