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The role of domain general factors (spatial, executive function, working memory, attention and fine motor skills) in numerical processing in early childhood. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03350-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sheu YS, Desmond JE. Cerebro-Cerebellar Response to Sequence Violation in a Cognitive Task: an fMRI Study. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 21:73-85. [PMID: 34021492 PMCID: PMC8606618 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-021-01279-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The phonological loop is part of Baddeley's verbal working memory (VWM) model that stores phonological information and refreshes its contents through an articulatory process. Many studies have reported the cerebellum's involvement during VWM tasks. In the motor literature, the cerebellum is thought to support smooth and rapid movement sequences through internal models that simulate the action of motor commands, then use the error signals generating from the discrepancy between the predicted and actual sensory consequences to adjust the motor system. Here, we hypothesize that a similar monitoring and error-driven adjustment process can be extended to VWM; specifically, the cerebellum checks for discrepancies between the predicted and actual articulatory process to ensure the accuracy and fluency of articulatory rehearsal. During neuroimaging, participants rehearsed a sequence of letters in sync with the presentation of a visual pacing stimulus (#) that was terminated by the occurrence of a probe letter. Participants judged whether the probe was the correct letter in the sequence (i.e., match trial), or deviated from the sequence (i.e., mismatch trial). Detection of sequence violation was not only associated with prolonged reaction time but also an increased activation in a left executive control network. Psychophysiological interaction was used to investigate whether the cerebellum interacts with the cerebral cortex for error monitoring and adjustments. We found increased functional connectivity between the right cerebellum and the cerebral cortex during mismatch relative to match probes, indicating sequence violation resulting in greater cerebellar connectivity with areas in the cerebral cortex involved in phonological sequencing.
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The distinct contribution of verbal and visuospatial short-term memory abilities to arithmetic development. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2021.101139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lukowski SL, Padrutt ER, Sarafoglou K, Ross JL, Law JR, Olson RE, Mazzocco MMM. Variation in early number skills and mathematics achievement: Implications from cognitive profiles of children with or without Turner syndrome. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239224. [PMID: 33006984 PMCID: PMC7531844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with Mathematics Learning Disabilities have persistent mathematics underperformance but vary with respect to their cognitive profiles. The present study examined mathematics ability and achievement, and associated mathematics-specific numerical skills and domain-general cognitive abilities, in young children with Turner syndrome compared to their matched peers. We utilized two independent peer groups so that group comparisons would account for verbal skills, a hypothesized strength of girls with Turner syndrome, and nonsymbolic magnitude comparison skills, a hypothesized difference of girls with Turner syndrome. This individual matching approach afforded characterization of mathematics profiles of girls with Turner syndrome and girls without Turner syndrome that share potential key features of the Turner syndrome phenotype. Results indicated differences in mathematics ability and nonsymbolic magnitude comparison tasks between girls with Turner syndrome and peers with similar levels of verbal skill. Mathematics ability and mathematics achievement scores of girls with Turner syndrome did not differ significantly from their peers with similar levels of accuracy on a nonsymbolic magnitude comparison task. Cognitive correlates of mathematics outcomes showed disparate patterns across groups. These quantitative and qualitative differences across profiles enhance our understanding of variation in mathematics ability in early childhood and inform how mathematics skills develop in young children with or without Turner syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Lukowski
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Emily R. Padrutt
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Kyriakie Sarafoglou
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Judith L. Ross
- Department of Pediatrics, Nemours DuPont Hospital for Children, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jennifer R. Law
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Rachel E. Olson
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Michèle M. M. Mazzocco
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
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Attout L, Noël MP, Rousselle L. Magnitude processing in populations with spina-bifida: The role of visuospatial and working memory processes. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2020; 102:103655. [PMID: 32413584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
People with Spina Bifida usually experience difficulties with mathematics. In a series of other developmental disorders, a magnitude processing deficit was considered to be the main source of subsequent difficulties in mathematics. The processing of magnitude could be numerical (which is the larger number) or non-numerical such as spatial (e.g., which is the longer?) or temporal (which one last longer?) for instance. However, no study yet has examined directly magnitude processes in a population with Spina Bifida. On the other hand, recent studies in people with genetic syndromes have suggested that visuospatial and working memory processes play an important role in magnitude processing, including number magnitude. Therefore, in this study we explored for the first time magnitude representation using several tasks with different visuospatial and working memory processing requirements, cognitive skills frequently impaired in Spina Bifida. Results showed children with SB presented a global magnitude processing deficit for non-numerical and numerical comparison tasks, but not in symbolic number magnitude tasks compared to controls. Importantly, visuospatial skills and working memory abilities could partially explain the differences between groups in comparison and estimation tasks. This study proposes that magnitude processing difficulties in children with SB could be due to higher cognitive factors such as visuospatial and working memory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Attout
- Research Unit "Enfances", University of Liège, Belgium; Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Marie-Pascale Noël
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Karipidis II, Hong DS. Specific learning disorders in sex chromosome aneuploidies: Neural circuits of literacy and mathematics. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 184:518-530. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iliana I. Karipidis
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesSchool of Medicine, Stanford University Stanford California USA
| | - David S. Hong
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesSchool of Medicine, Stanford University Stanford California USA
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Dimond D, Perry R, Iaria G, Bray S. Visuospatial short-term memory and dorsal visual gray matter volume. Cortex 2018; 113:184-190. [PMID: 30660956 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Visual short-term memory (VSTM) is an important cognitive capacity that varies across the healthy adult population and is affected in several neurodevelopmental disorders. It has been suggested that neuroanatomy places limits on this capacity through a map architecture that creates competition for cortical space. This suggestion has been supported by the finding that primary visual (V1) gray matter volume (GMV) is positively associated with VSTM capacity. However, evidence from neurodevelopmental disorders suggests that the dorsal visual stream is more broadly vulnerable and atypical volumes of other map-containing regions may therefore play a role. For example, Turner syndrome is associated with concomitantly reduced volume of the right intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and deficits in VSTM. As posterior IPS regions (IPS0-2) contain topographic maps, together this suggests that posterior IPS volumes may also associate with VSTM. In this study, we assessed VSTM using two tasks, as well as a composite score, and used voxel-based morphometry of T1-weighted magnetic resonance images to assess GMV in V1 and right IPS0-2 in 32 healthy young adults (16 female). For comparison with previous work, we also assessed associations between VSTM and voxel-wise GMV on a whole-brain basis. We found that total brain volume (TBV) significantly correlated with VSTM, and that correlations between VSTM and regional GMV were substantially reduced in strength when controlling for TBV. In our whole-brain analysis, we found that VSTM was associated with GMV of clusters centered around the right putamen and left Rolandic operculum, though only when TBV was not controlled for. Our results suggest that VSTM ability is unlikely to be accounted for by the volume of an individual cortical region, and may instead rely on distributed structural properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Dimond
- Department of Neuroscience, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Child and Adolescent Imaging Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Rebecca Perry
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Giuseppe Iaria
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Signe Bray
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Child and Adolescent Imaging Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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