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Xue M, Huang X, Zhu T, Zhang L, Yang H, Shen Y, Feng L. Unveiling the Significance of Peroxiredoxin 6 in Central Nervous System Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:449. [PMID: 38671897 PMCID: PMC11047492 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6), a unique 1-Cys member of the peroxiredoxin family, exhibits peroxidase activity, phospholipase activity, and lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT) activity. Prdx6 has been known to be an important enzyme for the maintenance of lipid peroxidation repair, cellular metabolism, inflammatory signaling, and antioxidant damage. Growing research has demonstrated that the altered activity of this enzyme is linked with various pathological processes including central nervous system (CNS) disorders. This review discusses the distinctive structure, enzyme activity, and function of Prdx6 in different CNS disorders, as well as emphasizing the significance of Prdx6 in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xue
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (M.X.); (X.H.); (T.Z.); (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.S.)
| | - Xiaojie Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (M.X.); (X.H.); (T.Z.); (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.S.)
- Institute of Biopharmaceuticals, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (M.X.); (X.H.); (T.Z.); (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.S.)
- Institute of Biopharmaceuticals, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (M.X.); (X.H.); (T.Z.); (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.S.)
- Institute of Biopharmaceuticals, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hao Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (M.X.); (X.H.); (T.Z.); (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.S.)
- Institute of Biopharmaceuticals, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yuxian Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (M.X.); (X.H.); (T.Z.); (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.S.)
- Institute of Biopharmaceuticals, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lijie Feng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (M.X.); (X.H.); (T.Z.); (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.S.)
- Institute of Biopharmaceuticals, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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Ma M, Cheng Y, Hou X, Li Z, Wang M, Ma B, Cheng Q, Ding Z, Feng H. Serum biomarkers in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy: a proteomics-based analysis. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1383023. [PMID: 38585359 PMCID: PMC10995353 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1383023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the serum biomarkers in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Methods A total of 9 DRE patients and 9 controls were enrolled. Serum from DRE patients was prospectively collected and analyzed for potential serum biomarkers using TMT18-labeled proteomics. After fine quality control, bioinformatics analysis was conducted to find differentially expressed proteins. Pathway enrichment analysis identified some biological features shared by differential proteins. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis was further performed to discover the core proteins. Results A total of 117 serum differential proteins were found in our study, of which 44 were revised upwards and 73 downwards. The up-regulated proteins mainly include UGGT2, PDIA4, SEMG1, KIAA1191, CCT7 etc. and the down-regulated proteins mainly include ROR1, NIF3L1, ITIH4, CFP, COL11A2 etc. Pathway enrichment analysis identified that the upregulated proteins were mainly enriched in processes such as immune response, extracellular exosome, serine-type endopeptidase activity and complement and coagulation cascades, and the down-regulated proteins were enriched in signal transduction, extracellular exosome, zinc/calcium ion binding and metabolic pathways. PPI network analysis revealed that the core proteins nodes include PRDX6, CAT, PRDX2, SOD1, PARK7, GSR, TXN, ANXA1, HINT1, and S100A8 etc. Conclusion The discovery of these differential proteins enriched our understanding of serum biomarkers in patients with DRE and potentially provides guidance for future targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Suzhou Jinchang Street Bailian Community Health Service Center, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxia Hou
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhisen Li
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meixia Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bodun Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingzhang Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiliang Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongxuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Zhao S, Liu Z, Ma L, Yin M, Zhou Y. Potential biomarkers in hypoglycemic brain injury. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2023:10.1007/s12024-023-00681-8. [PMID: 37466819 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-023-00681-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major underlying mechanism in hypoglycemic brain injury. Several oxidative stress-related proteins were identified through previous proteomics and literature review. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential of these proteins as biomarkers in hypoglycemic brain injury. Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly and equally divided into four groups: control, acute hypoglycemia, hypoglycemia resuscitation 24 h, and hypoglycemia resuscitation 7 days. The hypoglycemic brain injury rat model was successfully constructed according to the Auer model. Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, and immunohistochemical staining were used to quantify the expression of oxidative stress-related proteins. We also verified the expression level of selected protein in the brain samples of fatal insulin overdose cases. The expression of oxidative stress-related proteins PEX1/5/12 was down-regulated in hypoglycemic brain injury (P < 0.05), while the expressions of DJ-1 and NDRG1 were up-regulated (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the serum oxidative stress indexes SOD and MDA in the acute hypoglycemia group were significantly different (P < 0.01). The expressions of DJ-1 and NDRG1 in the hippocampus, cortex, and hypothalamus of rats were increased (P < 0.05). The expressions of DJ-1 and NDRG1 proteins in the cortex of the autopsy samples of insulin overdose were increased (P < 0.05). Oxidative stress-related proteins showed potential value as specific molecular markers in hypoglycemic brain injury, but further confirmatory studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuquan Zhao
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen university, Guang zhou, China
| | - Zihao Liu
- Evidence Identification Center, Chongqing Public Security Bureau, Chongqing, China
| | - Longda Ma
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Yin
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiwu Zhou
- Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen university, Guang zhou, China.
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Timechko EE, Yakimov AM, Paramonova AI, Usoltseva AA, Utyashev NP, Ivin NO, Utyasheva AA, Yakunina AV, Kalinin VA, Dmitrenko DV. Mass Spectrometry as a Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Tool for the Search for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Biomarkers: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11130. [PMID: 37446307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of epilepsy in adults. Tissue reorganization at the site of the epileptogenic focus is accompanied by changes in the expression patterns of protein molecules. The study of mRNA and its corresponding proteins is crucial for understanding the pathogenesis of the disease. Protein expression profiles do not always directly correlate with the levels of their transcripts; therefore, it is protein profiling that is no less important for understanding the molecular mechanisms and biological processes of TLE. The study and annotation of proteins that are statistically significantly different in patients with TLE is an approach to search for biomarkers of this disease, various stages of its development, as well as a method for searching for specific targets for the development of a further therapeutic strategy. When writing a systematic review, the following aggregators of scientific journals were used: MDPI, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer, and Web of Science. Scientific articles were searched using the following keywords: "proteomic", "mass-spectrometry", "protein expression", "temporal lobe epilepsy", and "biomarkers". Publications from 2003 to the present have been analyzed. Studies of brain tissues, experimental models of epilepsy, as well as biological fluids, were analyzed. For each of the groups, aberrantly expressed proteins found in various studies were isolated. Most of the studies omitted important characteristics of the studied patients, such as: duration of illness, type and response to therapy, gender, etc. Proteins that overlap across different tissue types and different studies have been highlighted: DPYSL, SYT1, STMN1, APOE, NME1, and others. The most common biological processes for them were the positive regulation of neurofibrillary tangle assembly, the regulation of amyloid fibril formation, lipoprotein catabolic process, the positive regulation of vesicle fusion, the positive regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway, removal of superoxide radicals, axon extension, and the regulation of actin filament depolymerization. MS-based proteomic profiling for a relevant study must accept a number of limitations, the most important of which is the need to compare different types of neurological and, in particular, epileptic disorders. Such a criterion could increase the specificity of the search work and, in the future, lead to the discovery of biomarkers for a particular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena E Timechko
- Department of Medical Genetics and Clinical Neurophysiology of Postgraduate Education, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Alexey M Yakimov
- Department of Medical Genetics and Clinical Neurophysiology of Postgraduate Education, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Anastasia I Paramonova
- Department of Medical Genetics and Clinical Neurophysiology of Postgraduate Education, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Anna A Usoltseva
- Department of Medical Genetics and Clinical Neurophysiology of Postgraduate Education, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Nikita P Utyashev
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Medical and Surgical Center Named after N.I. Pirogov", 105203 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita O Ivin
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Medical and Surgical Center Named after N.I. Pirogov", 105203 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Utyasheva
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Medical and Surgical Center Named after N.I. Pirogov", 105203 Moscow, Russia
| | - Albina V Yakunina
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Postgraduate Education, Samara State Medical University, 443079 Samara, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Kalinin
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Postgraduate Education, Samara State Medical University, 443079 Samara, Russia
| | - Diana V Dmitrenko
- Department of Medical Genetics and Clinical Neurophysiology of Postgraduate Education, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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Xu J, Sun M, Wang Y, Xie A, Gao J. Identification of Hub Genes of Mesio Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Prognostic Biomarkers of Brain Low-grade Gliomas Based on Bioinformatics Analysis. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720978722. [PMID: 33327771 PMCID: PMC7873767 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720978722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesio temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) syndrome is the most common form of intractable epilepsies. Meanwhile, seizures are common in patients with cancer as a consequence of brain tumors, including brain low-grade gliomas (LGG). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of MTLE remain poorly understood. Also, the relationship between MTLE and LGG needs our attention. In this study, we aimed to investigate the hub genes and potential mechanism in MTLE, and the relationship between MTLE and LGG, the gene expression profiles (GSE88992) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Difference analysis for MTLE versus control groups under the three time points was conducted to select the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Time series clustering analysis was used to select the trend genes. Then a series of bioinformatics analyses including functional enrichment analysis, protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and module analyses, and transcription factor (TF) and miRNA prediction were performed. Also, the overall survival analysis and expression of hub genes in LGG were performed using UALCAN from TCGA database. At 6 h, there were 351 upregulated and 80 downregulated DEGs. At 12 h, there were 499 upregulated and 231 downregulated DEGs. Additionally, 532 upregulated and 402 downregulated DEGs were obtained at 24 h. After time series clustering analysis of the DEGs, we obtained 323 uptrend and 248 downtrend genes. We identified 10 key genes with higher degrees, including C3, TIMP1, PENK, CKAP4, etc. Five PPI modules were identified by MCODE. TF analysis predicted four TFs: JUN, STAT3, NR4A2, and Myc. A total of 26,834 miRNA–mRNA pairs were predicted. Moreover, survival analysis of UALCAN suggested that C3, TIMP1, PENK, GNG2, CKAP4, TNC, JUN, STAT3, NR4A2, and Myc can be potential biomarkers for the prognosis of LGG. In summary, DEGs and hub genes were identified in the present study, which provides novel insight into the development of MTLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mingqiang Sun
- Department of Clinical Lab, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pediatric, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Anmu Xie
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Pediatric, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
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da Silva EMG, Santos LGC, de Oliveira FS, Freitas FCDP, Parreira VDSC, dos Santos HG, Tavares R, Carvalho PC, Neves-Ferreira AGDC, Haibara AS, de Araujo-Souza PS, Dias AAM, Passetti F. Proteogenomics Reveals Orthologous Alternatively Spliced Proteoforms in the Same Human and Mouse Brain Regions with Differential Abundance in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. Cells 2021; 10:1583. [PMID: 34201730 PMCID: PMC8303486 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) may increase the number of proteoforms produced by a gene. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with well-characterized AS proteoforms. In this study, we used a proteogenomics strategy to build a customized protein sequence database and identify orthologous AS proteoforms between humans and mice on publicly available shotgun proteomics (MS/MS) data of the corpus callosum (CC) and olfactory bulb (OB). Identical proteotypic peptides of six orthologous AS proteoforms were found in both species: PKM1 (gene PKM/Pkm), STXBP1a (gene STXBP1/Stxbp1), Isoform 3 (gene HNRNPK/Hnrnpk), LCRMP-1 (gene CRMP1/Crmp1), SP3 (gene CADM1/Cadm1), and PKCβII (gene PRKCB/Prkcb). These AS variants were also detected at the transcript level by publicly available RNA-Seq data and experimentally validated by RT-qPCR. Additionally, PKM1 and STXBP1a were detected at higher abundances in a publicly available MS/MS dataset of the AD mouse model APP/PS1 than its wild type. These data corroborate other reports, which suggest that PKM1 and STXBP1a AS proteoforms might play a role in amyloid-like aggregate formation. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first to describe PKM1 and STXBP1a overexpression in the OB of an AD mouse model. We hope that our strategy may be of use in future human neurodegenerative studies using mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esdras Matheus Gomes da Silva
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775, Cidade Industrial De Curitiba, Curitiba, PR 81310-020, Brazil; (E.M.G.d.S.); (L.G.C.S.); (F.C.d.P.F.); (V.d.S.C.P.); (H.G.d.S.); (P.C.C.)
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (FIOCRUZ), Av. Brazil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil;
| | - Letícia Graziela Costa Santos
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775, Cidade Industrial De Curitiba, Curitiba, PR 81310-020, Brazil; (E.M.G.d.S.); (L.G.C.S.); (F.C.d.P.F.); (V.d.S.C.P.); (H.G.d.S.); (P.C.C.)
| | - Flávia Santiago de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Câncer, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil; (F.S.d.O.); (A.A.M.D.)
| | - Flávia Cristina de Paula Freitas
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775, Cidade Industrial De Curitiba, Curitiba, PR 81310-020, Brazil; (E.M.G.d.S.); (L.G.C.S.); (F.C.d.P.F.); (V.d.S.C.P.); (H.G.d.S.); (P.C.C.)
| | - Vinícius da Silva Coutinho Parreira
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775, Cidade Industrial De Curitiba, Curitiba, PR 81310-020, Brazil; (E.M.G.d.S.); (L.G.C.S.); (F.C.d.P.F.); (V.d.S.C.P.); (H.G.d.S.); (P.C.C.)
| | - Hellen Geremias dos Santos
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775, Cidade Industrial De Curitiba, Curitiba, PR 81310-020, Brazil; (E.M.G.d.S.); (L.G.C.S.); (F.C.d.P.F.); (V.d.S.C.P.); (H.G.d.S.); (P.C.C.)
| | - Raphael Tavares
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil;
| | - Paulo Costa Carvalho
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775, Cidade Industrial De Curitiba, Curitiba, PR 81310-020, Brazil; (E.M.G.d.S.); (L.G.C.S.); (F.C.d.P.F.); (V.d.S.C.P.); (H.G.d.S.); (P.C.C.)
| | | | - Andrea Siqueira Haibara
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil;
| | - Patrícia Savio de Araujo-Souza
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Histocompatibility, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos 100, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR 81530-980, Brazil;
| | - Adriana Abalen Martins Dias
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Câncer, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil; (F.S.d.O.); (A.A.M.D.)
| | - Fabio Passetti
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775, Cidade Industrial De Curitiba, Curitiba, PR 81310-020, Brazil; (E.M.G.d.S.); (L.G.C.S.); (F.C.d.P.F.); (V.d.S.C.P.); (H.G.d.S.); (P.C.C.)
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Pires G, Leitner D, Drummond E, Kanshin E, Nayak S, Askenazi M, Faustin A, Friedman D, Debure L, Ueberheide B, Wisniewski T, Devinsky O. Proteomic differences in the hippocampus and cortex of epilepsy brain tissue. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab021. [PMID: 34159317 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder affecting over 70 million people worldwide, with a high rate of pharmaco-resistance, diverse comorbidities including progressive cognitive and behavioural disorders, and increased mortality from direct (e.g. sudden unexpected death in epilepsy, accidents, drowning) or indirect effects of seizures and therapies. Extensive research with animal models and human studies provides limited insights into the mechanisms underlying seizures and epileptogenesis, and these have not translated into significant reductions in pharmaco-resistance, morbidities or mortality. To help define changes in molecular signalling networks associated with seizures in epilepsy with a broad range of aetiologies, we examined the proteome of brain samples from epilepsy and control cases. Label-free quantitative mass spectrometry was performed on the hippocampal cornu ammonis 1-3 region (CA1-3), frontal cortex and dentate gyrus microdissected from epilepsy and control cases (n = 14/group). Epilepsy cases had significant differences in the expression of 777 proteins in the hippocampal CA1 - 3 region, 296 proteins in the frontal cortex and 49 proteins in the dentate gyrus in comparison to control cases. Network analysis showed that proteins involved in protein synthesis, mitochondrial function, G-protein signalling and synaptic plasticity were particularly altered in epilepsy. While protein differences were most pronounced in the hippocampus, similar changes were observed in other brain regions indicating broad proteomic abnormalities in epilepsy. Among the most significantly altered proteins, G-protein subunit beta 1 (GNB1) was one of the most significantly decreased proteins in epilepsy in all regions studied, highlighting the importance of G-protein subunit signalling and G-protein-coupled receptors in epilepsy. Our results provide insights into common molecular mechanisms underlying epilepsy across various aetiologies, which may allow for novel targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Pires
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Alzheimer's and Prion Diseases Team, Paris Brain Institute, CNRS, UMR 7225, INSERM 1127, Sorbonne University UM75, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Leitner
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eleanor Drummond
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, Brain and Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Evgeny Kanshin
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shruti Nayak
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manor Askenazi
- Biomedical Hosting LLC, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arline Faustin
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Friedman
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ludovic Debure
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Beatrix Ueberheide
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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do Canto AM, Donatti A, Geraldis JC, Godoi AB, da Rosa DC, Lopes-Cendes I. Neuroproteomics in Epilepsy: What Do We Know so Far? Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 13:604158. [PMID: 33488359 PMCID: PMC7817846 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.604158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsies are chronic neurological diseases that affect approximately 2% of the world population. In addition to being one of the most frequent neurological disorders, treatment for patients with epilepsy remains a challenge, because a proportion of patients do not respond to the antiseizure medications that are currently available. This results in a severe economic and social burden for patients, families, and the healthcare system. A characteristic common to all forms of epilepsy is the occurrence of epileptic seizures that are caused by abnormal neuronal discharges, leading to a clinical manifestation that is dependent on the affected brain region. It is generally accepted that an imbalance between neuronal excitation and inhibition generates the synchronic electrical activity leading to seizures. However, it is still unclear how a normal neural circuit becomes susceptible to the generation of seizures or how epileptogenesis is induced. Herein, we review the results of recent proteomic studies applied to investigate the underlying mechanisms leading to epilepsies and how these findings may impact research and treatment for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M. do Canto
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Amanda Donatti
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline C. Geraldis
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alexandre B. Godoi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Douglas C. da Rosa
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Iscia Lopes-Cendes
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, Brazil
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9
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Xu W, Zhang S, Feng Y, Zhang C, Xiao Y, Tian F. iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis of the hippocampus of pentylenetetrazole-kindled epileptic rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2020; 81:125-141. [PMID: 33316100 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy can severely affect the quality of life of patients, who are often at higher risk of mortality. However, the molecular mechanisms and pathogenesis underlying epileptogenesis are poorly understood. In this study, we performed a proteomic analysis of the hippocampus in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-kindled epileptic rats to explore the molecular mechanisms of epileptogenesis. We established an epileptic model in Sprague Dawley rats by injecting PTZ intraperitoneally and applied isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technology integrated with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the hippocampus. A total of 99 proteins, comprising 93 upregulated and 6 downregulated proteins, were identified based on a fold change >1.2 (or <0.83) and a p-value < .05. A further bioinformatics analysis suggested that the candidate proteins were mainly involved in the ubiquitin ligase complex or metabolite homeostasis or acted as intrinsic components of the membrane. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis identified a series of representative pathological pathways, including the calcium signaling pathway, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway, and the NF-kappa B pathway. The mass spectrometry results were further confirmed by assessing five representative proteins (Akt1, Syvn1, Amfr, Lamb1, and Cox17) using western blotting and immunohistochemistry. These results may help to reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying epileptogenesis and provide new directions or targets for epilepsy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiye Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Yeqing Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Fafa Tian
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
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10
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Leichner J, Lin WC. Advances in imaging and analysis of 4 fluorescent components through the rat cortical column. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 341:108792. [PMID: 32446942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunofluorescent staining coupled with axial optical sectioning allows for assessment of native three-dimensional structure of brain tissue. Typical challenges of analyzing network structure include limitations driven by magnification/field of view, spatial resolution, tissue thickness, staining quality of dense cell types, data quantifiability and the quantity of simultaneous staining targets. NEW METHOD This manuscript demonstrates many methodological advancements. Software-aided alignment of the cortical slice and stereotaxic atlas maximizes ROI-identification accuracy. Tissue compression during antigen retrieval enhances epitope availability without damaging tissue. A thorough factorial experiment focusing on Smi-311 staining highlights the enhancements in image quality from our extended staining protocol. Mosaic scanning techniques and subsequent four-channel alignment ensures high data quality. RESULTS Cortical column datasets [800μm x 3000μm x 70μm] utilizing sequential optical sectioning were successfully generated from three rats. Each rat provided three coronal sections in each of two regions, M1 and S1BF, from which data cubes were generated per hemisphere, totaling 36 high-magnification four-color datasets. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) Typical confocal assessments of brain tissue do not utilize such thick tissue slices nor collect entire cortical columns from the cortical surface to the grey/white interface at a resolution that can map fine filamentous processes. The simultaneous collection of our four specific structural markers - neuronal, astrocytic, vascular and nuclear - is novel and the quantitative optimization of staining protocols through a factorial design rare. CONCLUSIONS Building upon this preliminary success in protocol development, future work will encompass volumetric modeling and quantitative analysis of regional network architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Leichner
- Biomedical Engineering Creative Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, 10555 West Flagler Street, Miami, FL 33174, USA
| | - Wei-Chiang Lin
- Biomedical Engineering Creative Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, 10555 West Flagler Street, Miami, FL 33174, USA.
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11
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Kim JK, Cho J, Kim SH, Kang HC, Kim DS, Kim VN, Lee JH. Brain somatic mutations in MTOR reveal translational dysregulations underlying intractable focal epilepsy. J Clin Invest 2020; 129:4207-4223. [PMID: 31483294 DOI: 10.1172/jci127032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain somatic mutations confer genomic diversity in the human brain and cause neurodevelopmental disorders. Recently, brain somatic activating mutations in MTOR have been identified as a major etiology of intractable epilepsy in patients with cortical malformations. However, the molecular genetic mechanism of how brain somatic mutations in MTOR cause intractable epilepsy has remained elusive. In this study, translational profiling of intractable epilepsy mouse models with brain somatic mutations and genome-edited cells revealed a novel translational dysregulation mechanism and mTOR activation-sensitive targets mediated by human MTOR mutations that lead to intractable epilepsy with cortical malformation. These mTOR targets were found to be regulated by novel mTOR-responsive 5'-UTR motifs, distinct from known mTOR inhibition-sensitive targets regulated by 5' terminal oligopyrimidine motifs. Novel mTOR target genes were validated in patient brain tissues, and the mTOR downstream effector eIF4E was identified as a new therapeutic target in intractable epilepsy via pharmacological or genetic inhibition. We show that metformin, an FDA-approved eIF4E inhibitor, suppresses intractable epilepsy. Altogether, the present study describes translational dysregulation resulting from brain somatic mutations in MTOR, as well as the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets of intractable epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang Keun Kim
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon-Chul Kang
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Epilepsy Clinics, Severance Children's Hospital, Epilepsy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Kim
- Epilepsy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - V Narry Kim
- Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Lee
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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12
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Sum of peak intensities outperforms peak area integration in iTRAQ protein expression measurement by LC-MS/MS using a TripleTOF 5600+ platform. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190904. [PMID: 31110078 PMCID: PMC6554230 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of quantitative proteomics, the Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation (iTRAQ) technology has demonstrated efficacy for proteome monitoring despite its lack of a consensus for data handling. In the present study, after peptide and protein identification, we compared the widespread quantitation method based on the calculation of MS/MS reporter ion peaks areas ratios (ProteinPilot) to the alternative method based on the calculation of ratios of the sum of peak intensities (jTRAQx [Quant]) and we processed output data with the in-house Customizable iTRAQ Ratios Calculator (CiR-C) algorithm. Quantitation based on peak area ratios displayed no significant linear correlation with Western blot quantitation. In contrast, quantitation based on the sum of peak intensities displayed a significant linear association with Western blot quantitation (non-zero slope; Pearson correlation coefficient test, r = 0.296, P=0.010**) with an average bias of 0.087 ± 0.500 and 95% Limits of Agreement from −0.893 to 1.068. We proposed the Mascot-jTRAQx-CiR-C strategy as a simple yet powerful data processing adjunct to the iTRAQ technology.
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13
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Zhou X, Tao H, Cai Y, Cui L, Zhao B, Li K. Stage-dependent involvement of ADAM10 and its significance in epileptic seizures. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:4494-4504. [PMID: 31087543 PMCID: PMC6584734 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of epileptic seizures in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has attracted an increasing amount of attention in recent years, and many cohort studies have found several risk factors associated with the genesis of seizures in AD. Among these factors, young age and severe dementia are seemingly contradictory and independent risk factors, indicating that the pathogenesis of epileptic seizures is, to a certain extent, stage‐dependent. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain‐containing protein 10 (ADAM10) is a crucial α‐secretase responsible for ectodomain shedding of its substrates; thus, the function of this protein depends on the biological effects of its substrates. Intriguingly, transgenic models have demonstrated ADAM10 to be associated with epilepsy. Based on the biological effects of its substrates, the potential pathogenic roles of ADAM10 in epileptic seizures can be classified into amyloidogenic processes in the ageing stage and cortical dysplasia in the developmental stage. Therefore, ADAM10 is reviewed here as a stage‐dependent modulator in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Current data regarding ADAM10 in epileptic seizures were collected and reviewed for potential pathogenic roles (ie amyloidogenic processes and cortical dysplasia) and regulatory mechanisms (ie transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation). These findings are then discussed in terms of the significance of the stage‐dependent functions of ADAM10 in epilepsy. Several potential targets for seizure control, such as candidate transcription factors and microRNAs that regulate ADAM10, as well as potential genetic screening tools for the early recognition of cortical dysplasia, have been suggested but must be studied in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhou
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hua Tao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yujie Cai
- Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lili Cui
- Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Keshen Li
- Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Stroke Center, Neurology & Neurosurgery Division, Clinical Medicine Research Institute & the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Zablotskaya A, Van Esch H, Verstrepen KJ, Froyen G, Vermeesch JR. Mapping the landscape of tandem repeat variability by targeted long read single molecule sequencing in familial X-linked intellectual disability. BMC Med Genomics 2018; 11:123. [PMID: 30567555 PMCID: PMC6299999 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-018-0446-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiology of more than half of all patients with X-linked intellectual disability remains elusive, despite array-based comparative genomic hybridization, whole exome or genome sequencing. Since short read massive parallel sequencing approaches do not allow the detection of larger tandem repeat expansions, we hypothesized that such expansions could be a hidden cause of X-linked intellectual disability. METHODS We selectively captured over 1800 tandem repeats on the X chromosome and characterized them by long read single molecule sequencing in 3 families with idiopathic X-linked intellectual disability. RESULTS In male DNA samples, full tandem repeat length sequences were obtained for 88-93% of the targets and up to 99.6% of the repeats with a moderate guanine-cytosine content. Read length and analysis pipeline allow to detect cases of > 900 bp tandem repeat expansion. In one family, one repeat expansion co-occurs with down-regulation of the neighboring MIR222 gene. This gene has previously been implicated in intellectual disability and is apparently linked to FMR1 and NEFH overexpression associated with neurological disorders. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the power of single molecule sequencing to measure tandem repeat lengths and detect expansions, and suggests that tandem repeat mutations may be a hidden cause of X-linked intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Zablotskaya
- Department of Human Genetics and Center for Human Genetics, Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, O&N I Herestraat 49 - box 606, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hilde Van Esch
- Department of Human Genetics and Center for Human Genetics, Laboratory for Genetics of Cognition, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, O&N I Herestraat 49 - box 606, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kevin J Verstrepen
- VIB Center for Microbiology and CMPG Lab for Genetics and Genomics, KU Leuven, Gaston Geenslaan 1 - box 2471, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Froyen
- Clinical Biology, Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics, Jessa Hospital, Stadsomvaart 11, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Joris R Vermeesch
- Department of Human Genetics and Center for Human Genetics, Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, O&N I Herestraat 49 - box 606, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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15
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Analytical techniques for characterization of biological molecules - proteins and aptamers/oligonucleotides. Bioanalysis 2018; 11:103-117. [PMID: 30475073 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the advent of the high-throughput technologies and exciting times for biology, the discipline of analytical methodology is experiencing a surge in the growth and the scope. Over the years, multitude of analytical techniques have evolved from a work-intensive, low sensitivity and high volume of reagent and sample consumption endeavor to automated, better selectivity, lower limit of quantification and cost-effective techniques for biological research. In this review, we give an overview of the currently available wide range of cell-based and noncell based and structural based analytical techniques, their principle and biological applications. The analytical techniques discussed in this paper includes surface plasmon resonance, electrophoresis, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, Western blotting, flow cytometry, fluorescence activated cell sorting, mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and x-ray crystallography.
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16
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Arena A, Zimmer TS, van Scheppingen J, Korotkov A, Anink JJ, Mühlebner A, Jansen FE, van Hecke W, Spliet WG, van Rijen PC, Vezzani A, Baayen JC, Idema S, Iyer AM, Perluigi M, Mills JD, van Vliet EA, Aronica E. Oxidative stress and inflammation in a spectrum of epileptogenic cortical malformations: molecular insights into their interdependence. Brain Pathol 2018; 29:351-365. [PMID: 30303592 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) occurs in brains of patients with epilepsy and coincides with brain inflammation, and both phenomena contribute to seizure generation in animal models. We investigated whether expression of OS and brain inflammation markers co-occurred also in resected brain tissue of patients with epileptogenic cortical malformations: hemimegalencephaly (HME), focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) and cortical tubers in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Moreover, we studied molecular mechanisms linking OS and inflammation in an in vitro model of neuronal function. Untangling interdependency and underlying molecular mechanisms might pose new therapeutic strategies for treating patients with drug-resistant epilepsy of different etiologies. Immunohistochemistry was performed for specific OS markers xCT and iNOS and brain inflammation markers TLR4, COX-2 and NF-κB in cortical tissue derived from patients with HME, FCD IIa, IIb and TSC. Additionally, we studied gene expression of these markers using the human neuronal cell line SH-SY5Y in which OS was induced using H2 O2 . OS markers were higher in dysmorphic neurons and balloon/giant cells in cortex of patients with FCD IIb or TSC. Expression of OS markers was positively correlated to expression of brain inflammation markers. In vitro, 100 µM, but not 50 µM, of H2 O2 increased expression of TLR4, IL-1β and COX-2. We found that NF-κB signaling was activated only upon stimulation with 100 µM H2 O2 leading to upregulation of TLR4 signaling and IL-1β. The NF-κB inhibitor TPCA-1 completely reversed this effect. Our results show that OS positively correlates with neuroinflammation and is particularly evident in brain tissue of patients with FCD IIb and TSC. In vitro, NF-κB is involved in the switch to an inflammatory state after OS. We propose that the extent of OS can predict the neuroinflammatory state of the brain. Additionally, antioxidant treatments may prevent the switch to inflammation in neurons thus targeting multiple epileptogenic processes at once.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Arena
- Department of (Neuro-)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Till S Zimmer
- Department of (Neuro-)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jackelien van Scheppingen
- Department of (Neuro-)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anatoly Korotkov
- Department of (Neuro-)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper J Anink
- Department of (Neuro-)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Angelika Mühlebner
- Department of (Neuro-)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Floor E Jansen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wim van Hecke
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wim G Spliet
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter C van Rijen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rudolf Magnus Institute for Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Annamaria Vezzani
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Johannes C Baayen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Idema
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anand M Iyer
- Department of (Neuro-)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - James D Mills
- Department of (Neuro-)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erwin A van Vliet
- Department of (Neuro-)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro-)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), the Netherlands
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