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Humphries S, Bond DR, Germon ZP, Keely S, Enjeti AK, Dun MD, Lee HJ. Crosstalk between DNA methylation and hypoxia in acute myeloid leukaemia. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:150. [PMID: 37705055 PMCID: PMC10500762 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01566-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a deadly disease characterised by the uncontrolled proliferation of immature myeloid cells within the bone marrow. Altered regulation of DNA methylation is an important epigenetic driver of AML, where the hypoxic bone marrow microenvironment can help facilitate leukaemogenesis. Thus, interactions between epigenetic regulation and hypoxia signalling will have important implications for AML development and treatment. MAIN BODY This review summarises the importance of DNA methylation and the hypoxic bone marrow microenvironment in the development, progression, and treatment of AML. Here, we focus on the role hypoxia plays on signalling and the subsequent regulation of DNA methylation. Hypoxia is likely to influence DNA methylation through altered metabolic pathways, transcriptional control of epigenetic regulators, and direct effects on the enzymatic activity of epigenetic modifiers. DNA methylation may also prevent activation of hypoxia-responsive genes, demonstrating bidirectional crosstalk between epigenetic regulation and the hypoxic microenvironment. Finally, we consider the clinical implications of these interactions, suggesting that reduced cell cycling within the hypoxic bone marrow may decrease the efficacy of hypomethylating agents. CONCLUSION Hypoxia is likely to influence AML progression through complex interactions with DNA methylation, where the therapeutic efficacy of hypomethylating agents may be limited within the hypoxic bone marrow. To achieve optimal outcomes for AML patients, future studies should therefore consider co-treatments that can promote cycling of AML cells within the bone marrow or encourage their dissociation from the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Humphries
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Danielle R Bond
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Zacary P Germon
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Simon Keely
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Immune Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Anoop K Enjeti
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Calvary Mater Hospital, Waratah, NSW, 2298, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Matthew D Dun
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Heather J Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia.
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Peng H, Weng L, Lei S, Hou S, Yang S, Li M, Zhao D. Hypoxia-hindered methylation of PTGIS in endometrial stromal cells accelerates endometriosis progression by inducing CD16 - NK-cell differentiation. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:890-905. [PMID: 35781537 PMCID: PMC9356144 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00793-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostacyclin (PGI2) plays key roles in shaping the immune microenvironment and modulating vasodilation, whereas its contribution to endometriosis (EMs) remains largely unclear. Our study suggested that prostacyclin synthase (PTGIS)-dependent PGI2 signaling was significantly activated in EMs, which was involved in the hypoxic microenvironment of ectopic lesions and deficient methylation status of the PTGIS promoter. Notably, in vitro assays, hypoxia promoted PTGIS expression through DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1)-mediated DNA methylation deficiency in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs); PTGIS overexpression enhanced the adhesive ability of ESCs and led to elevated PGI2 production, and PGI2 triggered CD16− (encoded by FCGR3, Fc fragment of IgG receptor IIIa) natural killer (NK)-cell differentiation through PGI2 receptor (IP, PTGIR) in an ESC/NK-cell coculture system. Our rodent model experiment suggested that treatment with the PGI2 analog iloprost and adoptive transfer of fcgr3 knockout (fcgr3−/−) NK cells aggravated EMs progression and that genetic ablation of ptgis (ptgis−/−) in ectopic lesions and treatment with the PTGIR antagonist RO1138452 partially rescued this outcome. Thus, our findings identified the contribution of PGI2 to EMs progression via enhancement of the adhesive ability of ESCs and inhibition of the activity of NK cells. We hypothesized that PGI2 is a target for EMs intervention and provide a rationale for studying pharmacological PTGIR inhibition and PTGIS genetic depletion therapies as therapeutic strategies for EMs. Inhibiting the activity of a critical enzyme found overexpressed in endometriosis lesions could lead to novel therapeutics. Endometriosis affects around 10 per cent of women of reproductive age globally, yet the condition is poorly understood. Endometriosis lesions are known to be in a hypoxic, or low oxygen, state. Zhao Dong at Tongji University in Shanghai, China, and co-workers used human tissue samples and mouse models to determine the roles of a metabolite called prostacyclin (PGI2) and its catalytic enzyme (prostacyclin synthase, PTGIS) in endometriosis. PTGIS levels were significantly elevated in hypoxic endometrial cells, triggering the overproduction of PGI2. This PTGIS/PGI2 increase enhanced the adhesiveness of the cells, promoting survival of developing lesions. PGI2 overproduction also triggered abnormal differentiation of a specific group of immune cells called natural killer cells, disrupting the body’s immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lichun Weng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shating Lei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shuhui Hou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shaoliang Yang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mingqing Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Abstract
Hypoxia is defined as a cellular stress condition caused by a decrease in oxygen below physiologically normal levels. Cells in the core of a rapidly growing solid tumor are faced with the challenge of inadequate supply of oxygen through the blood, owing to improper vasculature inside the tumor. This hypoxic microenvironment inside the tumor initiates a gene expression program that alters numerous signaling pathways, allowing the cancer cell to eventually evade adverse conditions and attain a more aggressive phenotype. A multitude of studies covering diverse aspects of gene regulation has tried to uncover the mechanisms involved in hypoxia-induced tumorigenesis. The role of epigenetics in executing widespread and dynamic changes in gene expression under hypoxia has been gaining an increasing amount of support in recent years. This chapter discusses, in detail, various epigenetic mechanisms driving the cellular response to hypoxia in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Pant
- Epigenetics and RNA Processing Lab (ERPL), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, India
| | - Srinivas Abhishek Mutnuru
- Epigenetics and RNA Processing Lab (ERPL), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, India
| | - Sanjeev Shukla
- Epigenetics and RNA Processing Lab (ERPL), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, India.
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Kumar R, Singh AK, Starokadomskyy P, Luo W, Theiss AL, Burstein E, Venuprasad K. Cutting Edge: Hypoxia-Induced Ubc9 Promoter Hypermethylation Regulates IL-17 Expression in Ulcerative Colitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:936-940. [PMID: 33504619 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated IL-17 expression is central to the pathogenesis of several inflammatory disorders, including ulcerative colitis. We have shown earlier that SUMOylation of ROR-γt, the transcription factor for IL-17, regulates colonic inflammation. In this study, we show that the expression of Ubc9, the E2 enzyme that targets ROR-γt for SUMOylation, is significantly reduced in the colonic mucosa of ulcerative colitis patients. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) binds to a CpG island within the Ubc9 gene promoter, resulting in its hypermethylation and reduced Ubc9 expression. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated inhibition of HIF-1α normalized Ubc9 and attenuated IL-17 expression in Th17 cells and reduced diseases severity in Rag1 -/- mice upon adoptive transfer. Collectively, our study reveals a novel epigenetic mechanism of regulation of ROR-γt that could be exploited in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390.,Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Amir Kumar Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390.,Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Petro Starokadomskyy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Weibo Luo
- Department of Pathology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Arianne L Theiss
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045; and
| | - Ezra Burstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - K Venuprasad
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; .,Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
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Kawazoe T, Taniguchi K. The Sprouty/Spred family as tumor suppressors: Coming of age. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:1525-1535. [PMID: 30874331 PMCID: PMC6501019 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ras/Raf/ERK pathway is one of the most frequently dysregulated signaling pathways in various cancers. In some such cancers, Ras and Raf are hotspots for mutations, which cause continuous activation of this pathway. However, in some other cancers, it is known that negative regulators of the Ras/Raf/ERK pathway are responsible for uncontrolled activation. The Sprouty/Spred family is broadly recognized as important negative regulators of the Ras/Raf/ERK pathway, and its expression is downregulated in many malignancies, leading to hyperactivation of the Ras/Raf/ERK pathway. After the discovery of this family, intensive research investigated the mechanism by which it suppresses the Ras/Raf/ERK pathway and its roles in developmental and pathophysiological processes. In this review, we discuss the complicated roles of the Sprouty/Spred family in tumor initiation, promotion, and progression and its future therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Kawazoe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Taniguchi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Camuzi D, de Amorim ÍSS, Ribeiro Pinto LF, Oliveira Trivilin L, Mencalha AL, Soares Lima SC. Regulation Is in the Air: The Relationship between Hypoxia and Epigenetics in Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040300. [PMID: 30939818 PMCID: PMC6523720 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is an inherent condition of tumors and contributes to cancer development and progression. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are the major transcription factors involved in response to low O2 levels, orchestrating the expression of hundreds of genes involved in cancer hallmarks’ acquisition and modulation of epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetics refers to inheritable mechanisms responsible for regulating gene expression, including genes involved in the hypoxia response, without altering the sequence of DNA bases. The main epigenetic mechanisms are DNA methylation, non-coding RNAs, and histone modifications. These mechanisms are highly influenced by cell microenvironment, such as O2 levels. The balance and interaction between these pathways is essential for homeostasis and is directly linked to cellular metabolism. Some of the major players in the regulation of HIFs, such as prolyl hydroxylases, DNA methylation regulators, and histone modifiers require oxygen as a substrate, or have metabolic intermediates as cofactors, whose levels are altered during hypoxia. Furthermore, during pathological hypoxia, HIFs’ targets as well as alterations in epigenetic patterns impact several pathways linked to tumorigenesis, such as proliferation and apoptosis, among other hallmarks. Therefore, this review aims to elucidate the intricate relationship between hypoxia and epigenetic mechanisms, and its crucial impact on the acquisition of cancer hallmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Camuzi
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro CEP 20231-050, Brazil.
| | - Ísis Salviano Soares de Amorim
- Laboratório de Biologia do Câncer (LABICAN), Departamento de Biofisica e Biometria (DBB), Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes (IBRAG), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro CEP 20511-010, Brazil.
| | - Luis Felipe Ribeiro Pinto
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro CEP 20231-050, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Trivilin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Espírito Santo CEP 29500-000, Brazil.
| | - André Luiz Mencalha
- Laboratório de Biologia do Câncer (LABICAN), Departamento de Biofisica e Biometria (DBB), Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes (IBRAG), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro CEP 20511-010, Brazil.
| | - Sheila Coelho Soares Lima
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro CEP 20231-050, Brazil.
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