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Velasco-Cárdenas AF, Jacome-García JC, Pádua DG, Kloss TG. Behavioral Modification of Leucauge mariana Induced by an Ichneumonid Spider-Parasitoid, Hymenoepimecis castilloi, in the Colombian Andes. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 53:364-371. [PMID: 38133732 PMCID: PMC11021313 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-023-01110-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Hymenoepimecis is a genus of Darwin wasps in the Polysphincta group of genera (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) known as ectoparasitoids of a broad spectrum of spiders. The parasitoid induces production of a web known as cocoon web, which provides shelter and support for the wasp pupa. In this study, we describe for the first time the interaction between Hymenoepimecis castilloi Pádua & Sääksjärvi (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and its host spider Leucauge mariana (Taczanowski) (Araneae: Tetragnathidae) in the Colombian Andes, provide new records of wasp genus distribution, and described the behavioral modifications induced in the spider. Web modifications occurred in the webs of both solitary and aggregated individuals. Adhesive spirals were lacking, and webs were connected to vegetation by multiple threads in all cocoon webs, which was not seen attached to webs of non-parasitized spiders. All parasitoid cocoons were observed hanging on a vertical line in the hub of the cocoon web. As previously described for other species, we believe that this modified web design results in increased web strength and favors parasitoid development during the pupal stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés F Velasco-Cárdenas
- Grupo Diversitas, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Univ Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá, Colombia.
| | | | - Diego G Pádua
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Entomologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Univ Católica del Maule, Talca, Maule, Chile
| | - Thiago G Kloss
- Lab of Behavioral Ecology, Dept of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Sobczak JF, Xavier GM, Gonzaga MO, Penteado‐Dias AM. Host size selection and progeny sex determination in
Hymenoepimecis bicolor
(Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae). Ethology 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jober Fernando Sobczak
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza Universidade Federal da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro‐brasileira Acarape Brazil
| | - Gabriel Máximo Xavier
- Pós‐graduação em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais, Instituto de Biologia Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Uberlândia Brazil
- Núcleo de Extensão e Pesquisa em Ecologia e Evolução (NEPEE) Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais Ituiutaba Brazil
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Kloss TG, de Pádua DG, de Almeida SDS, Penteado-Dias AM, Mendes-Pereira T, Sobczak JF, Lacerda FG, Gonzaga MO. A New Darwin Wasp (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and New Records of Behavioral Manipulation of the Host Spider Leucauge volupis (Araneae: Tetragnathidae). NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 51:821-829. [PMID: 36097253 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-022-00991-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Some ichneumonid wasps of the Polysphincta group of genera (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) induce behavioral modifications in their host spiders during a specific moment of their development, resulting in the construction of webs that differ in several aspects from those constructed by unparasitized individuals. In this study, we describe the parasitoid wasp Hymenoepimecis pinheirensis sp. n. (Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) and present information on behavioral modifications in the orb-web structure of its host, the spider Leucauge volupis (Keyserling 1893). Previously, reported observation on this host/parasitoid interaction was restricted to one locality, and the wasp species was misidentified as Hymenoepimecis jordanensis Loffredo and Penteado-Dias 2009. Modified webs built by parasitized spiders lack adhesive spirals and have several radii that converge to the web hub. The cocoon built by the wasp larvae is attached to the web hub, suspended by horizontal radial lines, and surrounded by a tridimensional tangle positioned below the hub. This modified web structure is similar to the most frequent architecture of webs constructed by individuals of Leucauge mariana (Taczanowski 1881) parasitized by Hymenoepimecis tedfordi Gauld 1991. However, cocoon webs built by L. volupis parasitized by H. pinheirensis sp. n. differ from the cocoon webs described for the other Leucauge species parasitized by Hymenoepimecis wasps. This evidence suggests that the modified web pattern in Leucauge species is determined by specific responses of each spider species to the behavioral manipulation mechanism displayed by the wasps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Gechel Kloss
- Depto de Biologia Geral, Univ Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Viçosa, Brazil.
| | - Diego Galvão de Pádua
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thairine Mendes-Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Univ Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jober Fernando Sobczak
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Univ da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Redenção, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Fabrícia Gonçalves Lacerda
- Depto de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saúde, Univ Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil
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Adamo SA. Dividing up the bill: Interactions between how parasitoids manipulate host behaviour and who pays the cost. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shelley A. Adamo
- Dept Psychology and Neuroscience Dalhousie University Halifax NS Canada
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Moen C, Johnson JC, Hackney Price J. Ecdysteroid responses to urban heat island conditions during development of the western black widow spider (Latrodectus hesperus). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267398. [PMID: 35482802 PMCID: PMC9049550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) controls molting in arthropods. The timing of 20E production, and subsequent developmental transitions, is influenced by a variety of environmental factors including nutrition, photoperiod, and temperature, which is particularly relevant in the face of climate change. Environmental changes, combined with rapid urbanization, and the increasing prevalence of urban heat islands (UHI) have contributed to an overall decrease in biodiversity making it critical to understand how organisms respond to elevating global temperatures. Some arthropods, such as the Western black widow spider, Latrodectus hesperus, appear to thrive under UHI conditions, but the physiological mechanism underlying their success has not been explored. Here we examine the relationship between hemolymph 20E titers and spiderling development under non-urban desert (27°C), intermediate (30°C), and urban (33°C) temperatures. We found that a presumptive molt-inducing 20E peak observed in spiders at non-urban desert temperatures was reduced and delayed at higher temperatures. Intermolt 20E titers were also significantly altered in spiders reared under UHI temperatures. Despite the apparent success of black widows in urban environments, we noted that, coincident with the effects on 20E, there were numerous negative effects of elevated temperatures on spiderling development. The differential effects of temperature on pre-molt and intermolt 20E titers suggest distinct hormonal mechanisms underlying the physiological, developmental, and behavioral response to heat, allowing spiders to better cope with urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Moen
- School of Math & Natural Sciences, Arizona State University—West Campus, Glendale, AZ, United States of America
| | - J. Chadwick Johnson
- School of Math & Natural Sciences, Arizona State University—West Campus, Glendale, AZ, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Hackney Price
- School of Math & Natural Sciences, Arizona State University—West Campus, Glendale, AZ, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Fayard M, Dechaume-Moncharmont FX, Wattier R, Perrot-Minnot MJ. Magnitude and direction of parasite-induced phenotypic alterations: a meta-analysis in acanthocephalans. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:1233-1251. [PMID: 32342653 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Several parasite species have the ability to modify their host's phenotype to their own advantage thereby increasing the probability of transmission from one host to another. This phenomenon of host manipulation is interpreted as the expression of a parasite extended phenotype. Manipulative parasites generally affect multiple phenotypic traits in their hosts, although both the extent and adaptive significance of such multidimensionality in host manipulation is still poorly documented. To review the multidimensionality and magnitude of host manipulation, and to understand the causes of variation in trait value alteration, we performed a phylogenetically corrected meta-analysis, focusing on a model taxon: acanthocephalan parasites. Acanthocephala is a phylum of helminth parasites that use vertebrates as final hosts and invertebrates as intermediate hosts, and is one of the few parasite groups for which manipulation is predicted to be ancestral. We compiled 279 estimates of parasite-induced alterations in phenotypic trait value, from 81 studies and 13 acanthocephalan species, allocating a sign to effect size estimates according to the direction of alteration favouring parasite transmission, and grouped traits by category. Phylogenetic inertia accounted for a low proportion of variation in effect sizes. The overall average alteration of trait value was moderate and positive when considering the expected effect of alterations on trophic transmission success (signed effect sizes, after the onset of parasite infectivity to the final host). Variation in the alteration of trait value was affected by the category of phenotypic trait, with the largest alterations being reversed taxis/phobia and responses to stimuli, and increased vulnerability to predation, changes to reproductive traits (behavioural or physiological castration) and immunosuppression. Parasite transmission would thereby be facilitated mainly by changing mainly the choice of micro-habitat and the anti-predation behaviour of infected hosts, and by promoting energy-saving strategies in the host. In addition, infection with larval stages not yet infective to definitive hosts (acanthella) tends to induce opposite effects of comparable magnitude to infection with the infective stage (cystacanth), although this result should be considered with caution due to the low number of estimates with acanthella. This analysis raises important issues that should be considered in future studies investigating the adaptive significance of host manipulation, not only in acanthocephalans but also in other taxa. Specifically, the contribution of phenotypic traits to parasite transmission and the range of taxonomic diversity covered deserve thorough attention. In addition, the relationship between behaviour and immunity across parasite developmental stages and host-parasite systems (the neuropsychoimmune hypothesis of host manipulation), still awaits experimental evidence. Most of these issues apply more broadly to reported cases of host manipulation by other groups of parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Fayard
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 6 Bd Gabriel, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - François-Xavier Dechaume-Moncharmont
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 6 Bd Gabriel, 21000, Dijon, France.,Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Rémi Wattier
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 6 Bd Gabriel, 21000, Dijon, France
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Tang SW, Tang WH. Opportunities in Novel Psychotropic Drug Design from Natural Compounds. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 22:601-607. [PMID: 31353393 PMCID: PMC6754733 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyz042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple initiatives at the national and international level support natural drug discovery. Psychiatrists and patients are not well informed about natural psychotropics in general. Existing antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs were developed from atropine, a natural product. Subsequent drug developments were largely based on extension and modification of earlier molecular scaffolds. This limits their mechanisms of action to similar neuropathways. Natural psychotropic substances, particularly those with hallucinogenic and psychedelic properties and different chemical structures, may serve as new paths to novel psychotropic drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu Wa Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine, California; North Campus Psychiatry Trailer, Irvine, California,Institute of Brain Medicine, Hong Kong,Correspondence: Siu Wa Tang, MB, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine, CA; North Campus Psychiatry Trailer, Zot 1681 Irvine, CA 92697-1681 ()
| | - Wayne H Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine, California; North Campus Psychiatry Trailer, Irvine, California
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Bioinformatic analysis suggests potential mechanisms underlying parasitoid venom evolution and function. Genomics 2019; 112:1096-1104. [PMID: 31247332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hymenopteran parasitoid wasps are a diverse collection of species that infect arthropod hosts and use factors found in their venoms to manipulate host immune responses, physiology, and behaviour. Whole parasitoid venoms have been profiled using proteomic approaches, and here we present a bioinformatic characterization of the venom protein content from Ganaspis sp. 1, a parasitoid that infects flies of the genus Drosophila. We find evidence that diverse evolutionary processes including multifunctionalization, co-option, gene duplication, and horizontal gene transfer may be acting in concert to drive venom gene evolution in Ganaspis sp.1. One major role of parasitoid wasp venom is host immune evasion. We previously demonstrated that Ganaspis sp. 1 venom inhibits immune cell activation in infected Drosophila melanogaster hosts, and our current analysis has uncovered additional predicted virulence functions. Overall, this analysis represents an important step towards understanding the composition and activity of parasitoid wasp venoms.
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Weinersmith KL. What's gotten into you?: a review of recent research on parasitoid manipulation of host behavior. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 33:37-42. [PMID: 31358193 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Some parasitoids modify the behavior of their hosts, benefiting themselves at the host's expense. This phenomenon is called 'manipulation', and current research on parasitoid manipulation of host behavior tends to fall into one of three categories. First, the frequency of manipulation and the magnitude of its benefits to the parasitoid remains unclear. Basic documentation of manipulations is thus a major research focus, with especially valuable recent data coming from spiders manipulated by Polysphincta wasps. Second, for a handful of systems, we now have sufficient phylogenetic and behavioral data to begin asking questions about how manipulation evolved. Finally, the field continues to probe the mechanisms through which parasitoids manipulate host behavior, and now examines the role of parasitoid symbionts in this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Weinersmith
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, MS-140, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
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10
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Eberhard WG, Gonzaga MO. Evidence that Polysphincta-group wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) use ecdysteroids to manipulate the
web-construction behaviour of their spider hosts. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William G Eberhard
- Smithsonian Tropical Institute, Panama, Ancón, República de Panamáa
- Escuela de BiologÍa, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria, Costa Rica, USA
- Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Marcelo O Gonzaga
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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Suppression of orb-web building behavior of the spider Metazygia laticeps (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889) (Araneae: Araneidae) by a new parasitoid wasp. ZOOL ANZ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Insect behavior can be manipulated by parasites, and in many cases, such manipulation involves the central and peripheral nervous system. Neuroparasitology is an emerging branch of biology that deals with parasites that can control the nervous system of their host. The diversity of parasites that can manipulate insect behavior ranges from viruses to macroscopic worms and also includes other insects that have evolved to become parasites (notably, parasitic wasps). It is remarkable that the precise manipulation observed does not require direct entry into the insect brain and can even occur when the parasite is outside the body. We suggest that a spatial view of manipulation provides a holistic approach to examining such interactions. Integration across approaches from natural history to advanced imaging techniques, omics, and experiments will provide new vistas in neuroparasitology. We also suggest that for researchers interested in the proximate mechanisms of insect behaviors, studies of parasites that have evolved to control such behavior is of significant value.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Hughes
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA;
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Frederic Libersat
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel;
- Zlotowski Center for Neurosciences, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
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Korenko S, Hamouzová K, Kysilková K, Kolářová M, Kloss T, Takasuka K, Pekár S. Divergence in host utilisation by two spider ectoparasitoids within the genus Eriostethus (Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae). ZOOL ANZ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Correction: Proximate mechanism of behavioral manipulation of an orb-weaver spider host by a parasitoid wasp. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174146. [PMID: 28288208 PMCID: PMC5348005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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