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Cui J, Wang TJ, Zhang YX, She LZ, Zhao YC. Molecular biological mechanisms of radiotherapy-induced skin injury occurrence and treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 180:117470. [PMID: 39321513 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy-Induced Skin Injury (RISI) is radiation damage to normal skin tissue that primarily occurs during tumor Radiotherapy and occupational exposure. The risk of RISI is high due to the fact that the skin is not only the first body organ that ionizing radiation comes into contact with, but it is also highly sensitive to it, especially the basal cell layer and capillaries. Typical clinical manifestations of RISI include erythema, dry desquamation, moist desquamation, and ulcers, which have been established to significantly impact patient care and cancer treatment. Notably, our current understanding of RISI's pathological mechanisms and signaling pathways is inadequate, and no standard treatments have been established. Radiation-induced oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, fibrosis, apoptosis, and cellular senescence are among the known mechanisms that interact and promote disease progression. Additionally, radiation can damage all cellular components and induce genetic and epigenetic changes, which play a crucial role in the occurrence and progression of skin injury. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms and pathways is crucial for exploring the potential therapeutic targets for RISI. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the key mechanisms and potential treatment methods for RISI, offering a reference for future research and development of treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cui
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.
| | - Tie-Jun Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.
| | - Yu-Xuan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.
| | - Li-Zhen She
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.
| | - Yue-Chen Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.
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2
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Hatamzade Esfahani N, Day AS. The Role of TGF-β, Activin and Follistatin in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2023; 5:167-186. [DOI: 10.3390/gidisord5020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an immune-mediated inflammatory condition predominantly affecting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. An increasing prevalence of IBD has been observed globally. The pathogenesis of IBD includes a complex interplay between the intestinal microbiome, diet, genetic factors and immune responses. The consequent imbalance of inflammatory mediators ultimately leads to intestinal mucosal damage and defective repair. Growth factors, given their specific roles in maintaining the homeostasis and integrity of the intestinal epithelium, are of particular interest in the setting of IBD. Furthermore, direct targeting of growth factor signalling pathways involved in the regeneration of the damaged epithelium and the regulation of inflammation could be considered as therapeutic options for individuals with IBD. Several members of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily, particularly TGF-β, activin and follistatin, are key candidates as they exhibit various roles in inflammatory processes and contribute to maintenance and homeostasis in the GI tract. This article aimed firstly to review the events involved in the pathogenesis of IBD with particular emphasis on TGF-β, activin and follistatin and secondly to outline the potential role of therapeutic manipulation of these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew S. Day
- Paediatric Department, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
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3
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Ganjoo S, Puebla-Osorio N, Nanez S, Hsu E, Voss T, Barsoumian H, Duong LK, Welsh JW, Cortez MA. Bone morphogenetic proteins, activins, and growth and differentiation factors in tumor immunology and immunotherapy resistance. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1033642. [PMID: 36353620 PMCID: PMC9638036 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1033642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The TGF-β superfamily is a group of secreted polypeptides with key roles in exerting and regulating a variety of physiologic effects, especially those related to cell signaling, growth, development, and differentiation. Although its central member, TGF-β, has been extensively reviewed, other members of the family-namely bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), activins, and growth and differentiation factors (GDFs)-have not been as thoroughly investigated. Moreover, although the specific roles of TGF-β signaling in cancer immunology and immunotherapy resistance have been extensively reported, little is known of the roles of BMPs, activins, and GDFs in these domains. This review focuses on how these superfamily members influence key immune cells in cancer progression and resistance to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria Angelica Cortez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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4
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Song WS, Lee JS, Lim JW, Kim J, Jo SH, Kwon JE, Park JH, Choi SH, Jang D, Kim IW, Jeong JH, Kim YG. Multiomics characterization of dose- and time-dependent effects of ionizing radiation on human skin keratinocytes. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-022-1095-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Fei ZY, Wang J, Liang J, Zhou X, Guo M. Analysis of bacterial spectrum, activin A, and CD64 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients complicated with pulmonary infections. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:2382-2392. [PMID: 35434072 PMCID: PMC8968607 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i8.2382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary infections often lead to poor prognoses in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Activin A and CD64 play crucial pathological roles in the development of COPD.
AIM To explore the bacterial spectrum via analysis of activing A levels, CD64 index, and related mechanisms in COPD patients complicated with pulmonary infection.
METHODS Between March 2015 and January 2018, a total of 85 patients with COPD, who also suffered from pulmonary infections, were enrolled in this study as the pulmonary infection group. In addition, a total of 96 COPD patients, without pulmonary infection, were selected as the control group. Sputum samples of patients in the pulmonary infection group were cultivated for bacterial identification prior to administration of antibiotics. The neutrophil CD64 index was measured using flow cytometry, serum activin A levels were detected via an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and activin A, Smad3, TLR4, MyD88, and NFκB protein expression was analyzed by Western blotting.
RESULTS Gram-negative bacteria were identified in 57.65% of the sputum samples in the pulmonary infection group. The most prevalent Gram-negative species were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Conversely, Gram-positive bacteria were identified in 41.18% of the sputum samples in the pulmonary infection group. The most common Gram-positive species was Streptococcus pneumoniae. Fungi were identified in 1.17% of the sputum samples in the pulmonary infection group. The CD64 index was significantly higher in the pulmonary infection group (0.91 ± 0.38) than in the control group (0.23 ± 0.14, P < 0.001). The serum activin A levels were significantly higher in the pulmonary infection group (43.50 ± 5.22 ng/mL), compared to the control group (34.82 ± 4.16 ng/mL, P < 0.001). The relative expression levels of activin A, Smad3, TLR4, MyD88, and NFκB were all significantly higher in the pulmonary infection group, compared to the control group (all P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION Pulmonary infections in COPD patients are mainly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Pulmonary infections can significantly increase neutrophil CD64 index and serum levels of activin A, thereby activating the activin A/Smad3 signaling pathway, which may positively regulate the TLR4/MyD88/NFκB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Yang Fei
- Experimental Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- Experimental Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Jie Liang
- Experimental Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Experimental Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Min Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lianyungang Second People's Hospital, Lianyungang 222006, Jiangsu Province, China
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6
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Lumniczky K, Impens N, Armengol G, Candéias S, Georgakilas AG, Hornhardt S, Martin OA, Rödel F, Schaue D. Low dose ionizing radiation effects on the immune system. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 149:106212. [PMID: 33293042 PMCID: PMC8784945 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation interacts with the immune system in many ways with a multiplicity that mirrors the complexity of the immune system itself: namely the need to maintain a delicate balance between different compartments, cells and soluble factors that work collectively to protect, maintain, and restore tissue function in the face of severe challenges including radiation damage. The cytotoxic effects of high dose radiation are less relevant after low dose exposure, where subtle quantitative and functional effects predominate that may go unnoticed until late after exposure or after a second challenge reveals or exacerbates the effects. For example, low doses may permanently alter immune fitness and therefore accelerate immune senescence and pave the way for a wide spectrum of possible pathophysiological events, including early-onset of age-related degenerative disorders and cancer. By contrast, the so called low dose radiation therapy displays beneficial, anti-inflammatory and pain relieving properties in chronic inflammatory and degenerative diseases. In this review, epidemiological, clinical and experimental data regarding the effects of low-dose radiation on the homeostasis and functional integrity of immune cells will be discussed, as will be the role of immune-mediated mechanisms in the systemic manifestation of localized exposures such as inflammatory reactions. The central conclusion is that ionizing radiation fundamentally and durably reshapes the immune system. Further, the importance of discovery of immunological pathways for modifying radiation resilience amongst other research directions in this field is implied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Lumniczky
- National Public Health Centre, Department of Radiation Medicine, Budapest, Albert Florian u. 2-6, 1097, Hungary.
| | - Nathalie Impens
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Biosciences Expert Group, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
| | - Gemma Armengol
- Unit of Biological Anthropology, Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Serge Candéias
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-LCBM, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Zografou 15780, Athens, Greece.
| | - Sabine Hornhardt
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS), Ingolstaedter Landstr.1, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany.
| | - Olga A Martin
- Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Franz Rödel
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Dörthe Schaue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095-1714, USA.
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7
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review highlights recent discoveries and advances that have been made in understanding the role of the TGFβ superfamily members activins, and in particular, activin A (ActA), in renal disease. RECENT FINDINGS A deleterious role for ActA in renal disease and its complications has begun to emerge. We summarize data supporting an important contribution of ActA to kidney fibrosis and inflammation of varying causes, as well as its role in the development of a particular bone mineral disorder seen in chronic kidney disease (CKD) called mineral bone disorder (MBD), including vascular calcification. Finally, we discuss ActA in the context of anemia associated with chronic kidney disease and review potential approaches to treatment based on ActA blockade. SUMMARY ActA is an important contributor to the pathogenesis of acute and chronic kidney disease of varying causes. Preclinical studies show that ActA inhibition, through various approaches, is protective in rodent models of kidney disease. The potential adverse effects of some of these approaches can be attributed to their targeting of other TGFβ family ligands. Further preclinical and clinical investigations testing the therapeutic efficacy of more selective ActA inhibition on the progression of acute and chronic kidney disease and its impact on bone-mineral disorder would more definitively establish its role in renal disease.
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Wound Repair, Scar Formation, and Cancer: Converging on Activin. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:1107-1117. [PMID: 32878730 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Wound repair is a highly regulated process that requires the interaction of various cell types. It has been shown that cancers use the mechanisms of wound healing to promote their own growth. Therefore, it is of importance to identify common regulators of wound repair and tumor formation and to unravel their functions and mechanisms of action. An exciting example is activin, which acts on multiple cell types in wounds and tumors, thereby promoting healing, but also scar formation and tumorigenesis. Here, we summarize current knowledge on the role of activin in these processes and highlight the therapeutic potential of activin or activin antagonists for the treatment of impaired healing or excessive scarring and cancer, respectively.
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Ries A, Schelch K, Falch D, Pany L, Hoda MA, Grusch M. Activin A: an emerging target for improving cancer treatment? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:985-996. [PMID: 32700590 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1799350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Activin A is involved in the regulation of a surprisingly broad number of processes that are relevant for cancer development and treatment; it is implicated in cell autonomous functions and multiple regulatory functions in the tumor microenvironment. AREAS COVERED This article summarizes the current knowledge about activin A in cell growth and death, migration and metastasis, angiogenesis, stemness and drug resistance, regulation of antitumor immunity, and cancer cachexia. We explore the role of activin A as a biomarker and discuss strategies for using it as target for cancer therapy. Literature retrieved from Medline until 25 June 2020 was considered. EXPERT OPINION While many functions of activin A were investigated in preclinical models, there is currently limited experience from clinical trials. Activin A has growth- and migration-promoting effects, contributes to immune evasion and cachexia and is associated with shorter survival in several cancer types. Targeting activin A could offer the chance to simultaneously limit tumor growth and spreading, improve drug response, boost antitumor immune responses and improve cancer-associated or treatment-associated cachexia, bone loss, and anemia. Nevertheless, defining which patients have the highest likelihood of benefiting from these effects is challenging and will require further work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ries
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Schelch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna, Austria
| | - David Falch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Pany
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna, Austria
| | - Mir Alireza Hoda
- Translational Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Grusch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna, Austria
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10
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Cao J, Zhu W, Yu D, Pan L, Zhong L, Xiao Y, Gao Y, Jiao Y, Zhang Q, Ji J, Yang H, Zhang S, Cao J. The Involvement of SDF-1α/CXCR4 Axis in Radiation-Induced Acute Injury and Fibrosis of Skin. Radiat Res 2019; 192:410-421. [PMID: 31390312 DOI: 10.1667/rr15384.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced acute skin injury and consequent fibrosis are common complications of cancer radiotherapy and radiation accidents. Stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) and its receptor, CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) have been shown to be involved in multiple cellular events. However, the role of SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis in radiation-induced acute injury and fibrosis of skin has not been reported. In this study, we found that the expression of SDF-1α and CXCR4 was significantly increased in irradiated skin tissues of humans, monkeys and rats, compared to their nonirradiated counterparts. Mice with keratinocyte-specific ablation of CXCR4 showed less severe skin damage than wild-type mice after receiving a 35 Gy dose of radiation. Consistently, subcutaneous injection of AMD3100, an FDA approved SDF-1α/CXCR4 inhibitor, attenuated skin injury and fibrosis induced by exposure to radiation in a rat model. Mechanically, the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis promotes pro-fibrotic TGF-b/Smad signaling through the PI3K-MAPK signaling cascade in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells and skin fibroblast WS1 cells. AMD3100 inhibited Smad2 nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of Smad2/3 induced by radiation, which suppressed the pro-fibrotic TGF-b/Smad signaling pathway activated by exposure. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the involvement of SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis in radiation-induced acute injury and fibrosis of skin, and indicate that AMD3100 would be an effective countermeasure against these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Cao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Daojiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Departments of Plastic Surgery
| | - Lu Pan
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Li Zhong
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yuji Xiao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yiying Gao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiang Ji
- Departments of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Hongying Yang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213100, China.,Department of Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital), Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Jianping Cao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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11
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Kim MM, Schlussel L, Zhao L, Himburg HA. Dickkopf-1 Treatment Stimulates Hematopoietic Regenerative Function in Infused Endothelial Progenitor Cells. Radiat Res 2019; 192:53-62. [PMID: 31081743 DOI: 10.1667/rr15361.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Acute high-dose radiation injury damages the bone marrow hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell compartment. This damage compromises the functional ability of the bone marrow to produce mature blood cells and results in an increased risk of death due to hematopoietic complications. Past work has shown that the bone marrow endothelium provides critical cues, which promote hematopoietic stem cell regeneration after injury. Additionally, transfusion of endothelial cells after radiation injury has been shown to promote recovery of both the bone marrow vasculature and hematopoietic systems. In this work, we examined the regenerative capacity of intravenous infusion of umbilical cord-blood derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) since this is a cell source which is easy to obtain, expand and cryopreserve. We show that pre-treatment with the Wnt-antagonist Dickkopf1 (Dkk1) augments EPC regenerative function in an allogeneic mouse transplant model. Here, hematopoietic recovery was assessed in Balb/c mice after 5 Gy total-body irradiation and transplantation with C57/BL6-derived EPCs either with or without Dkk1 pre-treatment. The Dkk1-treated EPC group had significantly faster recovery of peripheral white blood cells, total bone marrow cellularity, bone marrow progenitors and BM endothelial cells compared to EPC treatment alone or saline controls. Importantly, after an LD50/30 dose of 8 Gy in the Balb/c mouse, Dkk1-treated EPCs were able to rescue 100% of irradiated mice versus 80% in the EPC control group and only 33% in the saline-treated group. To understand how Dkk1 induces regenerative function in the EPCs, we screened for pro-regenerative factors secreted by the EPC in response to Dkk1. Dkk1-treated EPCs were observed to secrete high levels of the anti-fibrotic protein follistatin as well as several proteins known to promote regeneration including EGF, VEGF and G-CSF. This work demonstrates the potential for Dkk1-treated EPCs as a rescue therapeutic for victims of acute radiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindy M Kim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lauren Schlussel
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Liman Zhao
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Heather A Himburg
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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12
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Reactive Oxygen Species Drive Epigenetic Changes in Radiation-Induced Fibrosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4278658. [PMID: 30881591 PMCID: PMC6381575 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4278658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF) develops months to years after initial radiation exposure. RIF occurs when normal fibroblasts differentiate into myofibroblasts and lay down aberrant amounts of extracellular matrix proteins. One of the main drivers for developing RIF is reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated immediately after radiation exposure. Generation of ROS is known to induce epigenetic changes and cause differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. Several antioxidant compounds have been shown to prevent radiation-induced epigenetic changes and the development of RIF. Therefore, reviewing the ROS-linked epigenetic changes in irradiated fibroblast cells is essential to understand the development and prevention of RIF.
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13
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Casey TM, Walker JF, Bhide K, Thimmapuram J, Schoonmaker JP. Global transcriptional differences in myokine and inflammatory genes in muscle of mature steer progeny are related to maternal lactation diet and muscle composition. Physiol Genomics 2018; 50:884-892. [PMID: 30074426 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00060.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Steer progeny suckled by cows fed a dried distillers grains and solubles (DDGS) diet the first 3 mo of lactation were heavier during feedlot finishing and had significantly lower marbling and larger longissimus muscles than steers suckled by cows fed a control diet (CON). These differences were profound in that progeny were managed and fed identically from weaning until finishing, and findings suggest that the suckling period established the developmental program of muscle composition. Here transcriptomes of longissimus muscle were measured by next-generation sequencing to investigate whether there were any developmental clues to the differences in marbling scores and muscle content between steers suckled by DDGS ( n = 5) vs. control (CON; n = 5) diet-fed cows during lactation. There were 809 genes differentially expressed ( P-adj<0.1) between CON and DDGS muscle. Of these 636 were upregulated and 173 downregulated in DDGS relative to CON. Overall the DDGS vs. CON muscle transcriptomic signature was promyogenic and antiadipogenic. In particular, myokines/satellite cell maintenance factors were found among upregulated (LIF, CNTF, FGFB1, EPHB1) genes. The antiadipogenic signature was typified by the upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines and receptors (IL1RAP, IL1RL2, IL13RA2, IL1F10), and downregulation of expression of inflammation/inflammatory cytokines and receptor (TNF, IL6R, CXCL9), which suggests a selection of differentiation pathways away from adipogenic line. The upregulation of TGFB, SPP1, and INHBA supports selection of fibroblast lineage of cells. Thus, the lactation phase of production can effect meat quality by affecting transcriptional signatures that favor myogenesis and depress inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. M. Casey
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - J. F. Walker
- Bioinformatics Core, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - K. Bhide
- Bioinformatics Core, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - J. Thimmapuram
- Bioinformatics Core, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - J. P. Schoonmaker
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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14
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Maresch CC, Stute DC, Alves MG, Oliveira PF, de Kretser DM, Linn T. Diabetes-induced hyperglycemia impairs male reproductive function: a systematic review. Hum Reprod Update 2017; 24:86-105. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmx033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Constanze C Maresch
- Clinical Research Unit, Centre of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dina C Stute
- Clinical Research Unit, Centre of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Marco G Alves
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro F Oliveira
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - David M de Kretser
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Thomas Linn
- Clinical Research Unit, Centre of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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