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Rui G, Liu LY, Guo L, Xue YZ, Lai PP, Gao P, Xing JL, Li J, Ding GR. Effects of 5.8 GHz microwave on hippocampal synaptic plasticity of rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:2247-2259. [PMID: 34293966 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1952165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 5.8 GHz spectrum is gaining more attention in wireless technology. To explore the potential hazards, we investigated the effect of exposure to 5.8 GHz microwave on learning and memory ability of rats. Methods: Morris Water maze (MWM), Novel object recognition (NOR) and Fear conditioning test (FCT) were used to evaluate the ability of spatial and non-spatial memory of rats. The hippocampal morphology, the level of brain injury factors in serum and the mitochondrial membrane potential of hippocampal neurons was examined to evaluate the damage of hippocampal neurons. The density of dendritic spines, the ultrastructure of synapses and the level of PSD95, Synaptophysin, p-CREB and CREB were detected to evaluate the hippocampal synaptic plasticity. RESULTS Compared with Sham group, there was no significant difference in the performance of ethology (in MWM, NOR, FCT) in Microwave 2 h group or Microwave 4 h group. The hippocampal morphology, the serum level of brain injury factors and the content of mitochondrial JC-1 monomer in Microwave 2 h group or Microwave 4 h group did not change obviously, compared with Sham group. The density of dendritic spines, the ultrastructure of synapse and the level of PSD95, Synaptophysin, p-CREB and CREB in hippocampus in Microwave 2 h group or Microwave 4 h group did not significantly change, compared with Sham group. CONCLUSION Under this experimental condition, exposure to 5.8 GHz microwave could not affect the hippocampal synaptic plasticity of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Rui
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li-Yuan Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ling Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi-Zhe Xue
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pan-Pan Lai
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun-Ling Xing
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gui-Rong Ding
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Effects of 5.8 GHz Microwaves on Testicular Structure and Function in Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5182172. [PMID: 35707372 PMCID: PMC9192205 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5182172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of exposure to 5.8 GHz microwaves on testicular structure and function of male adult rats. Methods After 30 days of exposure, we evaluated sperm quality by determining sperm concentration and quantifying the number of abnormal sperm. Testicular morphology was investigated by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The levels of testosterone (T), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), stem cell factor (SCF), and transferrin (TRF) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). We also used western blotting to determine the levels of GDNF and SCF and apoptosis-related protein (caspase-3) in the testis. Results Compared with the sham group, there were no significant differences in terms of sperm count, sperm abnormality, and the levels of T, FSH, LH, GDNF, SCF, and caspase-3 in the microwave group. Conclusion Under the experimental conditions, 5.8 GHz microwave exposure has no obvious effect on testicular structure and function of rats.
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Choi S, Engelke R, Goswami N, Schmidt F. Proteomic profiling of metformin effects in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by SILAC-based quantification. Proteomics 2022; 22:e2100196. [PMID: 35275438 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Metformin is a common and generally the first medication prescribed for treatment of type 2 diabetes. Its mechanism involves affecting pathways that regulate glucose and lipid metabolism in metabolic cells such as that of muscle and liver cells. In spite of various studies exploring its effects, the proteome changes in adipocytes in response to metformin remains poorly understood. In this study, we performed SILAC-based quantitative proteomic profiling to study the effects of metformin specifically on 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We define proteins that exhibited altered levels with metformin treatment, 400 of them showing statistically significant changes in our study. Our results suggest that metformin affects not only the PPARγ signaling pathway, as well as glucose and lipid metabolism, but also protein folding, endoplasmic reticulum stress, negative regulation of appetite, and one-carbon folate metabolism in adipocytes. This proteomic investigation provides important insight into effects of metformin in adipocytes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunkyu Choi
- Proteomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, PO 24144, Qatar
| | - Rudolf Engelke
- Proteomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, PO 24144, Qatar
| | - Neha Goswami
- Proteomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, PO 24144, Qatar
| | - Frank Schmidt
- Proteomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, PO 24144, Qatar
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Abstract
Importance Concerns over radiofrequency radiation (RFR) and carcinogenesis have long existed, and the advent of 5G mobile technology has seen a deluge of claims asserting that the new standard and RFR in general may be carcinogenic. For clinicians and researchers in the field, it is critical to address patient concerns on the topic and to be familiar with the existent evidence base. Observations This review considers potential biophysical mechanisms of cancer induction, elucidating mechanisms of electromagnetically induced DNA damage and placing RFR in appropriate context on the electromagnetic spectrum. The existent epidemiological evidence in humans and laboratory animals to date on the topic is also reviewed and discussed. Conclusions and Relevance The evidence from these combined strands strongly indicates that claims of an RFR-cancer link are not supported by the current evidence base. Much of the research to date, however, has been undermined by methodological shortcomings, and there is a need for higher-quality future research endeavors. Finally, the role of fringe science and unsubstantiated claims in patient and public perception on this topic is highly relevant and must be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Robert Grimes
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Choi S, Goswami N, Schmidt F. Comparative Proteomic Profiling of 3T3-L1 Adipocyte Differentiation Using SILAC Quantification. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:4884-4900. [PMID: 32991178 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adipocyte differentiation is a general physiological process that is also critical for metabolic syndrome. In spite of extensive study in the past two decades, adipogenesis is a still complex cellular process that is accompanied by complicated molecular mechanisms. Here, we performed SILAC-based quantitative global proteomic profiling of 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. We report protein changes to the proteome profiles, with 354 proteins exhibiting significant increase and 56 proteins showing decrease in our statistical analysis. Our results show that adipocyte differentiation is involved not only in metabolic processes by increasing TCA cycle, fatty acid synthesis, lipolysis, acetyl-CoA production, antioxidants, and electron transport, but also in nicotinamide metabolism, cristae formation, mitochondrial protein import, and Ca2+ transport into mitochondria and ER. A search for Chromosome-Centric Human Proteome Project (C-HPP) using neXtprot highlighted one protein with a protein existence uncertain (PE5) and 17 proteins as functionally uncharacterized protein existence 1 (uPE1). This study provides quantitative information on proteome changes in adipogenic differentiation, which is helpful in improving our understanding of the processes of adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunkyu Choi
- Proteomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, PO 24144 Doha, Qatar
| | - Neha Goswami
- Proteomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, PO 24144 Doha, Qatar
| | - Frank Schmidt
- Proteomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, PO 24144 Doha, Qatar
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Campos-Laborie FJ, Risueño A, Ortiz-Estévez M, Rosón-Burgo B, Droste C, Fontanillo C, Loos R, Sánchez-Santos JM, Trotter MW, De Las Rivas J. DECO: decompose heterogeneous population cohorts for patient stratification and discovery of sample biomarkers using omic data profiling. Bioinformatics 2020; 35:3651-3662. [PMID: 30824909 PMCID: PMC6761977 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Motivation Patient and sample diversity is one of the main challenges when dealing with clinical cohorts in biomedical genomics studies. During last decade, several methods have been developed to identify biomarkers assigned to specific individuals or subtypes of samples. However, current methods still fail to discover markers in complex scenarios where heterogeneity or hidden phenotypical factors are present. Here, we propose a method to analyze and understand heterogeneous data avoiding classical normalization approaches of reducing or removing variation. Results DEcomposing heterogeneous Cohorts using Omic data profiling (DECO) is a method to find significant association among biological features (biomarkers) and samples (individuals) analyzing large-scale omic data. The method identifies and categorizes biomarkers of specific phenotypic conditions based on a recurrent differential analysis integrated with a non-symmetrical correspondence analysis. DECO integrates both omic data dispersion and predictor–response relationship from non-symmetrical correspondence analysis in a unique statistic (called h-statistic), allowing the identification of closely related sample categories within complex cohorts. The performance is demonstrated using simulated data and five experimental transcriptomic datasets, and comparing to seven other methods. We show DECO greatly enhances the discovery and subtle identification of biomarkers, making it especially suited for deep and accurate patient stratification. Availability and implementation DECO is freely available as an R package (including a practical vignette) at Bioconductor repository (http://bioconductor.org/packages/deco/). Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Campos-Laborie
- Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics Group, Cancer Research Center (CiC-IMBCC, CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), University of Salamanca (USAL), Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, Salamanca, Spain
| | - A Risueño
- Celgene Institute for Translational Research Europe (CITRE), Parque Científico y Tecnológico Cartuja 93, Sevilla, Spain
| | - M Ortiz-Estévez
- Celgene Institute for Translational Research Europe (CITRE), Parque Científico y Tecnológico Cartuja 93, Sevilla, Spain
| | - B Rosón-Burgo
- Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics Group, Cancer Research Center (CiC-IMBCC, CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), University of Salamanca (USAL), Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, Salamanca, Spain
| | - C Droste
- Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics Group, Cancer Research Center (CiC-IMBCC, CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), University of Salamanca (USAL), Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, Salamanca, Spain
| | - C Fontanillo
- Celgene Institute for Translational Research Europe (CITRE), Parque Científico y Tecnológico Cartuja 93, Sevilla, Spain
| | - R Loos
- Celgene Institute for Translational Research Europe (CITRE), Parque Científico y Tecnológico Cartuja 93, Sevilla, Spain
| | - J M Sánchez-Santos
- Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics Group, Cancer Research Center (CiC-IMBCC, CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), University of Salamanca (USAL), Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, Salamanca, Spain
| | - M W Trotter
- Celgene Institute for Translational Research Europe (CITRE), Parque Científico y Tecnológico Cartuja 93, Sevilla, Spain
| | - J De Las Rivas
- Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics Group, Cancer Research Center (CiC-IMBCC, CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), University of Salamanca (USAL), Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, Salamanca, Spain
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Electromagnetic Fields, Genomic Instability and Cancer: A Systems Biological View. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10060479. [PMID: 31242701 PMCID: PMC6627294 DOI: 10.3390/genes10060479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the use of systems biology in understanding the biological effects of electromagnetic fields, with particular focus on induction of genomic instability and cancer. We introduce basic concepts of the dynamical systems theory such as the state space and attractors and the use of these concepts in understanding the behavior of complex biological systems. We then discuss genomic instability in the framework of the dynamical systems theory, and describe the hypothesis that environmentally induced genomic instability corresponds to abnormal attractor states; large enough environmental perturbations can force the biological system to leave normal evolutionarily optimized attractors (corresponding to normal cell phenotypes) and migrate to less stable variant attractors. We discuss experimental approaches that can be coupled with theoretical systems biology such as testable predictions, derived from the theory and experimental methods, that can be used for measuring the state of the complex biological system. We also review potentially informative studies and make recommendations for further studies.
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Wang X, Qi H, Zhang J, Pei J, Sun L, Chen S. Multivariable quantitative relation between cell viability and the exposure parameters of 9.33 GHz RF-EMP irradiation. Electromagn Biol Med 2018; 37:146-154. [PMID: 29902088 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2018.1482221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Qualitative analysis of the influence of a certain exposure parameter is commonly performed in bioelectromagnetic studies. However, since the exposure condition requires the control of multiple parameters, the diverse results caused by different combinations of these parameters requires further quantitative study of the multivariable (exposure parameters)-bioeffect relation to identify the rule describing bioelectromagnetic effects. The present work investigated the relation between cell viability and the three main exposure parameters (electric intensity (Es), pulse duration (τ) and pulse number (N)) of 9.33 GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMP). Experiments showed that the inhibitory rate of cell viability (ρ) had a proportional relationship with Es and exponential relationship with N; the equation [Formula: see text] is proposed to quantitatively describe the relation between the cell viability and these three exposure parameters. This equation can be used to predict the significance of a 9.33 GHz RF-EMP-induced bioeffect under the conditions Es <106 kV/m, N < 100, and 300 < τ < 750 ns, under which nonthermal bioeffects dominate for 9.33GHz RF-EMP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghui Wang
- a Biophysics Lab, School of Physics and Material Science , East China Normal University , Shanghai , P R China
| | - Hongxin Qi
- a Biophysics Lab, School of Physics and Material Science , East China Normal University , Shanghai , P R China
| | - Jie Zhang
- a Biophysics Lab, School of Physics and Material Science , East China Normal University , Shanghai , P R China
| | - Jian Pei
- a Biophysics Lab, School of Physics and Material Science , East China Normal University , Shanghai , P R China
| | - Lifang Sun
- a Biophysics Lab, School of Physics and Material Science , East China Normal University , Shanghai , P R China
| | - Shude Chen
- a Biophysics Lab, School of Physics and Material Science , East China Normal University , Shanghai , P R China
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