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Li YJ, Chen SY, Jørgensen LB, Overgaard J, Renault D, Colinet H, Ma CS. Interspecific differences in thermal tolerance landscape explain aphid community abundance under climate change. J Therm Biol 2023; 114:103583. [PMID: 37270894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A single critical thermal limit is often used to explain and infer the impact of climate change on geographic range and population abundance. However, it has limited application in describing the temporal dynamic and cumulative impacts of extreme temperatures. Here, we used a thermal tolerance landscape approach to address the impacts of extreme thermal events on the survival of co-existing aphid species (Metopolophium dirhodum, Sitobion avenae and Rhopalosiphum padi). Specifically, we built the thermal death time (TDT) models based on detailed survival datasets of three aphid species with three ages across a broad range of stressful high (34-40 °C) and low (-3∼-11 °C) temperatures to compare the interspecific and developmental stage variations in thermal tolerance. Using these TDT parameters, we performed a thermal risk assessment by calculating the potential daily thermal injury accumulation associated with the regional temperature variations in three wheat-growing sites along a latitude gradient. Results showed that M. dirhodum was the most vulnerable to heat but more tolerant to low temperatures than R. padi and S. avenae. R. padi survived better at high temperatures than Sitobion avenae and M. dirhodum but was sensitive to cold. R. padi was estimated to accumulate higher cold injury than the other two species during winter, while M. dirhodum accrued more heat injury during summer. The warmer site had higher risks of heat injury and the cooler site had higher risks of cold injury along a latitude gradient. These results support recent field observations that the proportion of R. padi increases with the increased frequency of heat waves. We also found that young nymphs generally had a lower thermal tolerance than old nymphs or adults. Our results provide a useful dataset and method for modelling and predicting the consequence of climate change on the population dynamics and community structure of small insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Jie Li
- School of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Climate Change Biology Research Group, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No 2, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China; UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)], Université Rennes 1, avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042, Rennes cedex, France
| | - Si-Yang Chen
- Climate Change Biology Research Group, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No 2, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | | | - Johannes Overgaard
- Zoophysiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - David Renault
- UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)], Université Rennes 1, avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042, Rennes cedex, France
| | - Hervé Colinet
- UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)], Université Rennes 1, avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042, Rennes cedex, France
| | - Chun-Sen Ma
- School of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Climate Change Biology Research Group, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No 2, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Le Lann C, van Baaren J, Visser B. Dealing with predictable and unpredictable temperatures in a climate change context: the case of parasitoids and their hosts. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:224/Suppl_1/jeb238626. [PMID: 33627468 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.238626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Earth's climate is changing at a rapid pace. To survive in increasingly fluctuating and unpredictable environments, species can either migrate or evolve through rapid local adaptation, plasticity and/or bet-hedging. For small ectotherm insects, like parasitoids and their hosts, phenotypic plasticity and bet-hedging could be critical strategies for population and species persistence in response to immediate, intense and unpredictable temperature changes. Here, we focus on studies evaluating phenotypic responses to variable predictable thermal conditions (for which phenotypic plasticity is favoured) and unpredictable thermal environments (for which bet-hedging is favoured), both within and between host and parasitoid generations. We then address the effects of fluctuating temperatures on host-parasitoid interactions, potential cascading effects on the food web, as well as biological control services. We conclude our review by proposing a road map for designing experiments to assess if plasticity and bet-hedging can be adaptive strategies, and to disentangle how fluctuating temperatures can affect the evolution of these two strategies in parasitoids and their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Le Lann
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (écosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) - UMR 6553, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Joan van Baaren
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (écosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) - UMR 6553, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Bertanne Visser
- Evolution and Ecophysiology Group, Biodiversity Research Centre, Earth and Life Institute, UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Huang J, Li G, Lei H, Fan C, Tian C, Chen Q, Huang B, Li H, Lu Z, Feng H. Low-temperature derived temporal change in the vertical distribution of Sesamia inferens larvae in winter, with links to its latitudinal distribution. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236174. [PMID: 32722719 PMCID: PMC7386632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To escape or alleviate low temperatures in winter, insects have evolved many behavioral and physiological strategies. The purple stem borer, Sesamia inferens (Walker) is currently reported to be expanding their northern distributions and causing damage to summer maize in Xinxiang, China. However, their method of coping with the lower temperature in the new northern breeding area in winter is largely unknown. This paper investigates the overwinter site of S. inferens, and identifies the cold hardiness of larvae collected from a new breeding area in winter and explores a potential distribution based on low temperature threshold and on species distribution model MaxEnt. The results show that the overwintering location of the S. inferens population is more likely to be underground with increasing latitude and the population gradually moved down the corn stalk and drilled completely underground in later winter (February) in the north. The cold hardiness test shows the species is a moderate freeze-tolerant one, and Supercooling Points (SCP), Freezing Points (FP) and the incidence of mortality during the middle of winter (January, SCP: -7.653, FP: -6.596) were significantly lower than early winter (October) or late winter (March). Distribution in the new expansion area was predicted and the survival probability area was below N 35° for the Air Lower Lethal Temperature (ALLT50) and below N 40° for the Underground Lower Lethal Temperature (ULLT50). The suitable habitat areas for S. inferens with MaxEnt were also below N 40°. This study suggests the overwinter strategies of S. inferens have led to the colonization of up to a five degree more northerly overwintering latitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Huang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, MOA's Regional Key Lab of Crop IPM in Southern Part of Northern China; Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (JH); (HF)
| | - Guoping Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, MOA's Regional Key Lab of Crop IPM in Southern Part of Northern China; Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haixia Lei
- Xinyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinyang, China
| | - Chunbin Fan
- Tianjing Beidagang Wetland Conservation Centre, Tianjing, China
| | - Caihong Tian
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, MOA's Regional Key Lab of Crop IPM in Southern Part of Northern China; Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Luohe Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Luohe, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, MOA's Regional Key Lab of Crop IPM in Southern Part of Northern China; Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huilong Li
- Xinyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinyang, China
| | - Zhaocheng Lu
- Xinyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinyang, China
| | - Hongqiang Feng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, MOA's Regional Key Lab of Crop IPM in Southern Part of Northern China; Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail: (JH); (HF)
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Valls A, Kral-O'Brien K, Kopco J, Harmon JP. Timing alters how a heat shock affects a host-parasitoid interaction. J Therm Biol 2020; 90:102596. [PMID: 32479391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Abiotic factors' effects on species are now well-studied, yet they are still often difficult to predict, especially for strongly interacting species. If these altered abiotic factors and species interactions occur as discrete events in time, such complications may occur because of the events' relative timing. One such discrete abiotic factor is the short-duration, large magnitude increase in temperature called a heat shock. This study investigates how the timing of heat shocks affects the successful attack and reproduction of a parasitoid wasp (Aphidius ervi) attacking its host, the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum). We tested three relative timings: 1) heat shock before the wasp attacks hosts, 2) heat shock while the wasp is foraging, and 3) heat shock after the wasp has attacked hosts. In each scenario we compared wasp mummy production (pupal stage) with and without a heat shock. Our results showed that a heat shock had the largest effect when it occurred while wasps actively foraged, with fewer mummies produced when exposed to a heat shock compared to the no heat shock control. Follow-up behavioral tests suggest this was caused by wasps becoming inactive during heat shocks. In contrast, when heat shocks were applied three days before or after foraging, we found no difference in mummy production between the heat shock treatment and no heat shock control. These results show the potential importance of timing when considering the ramifications of an altered abiotic factor, especially with relatively discrete abiotic events and interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleix Valls
- Department of Entomology, North Dakota State University, Dept. 7650, PO Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050, USA.
| | - Katherine Kral-O'Brien
- Department of Entomology, North Dakota State University, Dept. 7650, PO Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050, USA.
| | - James Kopco
- Department of Entomology, North Dakota State University, Dept. 7650, PO Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050, USA.
| | - Jason P Harmon
- Department of Entomology, North Dakota State University, Dept. 7650, PO Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050, USA.
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Weinersmith KL. What's gotten into you?: a review of recent research on parasitoid manipulation of host behavior. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 33:37-42. [PMID: 31358193 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Some parasitoids modify the behavior of their hosts, benefiting themselves at the host's expense. This phenomenon is called 'manipulation', and current research on parasitoid manipulation of host behavior tends to fall into one of three categories. First, the frequency of manipulation and the magnitude of its benefits to the parasitoid remains unclear. Basic documentation of manipulations is thus a major research focus, with especially valuable recent data coming from spiders manipulated by Polysphincta wasps. Second, for a handful of systems, we now have sufficient phylogenetic and behavioral data to begin asking questions about how manipulation evolved. Finally, the field continues to probe the mechanisms through which parasitoids manipulate host behavior, and now examines the role of parasitoid symbionts in this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Weinersmith
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, MS-140, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
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Tougeron K, Damien M, Le Lann C, Brodeur J, van Baaren J. Rapid Responses of Winter Aphid-Parasitoid Communities to Climate Warming. Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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