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Salimi M, Javidnia J, Faeli L, Moslemi A, Hedayati M, Haghani I, Aghili S, Moazeni M, Badiee P, Roudbari M, Zarrinfar H, Mohammadi R, Lotfali E, Nouripour‐Sisakht S, Seyedmousavi S, Shokohi T, Abastabar M. Molecular Epidemiology and Antifungal Susceptibility Profile in Nakaseomyces glabrata Species Complex: A 5-Year Countrywide Study. J Clin Lab Anal 2024; 38:e25042. [PMID: 38775102 PMCID: PMC11137845 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.25042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study aimed to identify Iranian Nakaseomyces (Candida) glabrata complex species in the clinical isolates and determine their antifungal susceptibility profile. METHODS In total, 320 N. glabrata clinical isolates were collected from patients hospitalized in different geographical regions of Iran. The initial screening was performed by morphological characteristics on CHROMagar Candida. Each isolate was identified by targeting the D1/D2 rDNA using a multiplex-PCR method. To validate the mPCR method and determine genetic diversity, the ITS-rDNA region was randomly sequenced in 40 isolates. Additionally, antifungal susceptibility was evaluated against nine antifungal agents following the CLSI M27-A4 guidelines. RESULTS All clinical isolates from Iran were identified as N. glabrata. The analysis of ITS-rDNA sequence data revealed the presence of eight distinct ITS clades and 10 haplotypes among the 40 isolates of N. glabrata. The predominant clades identified were Clades VII, V, and IV, which respectively accounted for 22.5%, 17.5%, and 17.5% isolates. The widest MIC ranges were observed for voriconazole (0.016-8 μg/mL) and isavuconazole (0.016-2 μg/mL), whereas the narrowest ranges were seen with itraconazole and amphotericin B (0.25-2 μg/mL). CONCLUSION Haplotype diversity can be a valuable approach for studying the genetic diversity, transmission patterns, and epidemiology of the N. glabrata complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Salimi
- Student Research Committee, School of MedicineMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases InstituteMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Javad Javidnia
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases InstituteMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of MedicineMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Leila Faeli
- Student Research Committee, School of MedicineMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases InstituteMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Azam Moslemi
- Student Research Committee, School of MedicineMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases InstituteMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Hedayati
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases InstituteMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of MedicineMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Iman Haghani
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases InstituteMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of MedicineMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Seyed Reza Aghili
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases InstituteMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of MedicineMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Maryam Moazeni
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases InstituteMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of MedicineMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Parisa Badiee
- Clinical Microbiology Research CenterShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Maryam Roudbari
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of MedicineIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Hossein Zarrinfar
- Allergy Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Rasoul Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Ensieh Lotfali
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Seyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi
- Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical CenterNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Tahereh Shokohi
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases InstituteMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of MedicineMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Mahdi Abastabar
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases InstituteMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of MedicineMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
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Asadzadeh M, Ahmad S, Al-Sweih N, Khan Z. Molecular fingerprinting by multi-locus sequence typing identifies microevolution and nosocomial transmission of Candida glabrata in Kuwait. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1242622. [PMID: 37744513 PMCID: PMC10515652 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1242622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Candida glabrata is a frequently isolated non-albicans Candida species and invasive C. glabrata infections in older patients are associated with high mortality rates. Opportunistic Candida infections in critically ill patients may be either endogenous or nosocomial in origin and this distinction is critical for effective intervention strategies. This study performed multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) to study genotypic relatedness among clinical C. glabrata isolates in Kuwait. Methods Candida glabrata isolates (n = 91) cultured from 91 patients were analyzed by MLST. Repeat isolates (n = 16) from 9 patients were also used. Antifungal susceptibility testing for fluconazole, voriconazole, caspofungin and amphotericin B (AMB) was determined by Etest. Genetic relatedness was determined by constructing phylogenetic tree and minimum spanning tree by using BioNumerics software. Results Resistance to fluconazole, voriconazole and AMB was detected in 7, 2 and 10 C. glabrata isolates, respectively. MLST identified 28 sequence types (STs), including 12 new STs. ST46 (n = 33), ST3 (n = 8), ST7 (n = 6) and ST55 (n = 6) were prevalent in ≥4 hospitals. Repeat isolates obtained from same or different site yielded identical ST. No association of ST46 with source of isolation or resistance to antifungals was apparent. Microevolution and cross-transmission of infection was indicated in two hospitals that yielded majority (57 of 91, 67%) of C. glabrata. Conclusion Our data suggest that C. glabrata undergoes microevolution in hospital environment and can be nosocomially transmitted to other susceptible patients. Thus, proper infection control practices during routine procedures on C. glabrata-infected patients may prevent transmission of this pathogen to other hospitalized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suhail Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
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Similarities and Differences among Species Closely Related to Candida albicans: C. tropicalis, C. dubliniensis, and C. auris. Cell Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/2599136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Although Candida species are widespread commensals of the microflora of healthy individuals, they are also among the most important human fungal pathogens that under certain conditions can cause diseases (candidiases) of varying severity ranging from mild superficial infections of the mucous membranes to life-threatening systemic infections. So far, the vast majority of research aimed at understanding the molecular basis of pathogenesis has been focused on the most common species—Candida albicans. Meanwhile, other closely related species belonging to the CTG clade, namely, Candida tropicalis and Candida dubliniensis, are becoming more important in clinical practice, as well as a relatively newly identified species, Candida auris. Despite the close relationship of these microorganisms, it seems that in the course of evolution, they have developed distinct biochemical, metabolic, and physiological adaptations, which they use to fit to commensal niches and achieve full virulence. Therefore, in this review, we describe the current knowledge on C. tropicalis, C. dubliniensis, and C. auris virulence factors, the formation of a mixed species biofilm and mutual communication, the environmental stress response and related changes in fungal cell metabolism, and the effect of pathogens on host defense response and susceptibility to antifungal agents used, highlighting differences with respect to C. albicans. Special attention is paid to common diagnostic problems resulting from similarities between these species and the emergence of drug resistance mechanisms. Understanding the different strategies to achieve virulence, used by important opportunistic pathogens of the genus Candida, is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment.
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Teixeira MM, Almeida-Paes R, Bernardes-Engemann AR, Nicola AM, de Macedo PM, Valle ACF, Gutierrez-Galhardo MC, Freitas DFS, Barker BM, Matute DR, Stajich JE, Zancopé-Oliveira RM. Single nucleotide polymorphisms and chromosomal copy number variation may impact the Sporothrix brasiliensis antifungal susceptibility and sporotrichosis clinical outcomes. Fungal Genet Biol 2022; 163:103743. [PMID: 36152775 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2022.103743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Feline-transmitted sporotrichosis has garnered attention due to the recent high incidence and the lack of efficient control in the epicenter of the epidemic, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Sporothrix brasiliensis is the major pathogen involved in feline-to-human sporotrichosis in Brazil and displays more virulent genotypes than the closely related species S. schenckii. Over the last two decades, several reports of antifungal-resistant strains have emerged. Sequencing and comparison analysis of the outbreak strains allowed us to observe that the azole non-wild-type S. brasiliensis strain CFP 1054 had significant chromosomal variations compared to wild-type strains. One of these variants includes a region of 231 Kb containing 75 duplicated genes, which were overrepresented for lipid and isoprenoid metabolism. We also identified an additional strain (CFP 1055) that was resistant to itraconazole and amphotericin B, which had a single nucleotide polymorphism in the tac1 gene. The patients infected with these two strains showed protracted clinical course and sequelae. Even though our sample size is modest, these results suggest the possibility of identifying specific point mutations and large chromosomal duplications potentially associated with antifungal resistance and clinical outcomes of sporotrichosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus M Teixeira
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA; Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Almeida-Paes
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andréa R Bernardes-Engemann
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila M de Macedo
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatologia Infecciosa, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos F Valle
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatologia Infecciosa, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara Gutierrez-Galhardo
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatologia Infecciosa, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Dayvison F S Freitas
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatologia Infecciosa, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bridget M Barker
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Daniel R Matute
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jason E Stajich
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Pathology and Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Rosely M Zancopé-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Demin KA, Refeld AG, Bogdanova AA, Prazdnova EV, Popov IV, Kutsevalova OY, Ermakov AM, Bren AB, Rudoy DV, Chistyakov VA, Weeks R, Chikindas ML. Mechanisms of Candida Resistance to Antimycotics and Promising Ways to Overcome It: The Role of Probiotics. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:926-948. [PMID: 33738706 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09776-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic Candida and infections caused by those species are now considered as a serious threat to public health. The treatment of candidiasis is significantly complicated by the increasing resistance of pathogenic strains to current treatments and the stagnant development of new antimycotic drugs. Many species, such as Candida auris, have a wide range of resistance mechanisms. Among the currently used synthetic and semi-synthetic antifungal drugs, the most effective are azoles, echinocandins, polyenes, nucleotide analogs, and their combinations. However, the use of probiotic microorganisms and/or the compounds they produce is quite promising, although underestimated by modern pharmacology, to control the spread of pathogenic Candida species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin A Demin
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Aleksandr G Refeld
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Anna A Bogdanova
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Evgenya V Prazdnova
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Igor V Popov
- Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | | | - Alexey M Ermakov
- Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Anzhelica B Bren
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia.,Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Rudoy
- Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Chistyakov
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Richard Weeks
- Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Michael L Chikindas
- Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia. .,Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. .,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
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Amedei A, Asadzadeh F, Papi F, Vannucchi MG, Ferrucci V, Bermejo IA, Fragai M, De Almeida CV, Cerofolini L, Giuntini S, Bombaci M, Pesce E, Niccolai E, Natali F, Guarini E, Gabel F, Traini C, Catarinicchia S, Ricci F, Orzalesi L, Berti F, Corzana F, Zollo M, Grifantini R, Nativi C. A Structurally Simple Vaccine Candidate Reduces Progression and Dissemination of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. iScience 2020; 23:101250. [PMID: 32629615 PMCID: PMC7322362 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Tn antigen is a well-known tumor-associated carbohydrate determinant, often incorporated in glycopeptides to develop cancer vaccines. Herein, four copies of a conformationally constrained mimetic of the antigen TnThr (GalNAc-Thr) were conjugated to the adjuvant CRM197, a protein licensed for human use. The resulting vaccine candidate, mime[4]CRM elicited a robust immune response in a triple-negative breast cancer mouse model, correlated with high frequency of CD4+ T cells and low frequency of M2-type macrophages, which reduces tumor progression and lung metastasis growth. Mime[4]CRM-mediated activation of human dendritic cells is reported, and the proliferation of mime[4]CRM-specific T cells, in cancer tissue and peripheral blood of patients with breast cancer, is demonstrated. The locked conformation of the TnThr mimetic and a proper presentation on the surface of CRM197 may explain the binding of the conjugate to the anti-Tn antibody Tn218 and its efficacy to fight cancer cells in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 03, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Fatemeh Asadzadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Napoli "Federico II", via Pansini, 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzata, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Papi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Maria Giuliana Vannucchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 03, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Veronica Ferrucci
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Napoli "Federico II", via Pansini, 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzata, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - Iris A Bermejo
- Department of Chemistry, University of La Rioja, Madre de Dios, 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Marco Fragai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; CERM, University of Florence, via L. Sacconi, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Carolina Vieira De Almeida
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 03, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Linda Cerofolini
- CERM, University of Florence, via L. Sacconi, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine (CIRMMP), via L. Sacconi, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Stefano Giuntini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; Department of Chemistry, University of La Rioja, Madre de Dios, 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Mauro Bombaci
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Padiglione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Pesce
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Padiglione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Niccolai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 03, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Francesca Natali
- CNR-IOM, c/o Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Eleonora Guarini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, via Sansone, 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Frank Gabel
- Université Grenobles Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Chiara Traini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 03, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Stefano Catarinicchia
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 03, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Federica Ricci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 03, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Orzalesi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 03, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Francisco Corzana
- CERM, University of Florence, via L. Sacconi, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Massimo Zollo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Napoli "Federico II", via Pansini, 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzata, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Renata Grifantini
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Padiglione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Cristina Nativi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
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Asadzadeh M, Alanazi AF, Ahmad S, Al-Sweih N, Khan Z. Lack of detection of Candida nivariensis and Candida bracarensis among 440 clinical Candida glabrata sensu lato isolates in Kuwait. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223920. [PMID: 31618264 PMCID: PMC6795469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Occurrence of Candida nivariensis and Candida bracarensis, two species phenotypically similar to Candida glabrata sensu stricto, in human clinical samples from different geographical settings remains unknown. This study developed a low-cost multiplex PCR (mPCR) and three species-specific singleplex PCR assays. Reference strains of common Candida species were used during development and the performance of mPCR and singleplex PCR assays was evaluated with 440 clinical C. glabrata sensu lato isolates. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA was also sequenced from 85 selected isolates and rDNA sequence variations were used for determining genetic relatedness among the isolates by using MEGA X software. Species-specific amplicons for C. glabrata (~360 bp), C. nivariensis (~250 bp) and C. bracarensis (~180 bp) were obtained in mPCR while no amplicon was obtained from other Candida species. The three singleplex PCR assays also yielded expected results with reference strains of Candida species. The mPCR amplified ~360 bp amplicon from all 440 C. glabrata sensu lato isolates thus identifying all clinical isolates in Kuwait as C. glabrata sensu stricto. The results of mPCR were confirmed for all 440 isolates as they yielded an amplicon only in C. glabrata sensu stricto-specific singleplex PCR assay. The rDNA sequence data identified 28 ITS haplotypes among 85 isolates with 18 isolates belonging to unique haplotypes and 67 isolates belonging to 10 cluster haplotypes. In conclusion, we have developed a simple, low-cost mPCR assay for rapid differentiation of C. glabrata sensu stricto from C. nivariensis and C. bracarensis. Our data obtained from a large collection of clinical C. glabrata sensu lato isolates show that C. nivariensis and C. bracarensis are rare pathogens in Kuwait. Considerable genetic diversity among C. glabrata sensu stricto isolates was also indicated by rDNA sequence analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Asadzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Ahlam F. Alanazi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Suhail Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Noura Al-Sweih
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Ziauddin Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
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Development of Echinocandin Resistance in Candida tropicalis following Short-Term Exposure to Caspofungin for Empiric Therapy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.01926-17. [PMID: 29437623 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01926-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolation of two echinocandin-resistant Candida tropicalis strains from endotracheal secretions of a patient following short-term exposure to caspofungin is described. Both strains exhibited resistance to echinocandins by Etest and reference broth microdilution, showing a homozygous S645P mutation within the hot spot 1 (HS-1) region of FKS1 and belonging to a unique multilocus sequence type. Other C. tropicalis isolates collected from patients in the same intensive care unit within a 60-day period were susceptible to echinocandins and contained wild-type FKS1 sequences.
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Asadzadeh M, Ahmad S, Al-Sweih N, Khan Z. Rapid and Accurate Identification of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis by Real-Time PCR and Melting Curve Analysis. Med Princ Pract 2018; 27:543-548. [PMID: 30176672 PMCID: PMC6422113 DOI: 10.1159/000493426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis are germ tube-positive pathogenic yeast species. Accurate identification of these two species is warranted since C. albicans is a highly pathogenic species while C. dubliniensis exhibits increased adherence to buccal epithelial cells, reduced susceptibility to azoles and resistance to flucytosine. We have developed a duplex real-time PCR assay for rapid detection and differentiation between clinical C. albicans and C. dubliniensis isolates. MATERIALS AND METHODS A duplex real-time PCR assay was developed by using two species-specific primer pairs and SYBR Green dye to differentiate C. albicans and C. dubliniensis isolates via melting curve analysis of real-time PCR amplicons. Amplification products were also analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis to confirm real-time PCR results. RESULTS Melting temperatures (Tm) for reference strains of C. albicans and C. dubliniensis were 86.55 and 82.75°C, respectively. No amplicon was obtained with DNA from reference strains of 8 other common Candida spp. When real-time PCR was applied on 226 clinical isolates previously identified by the Vitek 2 system and/or PCR sequencing of rDNA, Tm values for C. albicans (n = 113) and C. dubliniensis (n = 98) were 86.68 ± 0.529 and 82.616 ± 0.535°C, respectively. The results were confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis. No amplicon was obtained from 15 isolates belonging to 9 other Candida spp. CONCLUSIONS The real-time PCR assay described here does not require prior identification of clinical yeast isolates as C. albicans/C. dubliniensis by germ tube formation and accurately reports results within 2 h. Detection of amplicons by agarose gel electrophoresis is also suitable for resource-poor settings devoid of real-time PCR facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Asadzadeh
- *Mohammad Asadzadeh, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, Safat 13110 (Kuwait), E-Mail
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Al-Obaid K, Asadzadeh M, Ahmad S, Khan Z. Population structure and molecular genetic characterization of clinical Candida tropicalis isolates from a tertiary-care hospital in Kuwait reveal infections with unique strains. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182292. [PMID: 28854190 PMCID: PMC5576731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida tropicalis is a frequently isolated yeast species causing bloodstream, urinary tract and other infections particularly in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) and those requiring prolonged urinary catheterization (UC) or receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics (BSA). This study investigated clinical characteristics and genetic relatedness among C. tropicalis strains isolated from patients at Al-Amiri Hospital in Kuwait. C. tropicalis strains (n = 63) isolated from blood, genito-urinary, respiratory (RT) and digestive (GIT) tracts and wound sites from 54 patients were used. All isolates were phenotypically identified and tested against six antifungal drugs by using Vitek 2 system. Molecular identification was performed by PCR amplification of rDNA. Fingerprinting was achieved by 6-loci-based multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and data were analyzed by BioNumerics software for phylogenetic relationships. Patients mean age was >65 years and >20% patients were hospitalized in ICUs. Most patients had underlying conditions that included UC, BSA, diabetes and RT/GIT abnormalities. Most candiduria cases had UC, ureteric stent or suprapubic catheters. All isolates were identified as C. tropicalis by Vitek 2 and by species-specific PCR. Sixty-two isolates were susceptible to all tested antifungal drugs. MLST identified 59 diploid sequence types (DSTs) including 54 newly-identified DSTs. C. tropicalis isolates from multiple sites of same patient usually belonged to different DSTs. Interestingly, 56 of 57 isolates from 48 patients belonged to unique genotypes. Only six isolates from six patients belonged to three DSTs (clusters), however, C. tropicalis strains in each cluster were isolated >3 months apart. Our data show diverse origins of C. tropicalis infections in Kuwait as most isolates were unique strains. There was no obvious correlation between cluster isolates with time of isolation and/or hospital ward of their origin. This study presents the first MLST analysis of C. tropicalis isolates from Middle East and may be useful for studying genetic relationships among global C. tropicalis strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Al-Obaid
- Microbiology, Department of Medical Laboratories, Al-Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait
| | - Mohammad Asadzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Suhail Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
- * E-mail:
| | - Ziauddin Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
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