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Zinc in Cognitive Impairment and Aging. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12071000. [PMID: 35883555 PMCID: PMC9312494 DOI: 10.3390/biom12071000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc, an essential micronutrient for life, was first discovered in 1869 and later found to be indispensable for the normal development of plants and for the normal growth of rats and birds. Zinc plays an important role in many physiological and pathological processes in normal mammalian brain development, especially in the development of the central nervous system. Zinc deficiency can lead to neurodegenerative diseases, mental abnormalities, sleep disorders, tumors, vascular diseases, and other pathological conditions, which can cause cognitive impairment and premature aging. This study aimed to review the important effects of zinc and zinc-associated proteins in cognitive impairment and aging, to reveal its molecular mechanism, and to highlight potential interventions for zinc-associated aging and cognitive impairments.
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Prophylactic Zinc Administration Combined with Swimming Exercise Prevents Cognitive-Emotional Disturbances and Tissue Injury following a Transient Hypoxic-Ischemic Insult in the Rat. Behav Neurol 2022; 2022:5388944. [PMID: 35637877 PMCID: PMC9146809 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5388944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise performance and zinc administration individually yield a protective effect on various neurodegenerative models, including ischemic brain injury. Therefore, this work was aimed at evaluating the combined effect of subacute prophylactic zinc administration and swimming exercise in a transient cerebral ischemia model. The prophylactic zinc administration (2.5 mg/kg of body weight) was provided every 24 h for four days before a 30 min common carotid artery occlusion (CCAO), and 24 h after reperfusion, the rats were subjected to swimming exercise in the Morris Water Maze (MWM). Learning was evaluated daily for five days, and memory on day 12 postreperfusion; anxiety or depression-like behavior was measured by the elevated plus maze and the motor activity by open-field test. Nitrites, lipid peroxidation, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were assessed in the temporoparietal cortex and hippocampus. The three nitric oxide (NO) synthase isoforms, chemokines, and their receptor levels were measured by ELISA. Nissl staining evaluated hippocampus cytoarchitecture and Iba-1 immunohistochemistry activated the microglia. Swimming exercise alone could not prevent ischemic damage but, combined with prophylactic zinc administration, reversed the cognitive deficit, decreased NOS and chemokine levels, prevented tissue damage, and increased Iba-1 (+) cell number. These results suggest that the subacute prophylactic zinc administration combined with swimming exercise, but not the individual treatment, prevents the ischemic damage on day 12 postreperfusion in the transient ischemia model.
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Chu A, Petocz P, Samman S. Zinc status at baseline is not related to acute changes in serum zinc concentration following bouts of running or cycling. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 50:105-110. [PMID: 30262266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Zinc status is implicated in physiological functions related to exercise performance and physical activity. We have previously demonstrated significant changes in serum zinc concentrations following a bout of aerobic exercise, suggestive of a relationship between zinc metabolism and exercise-related functions. In the present study, we aim to determine the association between pre-exercise serum zinc concentration and immediate changes in serum zinc concentration following an aerobic exercise bout. We have previously conducted a systematic literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and SPORTDiscus, for studies that investigated the acute effects of aerobic exercise on zinc biomarkers. In the current study, we undertook a secondary analysis using mixed effects meta-regression modelling to determine the relationship between baseline serum zinc concentration and the change in serum zinc concentration immediately after exercise. Meta-regression models revealed no significant relationship between baseline serum zinc concentration and the change in serum zinc concentration following a bout of exercise when all comparisons were included (slope -0.11 ± 0.07 [standard error]; P > 0.05). When comparisons were stratified by exercise modality, no significant relationships were observed for exercise bouts involving cycling or running. The current analyses were limited by the available literature and low statistical power of the meta-regression models. Based on the current available data, the present analysis revealed limited evidence for a relationship between pre-exercise serum zinc concentration and immediate changes in serum zinc levels following a bout of aerobic exercise. Subgroup meta-regression analyses stratified by the mode of exercise bouts did not differ from the overall results. This suggests that zinc status at baseline is not related to acute changes in serum zinc concentration following bouts of aerobic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Chu
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Peter Petocz
- Department of Statistics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Samir Samman
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia.
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Nrf2 expression and function, but not MT expression, is indispensable for sulforaphane-mediated protection against intermittent hypoxia-induced cardiomyopathy in mice. Redox Biol 2018; 19:11-21. [PMID: 30096613 PMCID: PMC6086220 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported previously that nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and metallothionein (MT) play critical roles in preventing intermittent hypoxia (IH)-induced cardiomyopathy. In addition, positive feedback regulation between Nrf2 and MT is required for the efficient compensative responses of the heart to IH. As an activator of Nrf2, sulforaphane (SFN) has attracted attention as a potential protective agent against cardiovascular disease. Here, we investigated whether SFN can up-regulate cardiac Nrf2 expression and function, as well as MT expression, to prevent IH-induced cardiomyopathy, and if so, whether Nrf2 and MT are indispensable for this preventive effect. Nrf2-knock-out (Nrf2-KO) or MT-KO mice and their wild-type (WT) equivalents were exposed to IH for 4 weeks with or without SFN treatment. SFN almost completely prevented IH-induced cardiomyopathy in WT mice, and this preventive effect was abolished in Nrf2-KO mice but retained in MT-KO mice. In IH-exposed WT mice, SFN induced significant increases in the expression levels of Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant target genes, as well as those of MT, but these effects were not seen in IH-exposed Nrf2-KO mice. By contrast, KO of MT did not affect the ability of SFN to up-regulate the expression of Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant targets. These results suggest that SFN-induced MT expression is Nrf2-dependent, and SFN prevents IH-induced cardiomyopathy in a Nrf2-dependent manner, for which MT is dispensable. This study provides important information that is relevant to the potential use of SFN to prevent IH-induced cardiomyopathy. Sulforaphane (SFN) protects from intermittent-hypoxia (IH)-induced cardiomyopathy; SFN can increase both Nrf2 and metallothionein (MT) but the latter is Nrf2 dependent. SFN protects the heart from IH in wild-type and MT-KO mice, but not in Nrf2 mice. Nrf2 is indispensable, but not MT, for SFN to protect from IH-induced cardiomyopathy.
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Farzanegi P, Abbaszadeh H, Abbassi Daloii A, Kazemi M, Sabbaghian M, Shoeibi A, Nabipour R, Abuhosseini Z, Azarbayjani MA. Effects of aerobic exercise on histopathology and toxicology of ZnO and nano ZnO in male rats. TOXICOLOGICAL & ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2018; 100:103-114. [DOI: 10.1080/02772248.2018.1430233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Farzanegi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran
| | - Hajar Abbaszadeh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran
| | - Asieh Abbassi Daloii
- Exercise Physiology Department, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Kazemi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Sabbaghian
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Shoeibi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran
| | - Roya Nabipour
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran
| | - Zohreh Abuhosseini
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran
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Bian X, Teng T, Zhao H, Qin J, Qiao Z, Sun Y, Liun Z, Xu Z. Zinc prevents mitochondrial superoxide generation by inducing mitophagy in the setting of hypoxia/reoxygenation in cardiac cells. Free Radic Res 2017; 52:80-91. [PMID: 29216769 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1414949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Zinc plays a role in autophagy and protects cardiac cells from ischemia/reperfusion injury. This study aimed to test if zinc can induce mitophagy leading to attenuation of mitochondrial superoxide generation in the setting of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) in cardiac cells. H9c2 cells were subjected to 4 h hypoxia followed by 2 h reoxygenation. Under normoxic conditions, treatments of cells with ZnCl2 increased both the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and GFP-LC3 puncta, implying that zinc induces autophagy. Further experiments showed that endogenous zinc is required for the autophagy induced by starvation and rapamycin. Zinc down-regulated TOM20, TIM23, and COX4 both in normoxic cells and the cells subjected to H/R, indicating that zinc can trigger mitophagy. Zinc increased ERK activity and Beclin1 expression, and zinc-induced mitophagy was inhibited by PD98059 and Beclin1 siRNA during reoxygenation. Zinc-induced Beclin1 expression was reversed by PD98059, implying that zinc promotes Beclin1 expression via ERK. In addition, zinc failed to induce mitophagy in cells transfected with PINK1 siRNA and stabilized PINK1 in mitochondria. Moreover, zinc-induced PINK1 stabilization was inhibited by PD98059. Finally, zinc prevented mitochondrial superoxide generation and dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) at reoxygenation, which was blocked by both the Beclin1 and PINK1 siRNAs, suggesting that zinc prevents mitochondrial oxidative stress through mitophagy. In summary, zinc induces mitophagy through PINK1 and Beclin1 via ERK leading to the prevention of mitochondrial superoxide generation in the setting of H/R. Clearance of damaged mitochondria may account for the cardioprotective effect of zinc on H/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyun Bian
- a Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Tianming Teng
- b Department of Cardiology , General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Huanhuan Zhao
- a Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Jiangyu Qin
- a Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Zhen Qiao
- a Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Yuemin Sun
- b Department of Cardiology , General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Zhiqiang Liun
- a Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Zhelong Xu
- a Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
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