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Pham D, Silberger DJ, Nguyen KN, Gao M, Weaver CT, Hatton RD. Batf stabilizes Th17 cell development via impaired Stat5 recruitment of Ets1-Runx1 complexes. EMBO J 2023; 42:e109803. [PMID: 36917143 PMCID: PMC10106990 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021109803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the activator protein-1 (AP-1) factor Batf is required for Th17 cell development, its mechanisms of action to underpin the Th17 program are incompletely understood. Here, we find that Batf ensures Th17 cell identity in part by restricting alternative gene programs through its actions to restrain IL-2 expression and IL-2-induced Stat5 activation. This, in turn, limits Stat5-dependent recruitment of Ets1-Runx1 factors to Th1- and Treg-cell-specific gene loci. Thus, in addition to pioneering regulatory elements in Th17-specific loci, Batf acts indirectly to inhibit the assembly of a Stat5-Ets1-Runx1 complex that enhances the transcription of Th1- and Treg-cell-specific genes. These findings unveil an important role for Stat5-Ets1-Runx1 interactions in transcriptional networks that define alternate T cell fates and indicate that Batf plays an indispensable role in both inducing and maintaining the Th17 program through its actions to regulate the competing actions of Stat5-assembled enhanceosomes that promote Th1- and Treg-cell developmental programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy Pham
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Daniel J Silberger
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Kim N Nguyen
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Min Gao
- Informatics InstituteUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Casey T Weaver
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Robin D Hatton
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
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2
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Fukuda I, Nakamura H. Non-Ewald methods for evaluating the electrostatic interactions of charge systems: similarity and difference. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:1315-1340. [PMID: 36659982 PMCID: PMC9842848 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-01029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In molecular simulations, it is essential to properly calculate the electrostatic interactions of particles in the physical system of interest. Here we consider a method called the non-Ewald method, which does not rely on the standard Ewald method with periodic boundary conditions, but instead relies on the cutoff-based techniques. We focus on the physicochemical and mathematical conceptual aspects of the method in order to gain a deeper understanding of the simulation methodology. In particular, we take into account the reaction field (RF) method, the isotropic periodic sum (IPS) method, and the zero-multipole summation method (ZMM). These cutoff-based methods are based on different physical ideas and are completely distinguishable in their underlying concepts. The RF and IPS methods are "additive" methods that incorporate information outside the cutoff region, via dielectric medium and isotropic boundary condition, respectively. In contrast, the ZMM is a "subtraction" method that tries to remove the artificial effects, generated near the boundary, from the cutoff sphere. Nonetheless, we find physical and/or mathematical similarities between these methods. In particular, the modified RF method can be derived by the principle of neutralization utilized in the ZMM, and we also found a direct relationship between IPS and ZMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Fukuda
- Graduate School of Information Science, University of Hyogo, 7-1-28 Minatojima, Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047 Japan
| | - Haruki Nakamura
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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3
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Fullstone G, Bauer TL, Guttà C, Salvucci M, Prehn JHM, Rehm M. The apoptosome molecular timer synergises with XIAP to suppress apoptosis execution and contributes to prognosticating survival in colorectal cancer. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:2828-2842. [PMID: 32341447 PMCID: PMC7493894 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0545-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The execution phase of apoptosis is a critical process in programmed cell death in response to a multitude of cellular stresses. A crucial component of this pathway is the apoptosome, a platform for the activation of pro-caspase 9 (PC9). Recent findings have shown that autocleavage of PC9 to Caspase 9 (C9) p35/p12 not only permits XIAP-mediated C9 inhibition but also temporally shuts down apoptosome activity, forming a molecular timer. In order to delineate the combined contributions of XIAP and the apoptosome molecular timer to apoptosis execution we utilised a systems modelling approach. We demonstrate that cooperative recruitment of PC9 to the apoptosome, based on existing PC9-apoptosome interaction data, is important for efficient formation of PC9 homodimers, autocatalytic cleavage and dual regulation by XIAP and the molecular timer across biologically relevant PC9 and APAF1 concentrations. Screening physiologically relevant concentration ranges of apoptotic proteins, we discovered that the molecular timer can prevent apoptosis execution in specific scenarios after complete or partial mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation (MOMP). Furthermore, its ability to prevent apoptosis is intricately tied to a synergistic combination with XIAP. Finally, we demonstrate that simulations of these processes are prognostic of survival in stage III colorectal cancer and that the molecular timer may promote apoptosis resistance in a subset of patients. Based on our findings, we postulate that the physiological function of the molecular timer is to aid XIAP in the shutdown of caspase-mediated apoptosis execution. This shutdown potentially facilitates switching to pro-inflammatory caspase-independent responses subsequent to Bax/Bak pore formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Fullstone
- Institute for Cell Biology and Immunology, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.,Stuttgart Research Centre Systems Biology, Nobelstraße 15, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tabea L Bauer
- Institute for Cell Biology and Immunology, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Cristiano Guttà
- Institute for Cell Biology and Immunology, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.,SimTech Cluster of Excellence, Pfaffenwaldring 5a, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Manuela Salvucci
- SimTech Cluster of Excellence, Pfaffenwaldring 5a, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- SimTech Cluster of Excellence, Pfaffenwaldring 5a, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Markus Rehm
- Institute for Cell Biology and Immunology, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany. .,Stuttgart Research Centre Systems Biology, Nobelstraße 15, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany. .,SimTech Cluster of Excellence, Pfaffenwaldring 5a, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany. .,Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland. .,Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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4
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Assad N, Tillo D, Ray S, Dzienny A, FitzGerald PC, Vinson C. GABPα and CREB1 Binding to Double Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Their Consensus Motifs and Cooperative Binding to the Composite ETS ⇔ CRE Motif ( ACCGGAAGTGACGTCA). ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:9904-9910. [PMID: 34151054 PMCID: PMC8208074 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Previously, cooperative binding of the bZIP domain of CREB1 and the ETS domain of GABPα was observed for the composite DNA ETS ⇔ CRE motif (A 0 C 1 C 2 G 3 G 4 A 5 A 6 G 7 T 8 G 9 A 10 C 11 G 12 T 13 C 14 A 15 ). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the beginning and end of the ETS motif (ACCGGAAGT) increased cooperative binding. Here, we use an Agilent microarray of 60-mers containing all double nucleotide polymorphisms (DNPs) of the ETS ⇔ CRE motif to explore GABPα and CREB1 binding to their individual motifs and their cooperative binding. For GABPα, all DNPs were bound as if each SNP acted independently. In contrast, CREB1 binding to some DNPs was stronger or weaker than expected, depending on the locations of each SNP. CREB1 binding to DNPs where both SNPs were in the same half site, T 8 G 9 A 10 or T 13 C 14 A 15 , was greater than expected, indicating that an additional SNP cannot destroy binding as much as expected, suggesting that an individual SNP is enough to abolish sequence-specific DNA binding of a single bZIP monomer. If a DNP contains SNPs in each half site, binding is weaker than expected. Similar results were observed for additional ETS and bZIP family members. Cooperative binding between GABPα and CREB1 to the ETS ⇔ CRE motif was weaker than expected except for DNPs containing A 7 and SNPs at the beginning of the ETS motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Assad
- Laboratory
of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Desiree Tillo
- Laboratory
of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Sreejana Ray
- Laboratory
of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Alexa Dzienny
- Laboratory
of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Peter C. FitzGerald
- Genome
Analysis Unit, Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 37, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Charles Vinson
- Laboratory
of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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5
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Kasahara K, Terazawa H, Takahashi T, Higo J. Studies on Molecular Dynamics of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins and Their Fuzzy Complexes: A Mini-Review. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:712-720. [PMID: 31303975 PMCID: PMC6603302 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular dynamics (MD) method is a promising approach toward elucidating the molecular mechanisms of intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) of proteins and their fuzzy complexes. This mini-review introduces recent studies that apply MD simulations to investigate the molecular recognition of IDRs. Firstly, methodological issues by which MD simulations treat IDRs, such as developing force fields, treating periodic boundary conditions, and enhanced sampling approaches, are discussed. Then, several examples of the applications of MD to investigate molecular interactions of IDRs in terms of the two kinds of complex formations; coupled-folding and binding and fuzzy complex. MD simulations provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of these binding processes by sampling conformational ensembles of flexible IDRs. In particular, we focused on all-atom explicit-solvent MD simulations except for studies of higher-order assembly of IDRs. Recent advances in MD methods, and computational power make it possible to dissect the molecular details of realistic molecular systems involving the dynamic behavior of IDRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Kasahara
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Hiroki Terazawa
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Takuya Takahashi
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Junichi Higo
- Graduate School of Simulation Studies, University of Hyogo, 7-1-28 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
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6
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RUNX family: Oncogenes or tumor suppressors (Review). Oncol Rep 2019; 42:3-19. [PMID: 31059069 PMCID: PMC6549079 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor (RUNX) proteins belong to a transcription factors family known as master regulators of important embryonic developmental programs. In the last decade, the whole family has been implicated in the regulation of different oncogenic processes and signaling pathways associated with cancer. Furthermore, a suppressor tumor function has been also reported, suggesting the RUNX family serves key role in all different types of cancer. In this review, the known biological characteristics, specific regulatory abilities and experimental evidence of RUNX proteins will be analyzed to demonstrate their oncogenic potential and tumor suppressor abilities during oncogenic processes, suggesting their importance as biomarkers of cancer. Additionally, the importance of continuing with the molecular studies of RUNX proteins' and its dual functions in cancer will be underlined in order to apply it in the future development of specific diagnostic methods and therapies against different types of cancer.
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7
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Perez-Borrajero C, Lin CSH, Okon M, Scheu K, Graves BJ, Murphy ME, McIntosh LP. The Biophysical Basis for Phosphorylation-Enhanced DNA-Binding Autoinhibition of the ETS1 Transcription Factor. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:593-614. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Kasahara K, Shiina M, Higo J, Ogata K, Nakamura H. Phosphorylation of an intrinsically disordered region of Ets1 shifts a multi-modal interaction ensemble to an auto-inhibitory state. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 46:2243-2251. [PMID: 29309620 PMCID: PMC5861456 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx1297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-modal interactions are frequently observed in intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) of proteins upon binding to their partners. In many cases, post-translational modifications in IDRs are accompanied by coupled folding and binding. From both molecular simulations and biochemical experiments with mutational studies, we show that the IDR including a Ser rich region (SRR) of the transcription factor Ets1, just before the DNA-binding core domain, undergoes multi-modal interactions when the SRR is not phosphorylated. In the phosphorylated state, the SRR forms a few specific complex structures with the Ets1 core, covering the recognition helix in the core and drastically reducing the DNA binding affinities as the auto-inhibitory state. The binding kinetics of mutated Ets1 indicates that aromatic residues in the SRR can be substituted with other hydrophobic residues for the interactions with the Ets1 core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Kasahara
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Noji-higashi 1-1-1, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Masaaki Shiina
- Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Fuku-ura 3–9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Junichi Higo
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 3-2, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ogata
- Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Fuku-ura 3–9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Haruki Nakamura
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 3-2, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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9
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Kasahara K, Sakuraba S, Fukuda I. Enhanced Sampling of Molecular Dynamics Simulations of a Polyalanine Octapeptide: Effects of the Periodic Boundary Conditions on Peptide Conformation. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:2495-2503. [PMID: 29439570 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b10830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the problem of artifacts caused by the periodic boundary conditions (PBC) used in molecular simulation studies. Despite the long history of simulations with PBCs, the existence of measurable artifacts originating from PBCs applied to inherently nonperiodic physical systems remains controversial. Specifically, these artifacts appear as differences between simulations of the same system but with different simulation-cell sizes. Earlier studies have implied that, even in the simple case of a small model peptide in water, sampling inefficiency is a major obstacle to understanding these artifacts. In this study, we have resolved the sampling issue using the replica exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) enhanced-sampling method to explore PBC artifacts. Explicitly solvated zwitterionic polyalanine octapeptides with three different cubic-cells, having dimensions of L = 30, 40, and 50 Å, were investigated to elucidate the differences with 64 replica × 500 ns REMD simulations using the AMBER parm99SB force field. The differences among them were not large overall, and the results for the L = 30 and 40 Å simulations in the conformational free energy landscape were found to be very similar at room temperature. However, a small but statistically significant difference was seen for L = 50 Å. We observed that extended conformations were slightly overstabilized in the smaller systems. The origin of these artifacts is discussed by comparison to an electrostatic calculation method without PBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Kasahara
- College of Life Sciences , Ritsumeikan University , 1-1-1 Noji-higashi , Kusatsu , Shiga 525-8577 , Japan
| | - Shun Sakuraba
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8561 , Japan
| | - Ikuo Fukuda
- Institute for Protein Research , Osaka University , 3-2 Yamada-oka , Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
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