1
|
Louchet M, Tisseyre M, Kaguelidou F, Treluyer JM, Préta LH, Chouchana L. Drug-induced fetal and offspring disorders, beyond birth defects. Therapie 2024; 79:205-219. [PMID: 38008599 DOI: 10.1016/j.therap.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Studies on drug utilization in western countries disclosed that about nine over ten women use at least one or more drugs during pregnancy. Determining whether a drug is safe or not in pregnant women is a challenge of all times. As a developing organism, the fetus is particularly vulnerable to effects of drugs used by the mother. Historically, research has predominantly focused on birth defects, which represent the most studied adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, drugs can also alter the ongoing process of pregnancy and impede the general growth of the fetus. Finally, adverse drug reactions can theoretically damage all developing systems, organs or tissues, such as the central nervous system or the immune system. This extensive review focuses on different aspects of drug-induced damages affecting the fetus or the newborn/infant, beyond birth defects, which are not addressed here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Louchet
- URP 7323 "Pharmacologie et évaluation des thérapeutiques chez l'enfant et la femme enceinte", Université Paris Cité, 75000 Paris, France; Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, Fédération hospitalo-universitaire PREMA, hôpital Louis-Mourier, AP-HP Nord - Université Paris Cité, 75000 Paris, France
| | - Mylène Tisseyre
- URP 7323 "Pharmacologie et évaluation des thérapeutiques chez l'enfant et la femme enceinte", Université Paris Cité, 75000 Paris, France; Centre régional de pharmacovigilance, service de pharmacologie périnatale, pédiatrique et adulte, hôpitaux Cochin-Necker, AP-HP Centre - Université Paris Cité, 75000 Paris, France
| | - Florentia Kaguelidou
- URP 7323 "Pharmacologie et évaluation des thérapeutiques chez l'enfant et la femme enceinte", Université Paris Cité, 75000 Paris, France; Centre d'investigation clinique pédiatrique, Inserm CIC 1426, hôpital Robert-Debré, AP-HP Nord - Université Paris Cité, 75000 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Treluyer
- URP 7323 "Pharmacologie et évaluation des thérapeutiques chez l'enfant et la femme enceinte", Université Paris Cité, 75000 Paris, France; Centre régional de pharmacovigilance, service de pharmacologie périnatale, pédiatrique et adulte, hôpitaux Cochin-Necker, AP-HP Centre - Université Paris Cité, 75000 Paris, France
| | - Laure-Hélène Préta
- URP 7323 "Pharmacologie et évaluation des thérapeutiques chez l'enfant et la femme enceinte", Université Paris Cité, 75000 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Chouchana
- URP 7323 "Pharmacologie et évaluation des thérapeutiques chez l'enfant et la femme enceinte", Université Paris Cité, 75000 Paris, France; Centre régional de pharmacovigilance, service de pharmacologie périnatale, pédiatrique et adulte, hôpitaux Cochin-Necker, AP-HP Centre - Université Paris Cité, 75000 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hakami AY, Ahmad RG, Bukhari MM, Almalki MA, Ahmed MM, Alghamdi MM, Kalantan MA, Alsulami KM. Prevalence of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Use Among Pregnant Women From 2017 to 2020 in King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e47745. [PMID: 38021702 PMCID: PMC10676232 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perinatal depression is a mental health disorder that is associated with feelings of hopelessness, despair, and lack of motivation. Its effects on pregnant women are not limited to hemorrhage and hypertension and may lead to maternal mortality. As a result, maternal antidepressant usage during pregnancy has rapidly increased in the United States. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are considered one of the most prescribed antidepressants. Thus, this study aims to measure the prevalence of SSRI use during pregnancy. METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out in King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah (KAMC-J), Saudi Arabia. The population consisted of all pregnant women aged 18 or older from the period of January 2017 to December 2020 (N=13484). The sampling technique was non-probability consecutive sampling. RESULTS The study included 13,484 pregnant women, and further analysis revealed that 62 (0.459%) were exposed to at least one type of antidepressant during pregnancy. Of these, 12 (19.35%) had used more than one class of antidepressants. The majority of the sample, comprising 39 (62.90%) women, were between 34 and 44 years old. Furthermore, SSRIs were found to be the most commonly used antidepressant (41, 66.13%). In addition, fluoxetine was the most frequently prescribed antidepressant, with 23 (37.10%) patients receiving this medication. The dosage did not exceed 20 mg for the majority of the patients on SSRIs. CONCLUSION This study measured the prevalence and patterns of SSRIs and use of different antidepressant classes during pregnancy. After calculating the prevalence of each class of antidepressants among 62 pregnant women exposed to antidepressants, the analysis concluded that SSRIs are the most prescribed antidepressant during pregnancy. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on the use of antidepressants during pregnancy and highlights the need for ongoing research in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alqassem Y Hakami
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
- Research Office, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Rami Ghazi Ahmad
- Research Office, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
- Psychiatry Section, Medicine Department, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Mustafa M Bukhari
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Mohammed Assaf Almalki
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Mamdoh M Ahmed
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Mohammed M Alghamdi
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Mulham A Kalantan
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Khalil M Alsulami
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cantarutti A, Porcu G, Locatelli A, Corrao G. Association between hypertensive medication during pregnancy and risk of several maternal and neonatal outcomes in women with chronic hypertension: a population-based study. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2022; 15:637-645. [PMID: 35485218 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2022.2072292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have reported an association between perinatal complications and the severity of the hypertensive disease. The increasing number of pregnancies complicated by hypertension and the small assurance about the perinatal effects of hypertensive drug use during pregnancy involves the need of studying the better management of hypertensive mothers. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between maternal use of antihypertensive drugs and maternal and neonatal outcomes in women with chronic hypertension. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a population-based study including all deliveries of hypertensive women that occurred between 2007-2017 in the Lombardy region, Italy. We evaluated the risk of several maternal and neonatal outcomes among women who filled antihypertensive prescriptions within the 20th week of gestation. Propensity score stratification was used to account for key potential confounders. RESULTS Out of 5,553 pregnancies, 2,138 were exposed to antihypertensive treatment. With respect to no-users, users of antihypertensive drugs showed an increased risk of preeclampsia (RR:1.68, 95%CI:1.42-1.99), low birth weight (1.30,1.14-1.48), and preterm birth (1.25,1.11-1.42). These results were consistent in a range of sensitivity and subgroup analyses. CONCLUSION Early exposure to antihypertensive drugs in the first 20 weeks of gestation was associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia, low birth weight, and preterm birth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cantarutti
- National Centre for Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy.,Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, Division of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Laboratory of Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Gloria Porcu
- National Centre for Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy.,Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, Division of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Laboratory of Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Locatelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corrao
- National Centre for Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy.,Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, Division of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Laboratory of Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee KS, Song IS, Kim ES, Kim HI, Ahn KH. Association of preterm birth with medications: machine learning analysis using national health insurance data. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2022; 305:1369-1376. [PMID: 35038042 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-022-06405-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To use machine learning and population data for testing the associations of preterm birth with socioeconomic status, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and medication history including proton pump inhibitors, sleeping pills and antidepressants. METHODS Population-based retrospective cohort data came from Korea National Health Insurance Service claims data for all women who aged 25-40 years and gave births for the first time as singleton pregnancy during 2015-2017 (405,586 women). The dependent variable was preterm birth during 2015-2017 and 65 independent variables were included (demographic/socioeconomic determinants, disease information, medication history, obstetric information). Random forest variable importance (outcome measure) was used for identifying major determinants of preterm birth and testing its associations with socioeconomic status, GERD and medication history including proton pump inhibitors, sleeping pills and antidepressants. RESULTS Based on random forest variable importance, major determinants of preterm birth during 2015-2017 were socioeconomic status (645.34), age (556.86), proton pump inhibitors (107.61), GERD for the years 2014, 2012 and 2013 (106.78, 105.87 and 104.96), sleeping pills (97.23), GERD for the years 2010, 2011 and 2009 (95.56, 94.84 and 93.81), and antidepressants (90.13). CONCLUSION Preterm birth has strong associations with low socioeconomic status, GERD and medication history such as proton pump inhibitors, sleeping pills and antidepressants. For preventing preterm birth, appropriate medication would be needed alongside preventive measures for GERD and the promotion of socioeconomic status for pregnant women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Sig Lee
- AI Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Seok Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Sun Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae-In Kim
- AI Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,School of Industrial Management Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Anam Hospital, 73 Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Ki Hoon Ahn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Anam Hospital, 73 Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cantarutti A, Rea F, Franchi M, Beccalli B, Locatelli A, Corrao G. Use of Antibiotic Treatment in Pregnancy and the Risk of Several Neonatal Outcomes: A Population-Based Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12621. [PMID: 34886350 PMCID: PMC8657211 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited evidence is available on the safety and efficacy of antimicrobials during pregnancy, with even less according to the trimester of their use. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the association between exposure to antibiotics therapy (AT) during pregnancy and short-term neonatal outcomes. METHODS We considered 773,237 deliveries that occurred between 2007-2017 in the Lombardy region of Italy. We evaluated the risk of neonatal outcomes among infants that were born to mothers who underwent AT during pregnancy. The odds ratios and the hazard ratios, with the 95% confidence intervals, were estimated respectively for early (first/second trimester) and late (third trimester) exposure. The propensity score was used to account for potential confounders. We also performed subgroup analysis for the class of AT. RESULTS We identified 132,024 and 76,921 singletons that were exposed to AT during early and late pregnancy, respectively. Infants born to mothers with early exposure had 17, 11, and 16% increased risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and low Apgar score, respectively. Infants that were exposed in late pregnancy had 25, 11, and 13% increased risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and low Apgar score, respectively. The results were consistent in the subgroup analysis. CONCLUSION Our results suggested an increased risk of several neonatal outcomes in women exposed to ATs during pregnancy, albeit we were not able to assess to what extent the observed effects were due to the infection itself. To reduce the risk of neonatal outcomes, women that are prescribed AT during pregnancy should be closely monitored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cantarutti
- National Centre for Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (F.R.); (M.F.); (G.C.)
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy;
| | - Federico Rea
- National Centre for Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (F.R.); (M.F.); (G.C.)
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy;
| | - Matteo Franchi
- National Centre for Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (F.R.); (M.F.); (G.C.)
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy;
| | - Benedetta Beccalli
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy;
| | - Anna Locatelli
- Department of Mother and Child, ASST Vimercate, 20871 Vimercate, Italy;
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corrao
- National Centre for Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (F.R.); (M.F.); (G.C.)
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Viswanathan M, Middleton JC, Stuebe AM, Berkman ND, Goulding AN, McLaurin‐Jiang S, Dotson AB, Coker‐Schwimmer M, Baker C, Voisin CE, Bann C, Gaynes BN. Maternal, Fetal, and Child Outcomes of Mental Health Treatments in Women: A Meta‐Analysis of Pharmacotherapy. PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE 2021; 3:123-140. [PMID: 36101835 PMCID: PMC9175843 DOI: 10.1176/appi.prcp.20210001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The authors systematically reviewed evidence on pharmacotherapy for perinatal mental health disorders. Methods The authors searched for studies of pregnant, postpartum, or reproductive‐age women with mental health disorders treated with pharmacotherapy in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, and trial registries from database inception through June 5, 2020 and surveilled literature through March 2, 2021. Outcomes included symptoms; functional capacity; quality of life; suicidal events; death; and maternal, fetal, infant, or child adverse events. Results 164 studies were included. Regarding benefits, brexanolone for third‐trimester or postpartum depression onset may be associated with improved depressive symptoms at 30 days when compared with placebo. Sertraline for postpartum depression may be associated with improved response, remission, and depressive symptoms when compared with placebo. Discontinuing mood stabilizers during pregnancy may be associated with increased recurrence of mood episodes for bipolar disorder. Regarding adverse events, most studies were observational and unable to fully account for confounding. Evidence on congenital and cardiac anomalies for treatment compared with no treatment was inconclusive. Brexanolone for depression onset in the third trimester or the postpartum period may be associated with risk of sedation or somnolence, leading to dose interruption or reduction when compared with placebo. Conclusions Evidence from few studies supports the use of pharmacotherapy for perinatal mental health disorders. Although many studies report on adverse events, they could not rule out underlying disease severity as the cause of the association between exposures and adverse events. Patients and clinicians need to make informed, collaborative decisions on treatment choices. Few studies have been conducted in pregnant and postpartum women on the benefits of pharmacotherapy; many studies report on harms but are of low quality Brexanolone probably improves depressive symptoms; it may increase the risk of sedation or somnolence, leading to dose interruption or reduction. Sertraline may improve response, remission, and depression and anxiety symptoms. Mood stabilizers may reduce recurrence and increase time to recurrence Although associations may exist between psychotropic medications and adverse events, causality cannot be inferred. The paucity of evidence does not mean that pharmacotherapy is not beneficial, nor that harms do not exist; rather, it underscores the absence of high‐quality research
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meera Viswanathan
- RTI International–University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Evidence‐based Practice Center, Chapel Hill, USA (M. Viswanathan, J. C. Middleton, N. D. Berkman, M. Coker‐Schwimmer, C. Baker, C. E. Voisin, C. Bann, B. N. Gaynes); RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (M. Viswanathan, N. D. Berkman, C. Bann); Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA (J. C. Middleton, S. McLaurin‐Jiang, A. B. Dotson
| | - Jennifer Cook Middleton
- RTI International–University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Evidence‐based Practice Center, Chapel Hill, USA (M. Viswanathan, J. C. Middleton, N. D. Berkman, M. Coker‐Schwimmer, C. Baker, C. E. Voisin, C. Bann, B. N. Gaynes); RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (M. Viswanathan, N. D. Berkman, C. Bann); Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA (J. C. Middleton, S. McLaurin‐Jiang, A. B. Dotson
| | - Alison M. Stuebe
- RTI International–University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Evidence‐based Practice Center, Chapel Hill, USA (M. Viswanathan, J. C. Middleton, N. D. Berkman, M. Coker‐Schwimmer, C. Baker, C. E. Voisin, C. Bann, B. N. Gaynes); RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (M. Viswanathan, N. D. Berkman, C. Bann); Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA (J. C. Middleton, S. McLaurin‐Jiang, A. B. Dotson
| | - Nancy D. Berkman
- RTI International–University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Evidence‐based Practice Center, Chapel Hill, USA (M. Viswanathan, J. C. Middleton, N. D. Berkman, M. Coker‐Schwimmer, C. Baker, C. E. Voisin, C. Bann, B. N. Gaynes); RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (M. Viswanathan, N. D. Berkman, C. Bann); Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA (J. C. Middleton, S. McLaurin‐Jiang, A. B. Dotson
| | - Alison N. Goulding
- RTI International–University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Evidence‐based Practice Center, Chapel Hill, USA (M. Viswanathan, J. C. Middleton, N. D. Berkman, M. Coker‐Schwimmer, C. Baker, C. E. Voisin, C. Bann, B. N. Gaynes); RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (M. Viswanathan, N. D. Berkman, C. Bann); Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA (J. C. Middleton, S. McLaurin‐Jiang, A. B. Dotson
| | - Skyler McLaurin‐Jiang
- RTI International–University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Evidence‐based Practice Center, Chapel Hill, USA (M. Viswanathan, J. C. Middleton, N. D. Berkman, M. Coker‐Schwimmer, C. Baker, C. E. Voisin, C. Bann, B. N. Gaynes); RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (M. Viswanathan, N. D. Berkman, C. Bann); Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA (J. C. Middleton, S. McLaurin‐Jiang, A. B. Dotson
| | - Andrea B. Dotson
- RTI International–University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Evidence‐based Practice Center, Chapel Hill, USA (M. Viswanathan, J. C. Middleton, N. D. Berkman, M. Coker‐Schwimmer, C. Baker, C. E. Voisin, C. Bann, B. N. Gaynes); RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (M. Viswanathan, N. D. Berkman, C. Bann); Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA (J. C. Middleton, S. McLaurin‐Jiang, A. B. Dotson
| | - Manny Coker‐Schwimmer
- RTI International–University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Evidence‐based Practice Center, Chapel Hill, USA (M. Viswanathan, J. C. Middleton, N. D. Berkman, M. Coker‐Schwimmer, C. Baker, C. E. Voisin, C. Bann, B. N. Gaynes); RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (M. Viswanathan, N. D. Berkman, C. Bann); Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA (J. C. Middleton, S. McLaurin‐Jiang, A. B. Dotson
| | - Claire Baker
- RTI International–University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Evidence‐based Practice Center, Chapel Hill, USA (M. Viswanathan, J. C. Middleton, N. D. Berkman, M. Coker‐Schwimmer, C. Baker, C. E. Voisin, C. Bann, B. N. Gaynes); RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (M. Viswanathan, N. D. Berkman, C. Bann); Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA (J. C. Middleton, S. McLaurin‐Jiang, A. B. Dotson
| | - Christiane E. Voisin
- RTI International–University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Evidence‐based Practice Center, Chapel Hill, USA (M. Viswanathan, J. C. Middleton, N. D. Berkman, M. Coker‐Schwimmer, C. Baker, C. E. Voisin, C. Bann, B. N. Gaynes); RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (M. Viswanathan, N. D. Berkman, C. Bann); Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA (J. C. Middleton, S. McLaurin‐Jiang, A. B. Dotson
| | - Carla Bann
- RTI International–University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Evidence‐based Practice Center, Chapel Hill, USA (M. Viswanathan, J. C. Middleton, N. D. Berkman, M. Coker‐Schwimmer, C. Baker, C. E. Voisin, C. Bann, B. N. Gaynes); RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (M. Viswanathan, N. D. Berkman, C. Bann); Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA (J. C. Middleton, S. McLaurin‐Jiang, A. B. Dotson
| | - Bradley N. Gaynes
- RTI International–University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Evidence‐based Practice Center, Chapel Hill, USA (M. Viswanathan, J. C. Middleton, N. D. Berkman, M. Coker‐Schwimmer, C. Baker, C. E. Voisin, C. Bann, B. N. Gaynes); RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (M. Viswanathan, N. D. Berkman, C. Bann); Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA (J. C. Middleton, S. McLaurin‐Jiang, A. B. Dotson
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Burdine J, Luedtke S. Serotonin Toxicity Versus Withdrawal: Clonidine One Size Fits All? J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther 2021; 26:502-517. [PMID: 34239404 DOI: 10.5863/1551-6776-26.5.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin discontinuation syndrome (SDS) can result in a constellation of symptoms exhibited by infants exposed to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or other psychotropic drugs during pregnancy. Currently, there is no consensus regarding the pharmacologic management of SDS. We report our experience with clonidine for the management of a term infant with poor neonatal adaption. The infant exhibited biphasic symptoms of acute toxicity at birth and a plateauing of symptoms, followed by subsequent withdrawal symptomatology requiring the use of clonidine in doses up to 4 mcg/kg/dose every 3 hours for control of symptoms. The 38-week gestation Caucasian male infant was born to a mother with major depressive disorder, which was managed with sertraline, trazodone, venlafaxine, and buspirone throughout her pregnancy. The infant exhibited severe hypertonia at delivery and continued to have hypertonia, tremors, hypoglycemia, and feeding issues upon admission to the NICU. The initial Modified Finnegan Neonatal Abstinence scores were extremely elevated, and clonidine was started at 1 mcg/kg/dose every 3 hours and then the dose was titrated up to 4 mcg/kg/dose. This is the first report documenting the use of clonidine to manage serotonin toxicity at birth followed by subsequent neonatal withdrawal associated with maternal antidepressant drug use during pregnancy.
Collapse
|
8
|
Poudel K, Kobayashi S, Miyashita C, Ikeda-Araki A, Tamura N, Ait Bamai Y, Itoh S, Yamazaki K, Masuda H, Itoh M, Ito K, Kishi R. Hypertensive Disorders during Pregnancy (HDP), Maternal Characteristics, and Birth Outcomes among Japanese Women: A Hokkaido Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073342. [PMID: 33804885 PMCID: PMC8038052 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension during pregnancy causes a greater risk of adverse birth outcomes worldwide; however, formal evidence of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy (HDP) in Japan is limited. We aimed to understand the association between maternal characteristics, HDP, and birth outcomes. In total, 18,833 mother-infant pairs were enrolled in the Hokkaido study on environment and children’s health, Japan, from 2002 to 2013. Medical records were used to identify hypertensive disorders and birth outcomes, namely, small for gestational age (SGA), SGA at full term (term-SGA), preterm birth (PTB), and low birth weight (LBW). The prevalence of HDP was 1.9%. Similarly, the prevalence of SGA, term-SGA, PTB, and LBW were 7.1%, 6.3%, 7.4%, and 10.3%, respectively. The mothers with HDP had increased odds of giving birth to babies with SGA (2.13; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.57, 2.88), PTB (3.48; 95%CI: 2.68, 4.50), LBW (3.57; 95%CI: 2.83, 4.51) than normotensive pregnancy. Elderly pregnancy, low and high body mass index, active and passive smoking exposure, and alcohol consumption were risk factors for different birth outcomes. Therefore, it is crucial for women of reproductive age and their families to be made aware of these risk factors through physician visits, health education, and various community-based health interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Poudel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan;
| | - Sumitaka Kobayashi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (S.K.); (C.M.); (A.I.-A.); (N.T.); (Y.A.B.); (S.I.); (K.Y.); (H.M.); (M.I.); (K.I.)
| | - Chihiro Miyashita
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (S.K.); (C.M.); (A.I.-A.); (N.T.); (Y.A.B.); (S.I.); (K.Y.); (H.M.); (M.I.); (K.I.)
| | - Atsuko Ikeda-Araki
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (S.K.); (C.M.); (A.I.-A.); (N.T.); (Y.A.B.); (S.I.); (K.Y.); (H.M.); (M.I.); (K.I.)
| | - Naomi Tamura
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (S.K.); (C.M.); (A.I.-A.); (N.T.); (Y.A.B.); (S.I.); (K.Y.); (H.M.); (M.I.); (K.I.)
| | - Yu Ait Bamai
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (S.K.); (C.M.); (A.I.-A.); (N.T.); (Y.A.B.); (S.I.); (K.Y.); (H.M.); (M.I.); (K.I.)
| | - Sachiko Itoh
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (S.K.); (C.M.); (A.I.-A.); (N.T.); (Y.A.B.); (S.I.); (K.Y.); (H.M.); (M.I.); (K.I.)
| | - Keiko Yamazaki
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (S.K.); (C.M.); (A.I.-A.); (N.T.); (Y.A.B.); (S.I.); (K.Y.); (H.M.); (M.I.); (K.I.)
| | - Hideyuki Masuda
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (S.K.); (C.M.); (A.I.-A.); (N.T.); (Y.A.B.); (S.I.); (K.Y.); (H.M.); (M.I.); (K.I.)
| | - Mariko Itoh
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (S.K.); (C.M.); (A.I.-A.); (N.T.); (Y.A.B.); (S.I.); (K.Y.); (H.M.); (M.I.); (K.I.)
| | - Kumiko Ito
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (S.K.); (C.M.); (A.I.-A.); (N.T.); (Y.A.B.); (S.I.); (K.Y.); (H.M.); (M.I.); (K.I.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (S.K.); (C.M.); (A.I.-A.); (N.T.); (Y.A.B.); (S.I.); (K.Y.); (H.M.); (M.I.); (K.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-11-706-4746; Fax: +81-11-706-4725
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of antidepressant continuation in pregnancy with infant birth weight among women using antidepressants before pregnancy. METHODS This retrospective cohort study used electronic health data linked with state birth records. We identified singleton live births (2001-2014) to enrolled women with 1 or more antidepressant prescriptions filled 6 months or less before pregnancy, including "continuers" (≥1 antidepressant fills during pregnancy, n = 1775) and "discontinuers" (no fill during pregnancy, n = 1249). We compared birth weight, small or large for gestational age (SGA or LGA), low birth weight (LBW; <2500 g), and macrosomia (>4500 g) between the 2 groups, using inverse probability of treatment weighting to account for pre-pregnancy characteristics, including mental health conditions. RESULTS After weighting, infants born to antidepressant continuers weighed 71.9 g less than discontinuers' infants (95% confidence interval [CI], -115.5 to -28.3 g), with a larger difference for female infants (-106.4 g; 95% CI, -164.6 to -48.1) than male infants (-48.5 g; 95% CI, -107.2 to 10.3). For female infants, SGA risk was greater in continuers than discontinuers (relative risk [RR],1.54; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.32). Low birth weight risk was greater in continuers with 50% or more of days covered (RR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.11 to 2.58) and exposure in the second trimester (RR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.29), as compared with discontinuers. CONCLUSIONS Depending on infant sex, as well as duration and timing of use, continuation of antidepressant use during pregnancy may be associated with lower infant birth weight, with corresponding increases in LBW and SGA.
Collapse
|
10
|
Corrao G, Cantarutti A, Locatelli A, Porcu G, Merlino L, Carbone S, Carle F, Zanini R. Association between Adherence with Recommended Antenatal Care in Low-Risk, Uncomplicated Pregnancy, and Maternal and Neonatal Adverse Outcomes: Evidence from Italy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:ijerph18010173. [PMID: 33383661 PMCID: PMC7795028 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Antenatal care (ANC) aims of monitoring wellbeing of mother and foetus during pregnancy. We validate a set of indicators aimed of measuring the quality of ANC of women on low-risk, uncomplicated pregnancy through their relationship with maternal and neonatal outcomes. We conducted a population-based cohort study including 122,563 deliveries that occurred between 2015 and 2017 in the Lombardy Region, Italy. Promptness and appropriateness of number and timing of gynaecological visits, ultrasounds and laboratory tests were evaluated. We assessed several maternal and neonatal outcomes. Log-binomial regression models were used to estimate prevalence ratio (PR), and corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI), for the exposure→outcome association. Compared with women who adhered with recommendations, those who were no adherent had a significant higher prevalence of maternal intensive care units admission (PR: 3.1, 95%CI: 1.2-7.9; and 2.7, 1.1-7.0 respectively for promptness of gynaecological visits, and appropriateness of ultrasound examinations), low Apgar score (1.6, 1.1-1.2; 1.9, 1.3-2.7; and 2.1, 1.5-2.8 respectively for appropriateness and promptness of gynaecological visits, and appropriateness of ultrasound examinations), and low birth weight (1.8, 1.5-2.3 for appropriateness of laboratory test examinations). Benefits for mothers and newborn are expected from improving adherence to guidelines-driven recommendations regarding antenatal care even for low-risk, uncomplicated pregnancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Corrao
- National Centre for Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (G.P.); (F.C.)
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Cantarutti
- National Centre for Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (G.P.); (F.C.)
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-64485859
| | - Anna Locatelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Vimercate, Vittorio Emanuele III Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza-Brianza, 20126 Milan, Italy;
| | - Gloria Porcu
- National Centre for Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (G.P.); (F.C.)
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Merlino
- Welfare Department, Epidemiologic Observatory, Lombardy Region, 20121 Milan, Italy;
| | - Simona Carbone
- Department of Health Planning, Italian Health Ministry, 5–00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Flavia Carle
- National Centre for Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (G.P.); (F.C.)
- Center of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Rinaldo Zanini
- Woman and Child Health Department, Azienda Ospedaliera della Provincia di Lecco, 23900 Lecco, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Warning of Immortal Time Bias When Studying Drug Safety in Pregnancy: Application to Late Use of Antibiotics and Preterm Delivery. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186465. [PMID: 32899455 PMCID: PMC7558278 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to illustrate and account for immortal time bias in pregnancy observational investigations, using the relationship between late use of antibiotics and risk of preterm birth as an example. We conducted a population-based cohort study including 549,082 deliveries between 2007 and 2017 in Lombardy, Italy. We evaluated the risk of preterm births, low birth weight, small for gestational age, and low Apgar score associated with antibiotic dispensing during the third trimester of pregnancy. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the outcomes, considering the use of antibiotics as time-fixed (with biased classification of exposure person-time) and time-varying (with proper classification of exposure person-time) exposure. There were 23,638 (4.3%) premature deliveries. There was no association between time-fixed exposure to antibiotics and preterm delivery (adjusted HR 0.96; 95% CI 0.92 to 1.01) but an increased risk of preterm birth when time-varying exposure to antibiotics was considered (1.27; 1.21 to 1.34). The same trend was found for low birth weight and low Apgar score. Immortal time bias is a common and sneaky trap in observational studies involving exposure in late pregnancy. This bias could be easily avoided with suitable design and analysis.
Collapse
|
12
|
Xing D, Wu R, Chen L, Wang T. Maternal use of antidepressants during pregnancy and risks for adverse perinatal outcomes: a meta-analysis. J Psychosom Res 2020; 137:110231. [PMID: 32889478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform an updated and comprehensive meta-analysis on the risks of adverse perinatal outcomes in children whose mothers received antidepressants during pregnancy. METHODS A systematic literature search of several databases was conducted through December 2018 to identify relevant studies. Risk estimates and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to explore the source of heterogeneity and test the robustness. RESULTS Forty-eight cohort and 6 case-control studies were included. In cohort studies, children whose mothers received antidepressants during pregnancy had higher risks of preterm birth (RR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.37, 1.90), low birth weight (RR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.80), and admissions to neonatal intensive care unit (RR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.38, 1.85) when compared with children born by depressed but untreated pregnant women. The risks of spontaneous abortions (RR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.29, 1.73), large for gestational age (RR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.20), stillbirths (RR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.32), low Apgar score at 5 min (RR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.42, 2.56), and neonatal convulsions (RR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.56, 2.48) increased in children whose mothers received antidepressants during pregnancy when compared with children born by healthy pregnant women. CONCLUSION Compared with children whose mothers did not receive antidepressants during pregnancy, children whose mothers received antidepressants during pregnancy had increased risks of adverse perinatal outcomes. Further research on the dose of antidepressants is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dexiu Xing
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Lizhang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Hunan, China.
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Factors Associated with Preterm Birth and Low Birth Weight in Abu Dhabi, the United Arab Emirates. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17041382. [PMID: 32098043 PMCID: PMC7068537 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Both preterm birth and low birth weight (LBW) represent major public health problems worldwide due to their association with the catastrophic effects of morbidity and mortality. Few data exist about such adverse pregnancy outcomes. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of and factors associated with preterm birth and LBW among mothers of children under two years in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Data were collected in clinical and non-clinical settings across various geographical areas in Abu Dhabi. The data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. A total of 1610 mother–child pairs were included in the current study. Preterm birth rate was 102 (6.3%) with a 95% confidence interval [CI] (6.1%, 6.5%) and the LBW rate was 151 (9.4%) with a 95% CI (9.3%, 9.5%). The mean (SD) of gestational age (GA) and birth weight at delivery was 39.1 (1.9) weeks and 3080.3 (518.6) grams, respectively. Factors that were positively associated with preterm birth were Arab mothers, maternal education level below secondary, caesarean section, and LBW. LBW was associated with female children, caesarean section (CS), first child order, and preterm birth. The current study highlighted the need for further interventional research to tackle these public health issues such as reducing the high CS rate and improving maternal education.
Collapse
|
14
|
Cantarutti A, Rea F, Locatelli A, Merlino L, Lundin R, Perseghin G, Corrao G. Adherence to clinical evaluations in women with pre-existing diabetes during pregnancy: A call to action from an Italian real-life investigation. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019; 154:1-8. [PMID: 31220483 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Women with pre-existing diabetes should plan for optimal care of the disease before, during and after pregnancy. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of diabetes mellitus monitoring and care before, during and after pregnancy in a large cohort of women. METHODS 1913 diabetic women resident in the Lombardy Region (Italy) who experienced at least a birth between 2011 and 2015 and exhibited signs of diabetes ≥2 years before delivery were identified using the healthcare utilization database. Antidiabetic care was defined via outpatient examinations (i.e., assessments of glycated haemoglobin, lipid profile, urine albumin excretion and serum creatinine, and dilated eye exams) and use of antidiabetic drugs. Differences in adherence to recommendations before, during and after pregnancy were assessed by the non-parametric McNemar's test among the whole cohort and among the subgroup with type 1 diabetes. RESULTS Adherence to recommendations was very poor before pregnancy, ranging from 13% to 42% for dilated eye and serum creatinine exam, respectively. During pregnancy, a significant portion of women increased adherence to all recommendations (e.g., glycated haemoglobin from 20% to 47%, p-value < 0.001), with the exception of lipid profile control. After pregnancy, adherence dropped to pre-pregnancy levels. A similar trend was observed in the use of antidiabetic drugs. Although women with type 1 diabetes showed better adherence across all periods, the same patterns emerged. CONCLUSIONS Besides an improvement in the indicators of clinical adherence during pregnancy, the management of diabetes among pregnant women remains sub-optimal both before and after the birth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cantarutti
- National Centre for Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Laboratory of Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Rea
- National Centre for Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Laboratory of Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
| | - Anna Locatelli
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Merlino
- Epidemiologic Observatory, Lombardy Regional Health Service, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gianluca Perseghin
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation, Policlinico di Monza, Monza, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corrao
- National Centre for Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Laboratory of Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Laine MK, Masalin S, Rönö K, Kautiainen H, Gissler M, Pennanen P, Eriksson JG. Risk of preterm birth in primiparous women with exposure to antidepressant medication before pregnancy and/or during pregnancy - impact of body mass index. Ann Med 2019; 51:51-57. [PMID: 30299166 PMCID: PMC7857451 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2018.1534265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preterm birth is a major cause of infant mortality. It is unknown whether body mass index (BMI) influences the risk of preterm birth in women, who prenatally use antidepressants. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study cohort (N = 6920) consists of all primiparous European born women without previously diagnosed diabetes from the city of Vantaa, Finland, who delivered a singleton child between 2009 and 2015. Data on births, pre-pregnancy BMI and purchases of antidepressants from 12 months before conception until delivery were obtained from Finnish National Registers. RESULTS Of the primiparous women, 9.9% used antidepressants. The overall prevalence of preterm birth was 5.2%. In women with a pre-pregnancy BMI <18.5 kg/m2, the Odds Ratio (OR) for preterm birth among antidepressant users compared with those who were non-users was 1.91 (95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.40 to 9.15, adjusted for age, smoking, education, use of fertility treatments and number of previous pregnancies) while in women with a pre-pregnancy BMI ≥30 kg/m2, the OR was 0.53 (95% CI 0.21-1.36), respectively. DISCUSSION Primiparous women using antidepressants, who were underweight before conception should be closely monitored and provided tailored care in a maternity clinic to minimize the risk of preterm birth. Key messages In primiparous women, one in ten used antidepressant medications before pregnancy and/or during pregnancy. In primiparous women, the prevalence of preterm birth was 5%. Underweight primiparous women using antidepressants should be closely monitored and provided tailored care in a maternity clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merja K Laine
- a Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland.,b Vantaa Health Centre , Vantaa , Finland
| | - Senja Masalin
- a Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland.,c Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Kristiina Rönö
- c Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Hannu Kautiainen
- a Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland.,d Primary Health Care Unit , Kuopio University Hospital , Kuopio , Finland.,e Folkhälsan Research Center , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Mika Gissler
- f National Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki , Finland.,g Karolinska Institute , Stockholm , Sweden
| | | | - Johan G Eriksson
- a Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland.,e Folkhälsan Research Center , Helsinki , Finland.,h Department of Chronic Disease Prevention , National Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki , Finland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sundelin HE, Stephansson O, Hultman CM, Ludvigsson JF. Pregnancy outcomes in women with autism: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Clin Epidemiol 2018; 10:1817-1826. [PMID: 30555264 PMCID: PMC6280895 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s176910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The consequences of autism in pregnancy outcomes have not been explored before, although it is of crucial importance because of the frequent comorbidities and medication in this group of women. Objectives To estimate the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women diagnosed with autism. Design Nationwide population-based cohort study. Setting Sweden. Participants Singleton births identified in the Swedish Medical Birth Registry, 2006–2014. A total of 2,198 births to women diagnosed with autism registered in the Swedish National Patient Registry were compared to 877,742 singleton births to women without such a diagnosis. Main outcome and measures Preterm delivery. Secondary measures were cesarean delivery (emergency and elective), Apgar score <7 at 5 minutes, small for gestational age, large for gestational age, stillbirth, gestational diabetes, and preeclampsia. ORs were calculated through logistic regression, adjusted for maternal age at delivery, maternal country of birth, smoking, maternal body mass index, parity, calendar year of birth, and psychotropic and antiepileptic medication during pregnancy. Results Women with autism were at increased risk of preterm birth (OR=1.30; 95% CI=1.10–1.54), especially medically indicated preterm birth (OR=1.41; 95% CI=1.08–1.82), but not with spontaneous preterm birth. Maternal autism was also associated with an increased risk of elective cesarean delivery (OR=1.44; 95% CI=1.25–1.66) and preeclampsia (OR=1.34; 95% CI=1.08–1.66), but not with emergency cesarean delivery, low Apgar score (<7), large for gestational age, gestational diabetes, and stillbirth. In women with medication during pregnancy, there was no increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcome except for induction of delivery (OR=1.33; 95% CI=1.14–1.55). Conclusion and relevance Maternal autism is associated with preterm birth, likely due to an increased frequency of medically indicated preterm births, but also with other adverse pregnancy outcomes, suggesting a need for extra surveillance during prenatal care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heléne Ek Sundelin
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden, .,Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden,
| | - Olof Stephansson
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska University Hospital and Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of epidemiology and biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Christina M Hultman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonas F Ludvigsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Pediatrics, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.,Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Andrade C. How to Read a Research Paper: An Exercise Using a Study on Continuation vs. Discontinuation of Antidepressants during Pregnancy. Indian J Psychol Med 2018; 40:600-601. [PMID: 30533970 PMCID: PMC6241196 DOI: 10.4103/ijpsym.ijpsym_424_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to critically read a research paper is a skill that all postgraduate students and academicians require because the findings of a study must be interpreted in the context of its strengths and limitations. This article summarizes a recent study on continuation vs. discontinuation of antidepressants during pregnancy; preterm birth and low-birth weight were the outcomes of interest. The strengths and limitations of the study are considered, as are the best and worst case scenarios related to antidepressant use during pregnancy. It is hoped that this exercise will increase the reader's awareness of statistical and methodological issues that emerge when a study is critically examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chittaranjan Andrade
- Department of Psychopharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Thorsness KR, Watson C, LaRusso EM. Perinatal anxiety: approach to diagnosis and management in the obstetric setting. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 219:326-345. [PMID: 29803818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety is common in women during the perinatal period, manifests with various symptoms and severity, and is associated with significant maternal morbidity and adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes. Given the intimate relationship and frequency of contact, the obstetric provider is positioned optimally to create a therapeutic alliance and to treat perinatal anxiety. Time constraints, absence of randomized controlled trials, mixed quality of data, and concern for potential adverse reproductive outcomes all limit the clinician's ability to initiate informed risk-benefit discussions. Clear understanding of the role of the obstetric provider in the identification, stabilization, and initiation of medication and/or referral to psychotherapy for women with perinatal anxiety disorders is critical to maternal and neonatal wellbeing. Informed by our clinical practice as perinatal psychiatric providers, we have provided a concise summary of current research on the approach to the treatment of perinatal anxiety disorders in the obstetric setting that includes psychotherapy and supportive interventions, primary and adjuvant psychiatric medication, and general prescribing pearls. Medications that we examined include antidepressants, benzodiazepines, sedative-hypnotics, antihistamines, quetiapine, buspirone, propranolol, and melatonin. Further research into management of perinatal anxiety, particularly psychopharmacologic management, is warranted.
Collapse
|
19
|
The Role of European Healthcare Databases for Post-Marketing Drug Effectiveness, Safety and Value Evaluation: Where Does Italy Stand? Drug Saf 2018; 42:347-363. [DOI: 10.1007/s40264-018-0732-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
20
|
Cantarutti A, Franchi M, Rea F, Merlino L, Corrao G. Use of Nimesulide During Early Pregnancy and the Risk of Congenital Malformations: A Population-Based Study from Italy. Adv Ther 2018; 35:981-992. [PMID: 29923044 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-018-0735-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nimesulide is the most prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug in Italy, and it is currently marketed in about 50 countries worldwide. The association between the use of nimesulide in early pregnancy and the risk of birth defects was investigated in a large cohort of pregnant women from Italy. METHODS Data were from the healthcare utilization databases of the Italian region of Lombardy. The cohort of 353,081 newborns occurring in Lombardy during the period 2005-2010 was investigated. Exposure to nimesulide during the first trimester of pregnancy, and congenital malformations detected at presentation and within 90 days after birth (outcome), were investigated. Exposure-outcome association was measured by the ratio between the prevalence of congenital malformations among users and non-users of nimesulide. Propensity score stratification was used to control for potential confounders, including maternal medical comorbidities, concomitant medications and sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS The 627 (0.18%) women who filled prescriptions for nimesulide in the first trimester of pregnancy had a 2.6-fold risk of having children with congenital urinary tract anomalies compared to those who did not (adjusted prevalence ratio 2.6; 95% CI 1.2-5.7). Weaker and non-significant evidence for congenital malformations as a whole was found (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.2, 95% CI 0.9-1.6). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that the use of nimesulide in early pregnancy may result in a greater risk of having births with congenital urinary tract anomalies. FUNDING This study was funded by grants from the Italian Ministry of the Education, University and Research ('Fondo d'Ateneo per la Ricerca' portion, year 2015).
Collapse
|
21
|
Guan HB, Wei Y, Wang LL, Qiao C, Liu CX. Prenatal Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Use and Associated Risk for Gestational Hypertension and Preeclampsia: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2018; 27:791-800. [PMID: 29489446 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2017.6642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To analyze existing cohort studies and provide evidence for the use of prenatal selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) monotherapy and the associated risk of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. METHODS A comprehensive search of English language articles published before 30th April 2017 was conducted on PubMed, EMBASE, and the Web of Science databases. Using data acquired, we summarized the relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia using the random-effects model. Heterogeneity between studies was also assessed with the I2 statistic. RESULTS Seven cohort studies with 1,108,261 individuals were included for analysis. Compared with nonusers, those undertaking prenatal SSRI monotherapy were more likely to develop gestational hypertension or preeclampsia (summarized RR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.05-1.40, I2 = 71.3%), gestational hypertension (summarized RR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.00-1.30, I2 = 5.7%), and preeclampsia (summarized RR = 1.32, 95% CI: 0.99-1.78, I2 = 83.3%). In addition, although subgroup analyses, which were stratified by study design, number of cases, geographic location, duration of SSRI monotherapy, registry databases, and adjustment for potential confounders and risk factors, were consistent with the main findings, not all of these showed statistical significance. No evidence of publication bias was detected. CONCLUSIONS Women who receive SSRI monotherapy during pregnancy are at increased risk of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Guan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Lei-Lei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Chong Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Cai-Xia Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bartel S, Costa SD, Kropf S, Redlich A, Rissmann A. Pregnancy Outcomes in Maternal Neuropsychiatric Illness and Substance Abuse. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2017; 77:1189-1199. [PMID: 29200475 PMCID: PMC5703669 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-120920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Worldwide the prevalence of neuropsychiatric illness among women of reproductive age is higher than ever before. This study investigates the influences of maternal substance abuse/dependence and neuropsychiatric illness on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.
Patients and Methods
Using a retrospective study design 185 pregnancies in women with neuropsychiatric illnesses or substance abuse were identified at a single centre over a period of 3.25 years and compared to 4907 pregnancies in healthy women without mental illness. Differences in pre-, peri- and postnatal pregnancy parameters were studied.
Results
Numbers of previous abortions on obstetric history were significantly higher in cases compared to controls, women with depression being especially affected. The number of antenatal visits was also higher among cases, especially in women with depression. The caesarean section rate was significantly higher in cases compared to controls. Children of women with neuropsychiatric illness were born at lower gestational ages than those of healthy control mothers, however there were no significant differences between case and control groups for birth weight, head circumference or Apgar scores. Some isolated differences were found for disease-specific case subgroups compared to controls.
Conclusion
The study shows a relationship between maternal neuropsychiatric illness and pregnancy outcomes independent of medication use. Rates of spontaneous abortion were higher. Children were born earlier, yet the neonatal outcomes birth weight, head circumference and Apgar score were not worse than children of mentally healthy women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Severine Bartel
- Fehlbildungsmonitoring Sachsen-Anhalt, Medizinische Fakultät der Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Serban Dan Costa
- Universitätsfrauenklinik Magdeburg, Medizinische Fakultät der Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Siegfried Kropf
- Institut für Biometrie und Medizinische Informatik (IBMI), Medizinische Fakultät der Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anke Redlich
- Universitätsfrauenklinik Magdeburg, Medizinische Fakultät der Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anke Rissmann
- Fehlbildungsmonitoring Sachsen-Anhalt, Medizinische Fakultät der Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Parental psychopathology and offspring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a nationwide sample. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 94:124-130. [PMID: 28710942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the associations between a wide range of parental psychiatric disorders and offspring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHOD This study is based on a nested case-control design. The association between parental registered psychiatric diagnoses and offspring ADHD was examined adjusting for socioeconomic and prenatal factors. Data was linked from Finnish nationwide registers. The cases (n = 10,409) were all the children born between years 1991 and 2005 in Finland and diagnosed with ADHD by the end of 2011. Four controls without ADHD (n = 39,124) were matched for every case by sex, age and place of birth. Main outcomes were adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for parental diagnosis of cases vs controls. Analyses were further stratified by sex. Disorders diagnosed before and after birth were analyzed separately. RESULTS The odds ratio for ADHD increased when only mother (aOR 2.2, 95% CI 2.0-2.3), only father (aOR 1.7, 95% CI 1.6-1.8) and both parents (aOR 3.6, 95% CI 3.3-4.0) were diagnosed. Maternal diagnosis showed stronger association than paternal. The weight of association between several parental disorders and offspring ADHD were similar. Maternal psychopathology overall showed stronger associations with girls than boys with ADHD. The diagnoses registered after birth did not show stronger association than the diagnoses registered before. CONCLUSIONS Maternal psychopathology showing stronger association than paternal implies that environmental factors or their interaction with genetic factors partly mediates the risk of parental psychopathology. Similar associations between several maternal psychiatric disorders and offspring ADHD points towards the need for investigating some common mother-related risk factors.
Collapse
|
24
|
Cantarutti A, Merlino L, Giaquinto C, Corrao G. Use of antidepressant medication in pregnancy and adverse neonatal outcomes: A population-based investigation. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2017; 26:1100-1108. [DOI: 10.1002/pds.4242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cantarutti
- Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, Division of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Laboratory of Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology; University of Milano-Bicocca; Milan Italy
| | - Luca Merlino
- Operative Unit of Territorial Health Services; Region of Lombardy; Milan Italy
| | - Carlo Giaquinto
- Department of Women's and Children's Health; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Giovanni Corrao
- Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, Division of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Laboratory of Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology; University of Milano-Bicocca; Milan Italy
| |
Collapse
|