1
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Yang J, Liu Y, Geng Q, Wang B. Death associated protein kinase 1 predicts the prognosis and the immunotherapy response of various cancers. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:670. [PMID: 38787485 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09240-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Death Associated Protein Kinase 1 (DAPK1) is a calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine kinase, which has been reported to be a tumor suppressor with unbalanced expression in various tissues. However, its function in tumor immunotherapy is still unclear. METHODS The online GEPIA2 database was used to support TCGA results. We explored the DAPK1 pan-cancer genomic alteration analysis using the cBioPortal web tool. The Human Protein Atlas (HPA) was employed to mine DAPK1 protein information. We verified the expression of DAPK1 in lung adenocarcinoma samples using RT-qPCR. Subsequently, the relationship between the expression of DAPK1 and the clinical stage was analyzed. We used TIMER2.0 as the primary platform for studying DAPK1-related immune cell infiltration. Associations between DAPK1 and immunotherapy biomarkers were analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis. TMB and MSI expression was also examined. Finally, we used Kaplan-Meier Plots to evaluate the relationship between DAPK1 expression and the efficacy of immunotherapy. RESULTS DAPK1 is aberrantly expressed in most cancer types and has prognostic power in various cancers. Gene mutation was the most common DAPK1 alteration across pan-cancers. The DAPK1 protein was mainly localized to tumor cell centrosomes. DAPK1 was also significantly associated with immune-activated hallmarks, immune cell infiltration, and the expression of immunomodulators. Notably, DAPK1 can also significantly predict responses to anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA-4 therapy in cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that DAPK1 may not only be an effective prognostic factor in cancer patients but may also function as a promising predictive immunotherapy biomarker for cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, 441000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.
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2
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Wu X, Tang J, Cheng B. Oral squamous cell carcinoma gene patterns connected with RNA methylation for prognostic prediction. Oral Dis 2024; 30:408-421. [PMID: 35934835 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether m6A/m1A/m5C/m7G/m6Am/Ψ-related genes influence the prognosis of a patient with oral squamous cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated the changes in regulatory genes using publicly available data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Consensus clustering by RNA methylation-related regulators was used to describe oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). Then, we developed the prediction model. The tumor microenvironment was investigated using ESTIMATE. Gene set enrichment analysis was used to determine whether pathways or cell types were enriched in different groups. The association between the model and immune-related risk scores was investigated using correlation analysis. RESULTS We found 22 gene signatures in this analysis and then developed a predictive model that reveals the genes that are highly connected to the overall survival of OSCC patients. The survival and death rates were substantially different in the two groups (high and low risk) classified by the risk scores. The validation cohort verified the phenotypic diversity and prognostic effects of these genes. CONCLUSION Our data reveal that immune cell infiltration, genetic mutation, and survival potential in OSCC patients are linked to m6A/m1A/m5C/m7G/m6Am/Ψ-related genes, and we constructed a dependable prognostic model for OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechen Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiezhang Tang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Zhang M, Shui X, Zheng X, Lee JE, Mei Y, Li R, Tian Y, Zheng X, Wang Q, Wang L, Chen D, Zhang T, Kim BM, Kim J, Lee TH. Death-associated protein kinase 1 phosphorylates MDM2 and inhibits its protein stability and function. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:882-896. [PMID: 37804415 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01469-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the major malignancies in women, and most related deaths are due to recurrence, drug resistance, and metastasis. The expression of the mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) oncogene is upregulated in breast cancer; however, its regulatory mechanism has yet to be fully elucidated. Herein, we identified the tumor suppressor death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) as a novel MDM2 regulator by unbiased peptide library screening. DAPK1 is directly bound to MDM2 and phosphorylates it at Thr419. DAPK1-mediated MDM2 phosphorylation promoted its protein degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, resulting in upregulated p53 expression. DAPK1 overexpression, but not its kinase activity-deficient form, decreased colony formation and increased doxorubicin-induced cell death; however, DAPK1 knockdown produced the opposite effects in human breast cancer cells. In a xenograft tumorigenesis assay, DAPK1 overexpression significantly reduced tumor formation, whereas inhibition of DAPK1 kinase activity reduced its antitumorigenic effect. Finally, DAPK1 expression was negatively correlated with MDM2 levels in human breast cancer tissues. Thus, these results suggest that DAPK1-mediated MDM2 phosphorylation and its protein degradation may contribute to its antitumorigenic function in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Xindong Shui
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yingxue Mei
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Ruomeng Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Xiuzhi Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Quling Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Long Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Byeong Mo Kim
- Research Center for New Drug Development, AgingTarget Inc., Uiwang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Ho Lee
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.
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Mo Y, Zhao J, Zhao R, Huang Y, Liang Z, Zhou X, Chu J, Pan X, Duan S, Chen S, Mo L, Huang B, Huang Z, Wei J, Zheng Q, Luo W. Loss of ACOX1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and its correlation with clinical features. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220696. [PMID: 37724116 PMCID: PMC10505341 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a major pathological type of kidney cancer with a poor prognosis due to a lack of biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis prediction of ccRCC. In this study, we investigated the aberrant expression of Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (ACOX1) in ccRCC and evaluated its potential in diagnosis and prognosis. ACOX1 is the first rate-limiting enzyme in the peroxidation β-oxidation pathway and is involved in the regulation of fatty acid oxidative catabolism. The mRNA and protein levels of ACOX1 were significantly downregulated in ccRCC, and its downregulation was closely associated with the tumor-node-metastasis stage of patients. The ROC curves showed that ACOX1 possesses a high diagnostic value for ccRCC. The OS analysis suggested that lower expression of ACOX1 was closely related to the worse outcome of patients. In addition, gene set enrichment analysis suggested that expression of ACOX1 was positively correlated with CDH1, CDH2, CDKL2, and EPCAM, while negatively correlated with MMP9 and VIM, which strongly indicated that ACOX1 may inhibit the invasion and migration of ccRCC by reversing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, we screened out that miR-16-5p is upregulated at the mRNA transcript level in ccRCC and negatively correlated with ACOX1. In conclusion, our results showed that ACOX1 is abnormally low expressed in ccRCC, suggesting that it could serve as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for ccRCC. Overexpression of miR-16-5p may be responsible for the inactivation of ACOX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxi Mo
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, #22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yiying Huang
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Ziyuan Liang
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, #22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, #22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jiemei Chu
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, #22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xinli Pan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Siyu Duan
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, #22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Shiman Chen
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, #22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Liufang Mo
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, #22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Bizhou Huang
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, #22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Zhaozhang Huang
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, #22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jiale Wei
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, #22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Qian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, #22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Wenqi Luo
- Department of Pathology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 530021, Nanning, China
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Liao C, Gu Z, Huang W, Gong Y, Liao X, Lin M, Zhang S. Genome-wide RNA-sequencing dataset reveals AC096751.1 sever as a novel prognostic long non-coding RNA and its potential molecular mechanisms in patients with colon adenocarcinoma. J Cancer 2023; 14:2386-2398. [PMID: 37576398 PMCID: PMC10414039 DOI: 10.7150/jca.83424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Through data analysis, we observed that AC096751.1 is markedly imbalance between colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) cancer and paracancerous tissues. However, the prognostic value and potential molecular mechanism of AC096751.1 in COAD are still unclear. Methods: Whole genome RNA-sequencing datasets of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) COAD cohort were collected into current study, comprehensive survival analysis and bioinformatics function enrichment analysis approaches were apply to explore the clinical outcome and molecular mechanisms of AC096751.1 in COAD. Results: In current study, we found that AC096751.1 is markedly down-regulated in COAD cancer tissues (log2 fold change =2.303, P<0.0001, false discovery rate <0.0001), and can be serve as a biomarker to distinguish COAD cancer and paracancerous tissues [area under curve=0.9518, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.9261-0.9776]. Survival analysis suggests that low expression of AC096751.1 is connected with poor clinical outcome of COAD, and can serve as a novel prognostic indicator (log-rank P=0.016, adjusted P=0.005, hazard ratio=0.548, 95% CI=0.360-0.836). Bioinformatics function enrichment analysis suggests that the molecular mechanism of AC096751.1 in COAD may include participation in cell adhesion, cell proliferation, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK), MAPK, janus-activated kinase-singal transducers and activators of transcriprion cascade, Erk1 and Erk 2 cascade, and nuclear factor-kappa B pathway. Tumor microenvironment and immune infiltration analysis indicates that COAD patients with different AC096751.1 expression have significant variation in tumor immune background. Conclusion: The present study found that AC096751.1 is significantly differentially expressed in COAD and can be serve as a novel prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun Liao
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwen Gu
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizhen Gong
- Department of Clinical Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiwen Liao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Minglin Lin
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Sen Zhang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
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Zhang ZC, Zhao HF, Sun Z, Li Y, Zhong ML, Wang BH, Jiang XZ. Tripartite motif-containing 9 promoted proliferation and migration of bladder cancer cells through CEACAM6-Smad2/3 axis. J Cell Commun Signal 2023:10.1007/s12079-023-00766-7. [PMID: 37249822 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00766-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) family proteins function as E3 ubiquitin ligases and play essential roles in cancer biology. In the present study, we validated a contribution of TRIM9 to bladder cancer progression. 296 patients derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and 22 clinical specimens were included, in which accumulated TRIM9 correlated with the poor prognosis and higher relapse in bladder patients. In vitro, TRIM9 promoted bladder cancer cells Biu-87 and T24 cell proliferation and migration. Meanwhile, overexpression of TRIM9 reduced the chemosensitivity in Biu-87 and T24 to mitomycin C (MMC) and gemcitabine (GEM). As an underlying mechanism, we found that TRIM9 stimulated carcinoembryonic antigen 6 (CEACAM6) upregulation, which further facilitated Smad2/3-matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) signaling activation both in vitro and in vivo. Those results indicated that TRIM9 facilitated bladder cancer development and chemoresistance by CEACAM6-Smad2/3 axis. TRIM9 and its associated molecules could be a potential diagnostic indicator and therapeutic target in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Cun Zhang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hai-Feng Zhao
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhuang Sun
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ming-Lei Zhong
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bao-Hai Wang
- Department of Urology, Liangshan People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xian-Zhou Jiang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
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Reprogramming of palmitic acid induced by dephosphorylation of ACOX1 promotes β-catenin palmitoylation to drive colorectal cancer progression. Cell Discov 2023; 9:26. [PMID: 36878899 PMCID: PMC9988979 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-022-00515-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer. However, it is not well known how metabolism affects cancer progression. We identified that metabolic enzyme acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1) suppresses colorectal cancer (CRC) progression by regulating palmitic acid (PA) reprogramming. ACOX1 is highly downregulated in CRC, which predicts poor clinical outcome in CRC patients. Functionally, ACOX1 depletion promotes CRC cell proliferation in vitro and colorectal tumorigenesis in mouse models, whereas ACOX1 overexpression inhibits patient-derived xenograft growth. Mechanistically, DUSP14 dephosphorylates ACOX1 at serine 26, promoting its polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thereby leading to an increase of the ACOX1 substrate PA. Accumulated PA promotes β-catenin cysteine 466 palmitoylation, which inhibits CK1- and GSK3-directed phosphorylation of β-catenin and subsequent β-Trcp-mediated proteasomal degradation. In return, stabilized β-catenin directly represses ACOX1 transcription and indirectly activates DUSP14 transcription by upregulating c-Myc, a typical target of β-catenin. Finally, we confirmed that the DUSP14-ACOX1-PA-β-catenin axis is dysregulated in clinical CRC samples. Together, these results identify ACOX1 as a tumor suppressor, the downregulation of which increases PA-mediated β-catenin palmitoylation and stabilization and hyperactivates β-catenin signaling thus promoting CRC progression. Particularly, targeting β-catenin palmitoylation by 2-bromopalmitate (2-BP) can efficiently inhibit β-catenin-dependent tumor growth in vivo, and pharmacological inhibition of DUSP14-ACOX1-β-catenin axis by Nu-7441 reduced the viability of CRC cells. Our results reveal an unexpected role of PA reprogramming induced by dephosphorylation of ACOX1 in activating β-catenin signaling and promoting cancer progression, and propose the inhibition of the dephosphorylation of ACOX1 by DUSP14 or β-catenin palmitoylation as a viable option for CRC treatment.
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Zhang L, Luo B, Lu Y, Chen Y. Targeting Death-Associated Protein Kinases for Treatment of Human Diseases: Recent Advances and Future Directions. J Med Chem 2023; 66:1112-1136. [PMID: 36645394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) family is a member of the calcium/calmodulin-regulated serine/threonine protein kinase family, and studies have shown that its role, as its name suggests, is mainly to regulate cell death. The DAPK family comprises five members, including DAPK1, DAPK2, DAPK3, DRAK1 and DRAK2, which show high homology in the common N-terminal kinase domain but differ in the extra-catalytic domain. Notably, previous research has suggested that the DAPK family plays an essential role in both the development and regulation of human diseases. However, only a few small-molecule inhibitors have been reported. In this Perspective, we mainly discuss the structure, biological function, and role of DAPKs in diseases and the currently discovered small-molecule inhibitors, providing valuable information for the development of the DAPK field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Boqin Luo
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Yingying Lu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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Wang Q, Weng S, Sun Y, Lin Y, Zhong W, Kwok HF, Lin Y. High DAPK1 Expression Promotes Tumor Metastasis of Gastric Cancer. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11101488. [PMID: 36290392 PMCID: PMC9598723 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a common upper gastrointestinal tumor. Death-associated protein kinase (DAPK1) was found to participate in the development of various malignant tumors. However, there are few reports on DAPK1 in gastric cancer. In this study, the TCGA and GEO datasets were used to explore the expression and role of DAPK1 in gastric cancer. The functions of DAPK1 in gastric cancer were determined by proliferation, migration and invasion assays. In addition, genes co-expressed with DAPK1 in gastric cancer were estimated through the WGCNA and correlation analysis. A DAPK1-related gene prognostic model was constructed using the Cox regression and lasso analyses. The expression of DAPK1 was significantly up-regulated in gastric cancer tissues. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that low expression of DAPK1 was a favorable prognostic factor of overall survival and disease-free survival for gastric cancer patients. Functional experiments demonstrated that DAPK1 can promote the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells. WGCNA, correlation analysis, Cox regression, and lasso analyses were applied to construct the DAPK1-related prognostic model. The prognostic value of this prognostic model of DAPK1-related genes was further successfully validated in an independent database. Our results indicated that DAPK1 can promote gastric cancer cell migration and invasion and established four DAPK1-related signature genes for gastric cancer that could independently predict the survival of GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshui Wang
- Central Laboratory at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Traditional Chinese Medical University, Fujian-Macao Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Oriented Chronic Disease Prevention and Treatment, Innovation and Transformation Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350001, China
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Shuyun Weng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Yuqin Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Youyu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Wenting Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Hang Fai Kwok
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- Correspondence: (H.F.K.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yao Lin
- Central Laboratory at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Traditional Chinese Medical University, Fujian-Macao Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Oriented Chronic Disease Prevention and Treatment, Innovation and Transformation Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350001, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Rehabilitation Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350001, China
- Correspondence: (H.F.K.); (Y.L.)
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Wang Q, Lin Y, Zhong W, Jiang Y, Lin Y. Regulatory Non-coding RNAs for Death Associated Protein Kinase Family. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:649100. [PMID: 34422899 PMCID: PMC8377501 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.649100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The death associated protein kinases (DAPKs) are a family of calcium dependent serine/threonine kinases initially identified in the regulation of apoptosis. Previous studies showed that DAPK family members, including DAPK1, DAPK2 and DAPK3 play a crucial regulatory role in malignant tumor development, in terms of cell apoptosis, proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that non-coding RNAs, including microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and circRNA, are involved in the regulation of gene expression and tumorigenesis. Recent studies indicated that non-coding RNAs participate in the regulation of DAPKs. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge of non-coding RNAs, as well as the potential miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs, that are involved in the regulation of DAPKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshui Wang
- Central Laboratory at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Traditional Chinese Medical University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Rehabilitation Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Youyu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenting Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Centre, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yao Lin
- Central Laboratory at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Traditional Chinese Medical University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Rehabilitation Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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11
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Li S, Teng Y, Yuan MJ, Ma TT, Ma J, Gao XJ. A seven long-noncoding RNA signature predicts prognosis of lung squamous cell carcinoma. Biomark Med 2019; 14:53-63. [PMID: 31729251 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2019-0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study profiled differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) to predict LSCC overall survival (OS) using The Cancer Genome Atlas data. Materials & methods: The RNA-seq and clinical dataset of 475 LSCC patients was retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and statistically analyzed. Results: There were 67 upregulated and 32 downregulated lncRNAs in LSCCs and 12 lncRNAs associated with OS. The seven-lncRNA signature was associated with poor OS and RP11-150O12.6 and CTA-384D8.35 were associated with better OS (p < 0.001). The seven lncRNAs-mRNA interaction network analysis showed their association with 187 protein-coding genes for cancer development, cell migration, adhesion, proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and the MAPK signaling pathways. Conclusion: This seven-lncRNA signature is useful to predict LSCC OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Yue Teng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Min-Jie Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Ting-Ting Ma
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Therapy, Tianjin 300060, PR China
| | - Jian Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Xu-Jie Gao
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Therapy, Tianjin 300060, PR China
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12
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Schwarz MC, Allikmets S. TMED2 as a marker of prognosis in breast cancer [Letter]. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:6377-6378. [PMID: 31372042 PMCID: PMC6636177 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s210756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Allikmets
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, London, UK
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13
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Regulation of the Expression of DAPK1 by SUMO Pathway. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9040151. [PMID: 30999631 PMCID: PMC6523460 DOI: 10.3390/biom9040151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Death Associated Protein Kinase 1 (DAPK1) is an important signaling kinase mediating the biological effect of multiple natural biomolecules such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, curcumin, etc. DAPK1 is degraded through both ubiquitin-proteasomal and lysosomal degradation pathways. To investigate the crosstalk between these two DAPK1 degradation pathways, we carried out a screen using a set of ubiquitin E2 siRNAs at the presence of Tuberous Sclerous 2 (TSC2) and identified that the small ubiquitin-like molecule (SUMO) pathway is able to regulate the protein levels of DAPK1. Inhibition of the SUMO pathway enhanced DAPK1 protein levels and the minimum domain of DAPK1 protein required for this regulation is the kinase domain, suggesting that the SUMO pathway regulates DAPK1 protein levels independent of TSC2. Suppression of the SUMO pathway did not enhance DAPK1 protein stability. In addition, mutation of the potential SUMO conjugation sites on DAPK1 kinase domain did not alter its protein stability or response to SUMO pathway inhibition. These data suggested that the SUMO pathway does not regulate DAPK1 protein degradation. The exact molecular mechanism underlying this regulation is yet to be discovered.
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14
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Preliminary Evaluation of the Diagnostic Usefulness of Uroplakin 2 with an Assessment of the Antioxidant Potential of Patients with Bladder Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8693297. [PMID: 30627578 PMCID: PMC6304619 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8693297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Urothelial carcinoma is the most common type of bladder cancer (BC). It makes up more than 90% of all bladder cancers. Uroplakins are tissue-specific, glycoproteins, playing a role in the construction and function of urothelium. The emergence of uroplakins in the urine and/or plasma may be of potential importance in the early detection of BC. In our study, the diagnostic value of plasma and urine uroplakin 2 (UP2) concentration in bladder cancer was investigated, with an assessment of the antioxidant potential of BC patients. The correlation between UP2, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and concentration of glutathione (GSH) was also examined. Materials and Methods This study included 61 BC patients and 33 healthy controls. UP2 concentration was estimated by the immunoenzymatic method (ELISA). TAC and GSH were determined in spectrophotometrically methods. Results UP2 concentration in BC patients was significantly higher (p≤0.001) both in plasma and in urine compared to the control groups (C). TAC concentration in urine (p≤0.001) and GSH concentration in plasma (p=0.047) were significantly lower in BC group compared to the C group. The high specificity and sensitivity for UPK2 in plasma (76%, 80%, respectively) and urine (88%, 84%, respectively) were observed. Positive correlations were observed between concentration of UP2 in plasma and TAC concentration in urine and between UP2 concentration in plasma and GSH concentration in the same material. Conclusion The study showed the early diagnostic value of urine and plasma UP2 in BC. There was a decrease in UP2 concentration in the urine of patients with the development of BC. The decrease of antioxidant systems (TAC, GSH) indicates their relationship with the BC process. Based on the obtained results, it is justified to continue the study in a larger group of patients with BC.
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15
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Giulietti M, Occhipinti G, Righetti A, Bracci M, Conti A, Ruzzo A, Cerigioni E, Cacciamani T, Principato G, Piva F. Emerging Biomarkers in Bladder Cancer Identified by Network Analysis of Transcriptomic Data. Front Oncol 2018; 8:450. [PMID: 30370253 PMCID: PMC6194189 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a very common malignancy. Although new treatment strategies have been developed, the identification of new therapeutic targets and reliable diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers for bladder cancer remains a priority. Generally, they are found among differentially expressed genes between patients and healthy subjects or among patients with different tumor stages. However, the classical approach includes processing these data taking into consideration only the expression of each single gene regardless of the expression of other genes. These complex gene interaction networks can be revealed by a recently developed systems biology approach called Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA). It takes into account the expression of all genes assessed in an experiment in order to reveal the clusters of co-expressed genes (modules) that, very probably, are also co-regulated. If some genes are co-expressed in controls but not in pathological samples, it can be hypothesized that a regulatory mechanism was altered and that it could be the cause or the effect of the disease. Therefore, genes within these modules could play a role in cancer and thus be considered as potential therapeutic targets or diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers. Here, we have reviewed all the studies where WGCNA has been applied to gene expression data from bladder cancer patients. We have shown the importance of this new approach in identifying candidate biomarkers and therapeutic targets. They include both genes and miRNAs and some of them have already been identified in the literature to have a role in bladder cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Giulietti
- Department of Specialistic Clinical and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giulia Occhipinti
- Department of Specialistic Clinical and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Righetti
- Department of Specialistic Clinical and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Massimo Bracci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Conti
- Department of Urology, Bressanone/Brixen Hospital, Bressanone, Italy
| | - Annamaria Ruzzo
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Fano, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Cerigioni
- Unit of Pediatric and Specialistic Surgery, United Hospitals, "G.Salesi", Ancona, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cacciamani
- Department of Life and Environmental Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Principato
- Department of Specialistic Clinical and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Piva
- Department of Specialistic Clinical and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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16
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Chatterjee A, Rodger EJ, Ahn A, Stockwell PA, Parry M, Motwani J, Gallagher SJ, Shklovskaya E, Tiffen J, Eccles MR, Hersey P. Marked Global DNA Hypomethylation Is Associated with Constitutive PD-L1 Expression in Melanoma. iScience 2018; 4:312-325. [PMID: 30240750 PMCID: PMC6147024 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive expression of the immune checkpoint, PD-L1, inhibits anti-tumor immune responses in cancer, although the factors involved in PD-L1 regulation are poorly understood. Here we show that loss of global DNA methylation, particularly in intergenic regions and repeat elements, is associated with constitutive (PD-L1CON), versus inducible (PD-L1IND), PD-L1 expression in melanoma cell lines. We further show this is accompanied by transcriptomic up-regulation. De novo epigenetic regulators (e.g., DNMT3A) are strongly correlated with PD-L1 expression and methylome status. Accordingly, decitabine-mediated inhibition of global methylation in melanoma cells leads to increased PD-L1 expression. Moreover, viral mimicry and immune response genes are highly expressed in lymphocyte-negative plus PD-L1-positive melanomas, versus PD-L1-negative melanomas in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). In summary, using integrated genomic analysis we identified that global DNA methylation influences PD-L1 expression in melanoma, and hence melanoma's ability to evade anti-tumor immune responses. These results have implications for combining epigenetic therapy with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Chatterjee
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, 270 Great King Street, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Level 2, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Euan J Rodger
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, 270 Great King Street, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Level 2, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Antonio Ahn
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, 270 Great King Street, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Peter A Stockwell
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, 270 Great King Street, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Matthew Parry
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Otago, 710 Cumberland Street, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jyoti Motwani
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, 270 Great King Street, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Stuart J Gallagher
- Melanoma Immunology and Oncology Group, The Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Elena Shklovskaya
- Melanoma Immunology and Oncology Group, The Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Jessamy Tiffen
- Melanoma Immunology and Oncology Group, The Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Michael R Eccles
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, 270 Great King Street, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Level 2, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Peter Hersey
- Melanoma Immunology and Oncology Group, The Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
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17
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MacDonald AF, Bettaieb A, Donohoe DR, Alani DS, Han A, Zhao Y, Whelan J. Concurrent regulation of LKB1 and CaMKK2 in the activation of AMPK in castrate-resistant prostate cancer by a well-defined polyherbal mixture with anticancer properties. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:188. [PMID: 29914450 PMCID: PMC6006779 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2255-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zyflamend, a blend of herbal extracts, effectively inhibits tumor growth using preclinical models of castrate-resistant prostate cancer mediated in part by 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a master energy sensor of the cell. Clinically, treatment with Zyflamend and/or metformin (activators of AMPK) had benefits in castrate-resistant prostate cancer patients who no longer responded to treatment. Two predominant upstream kinases are known to activate AMPK: liver kinase B1 (LKB1), a tumor suppressor, and calcium-calmodulin kinase kinase-2 (CaMKK2), a tumor promotor over-expressed in many cancers. The objective was to interrogate how Zyflamend activates AMPK by determining the roles of LKB1 and CaMKK2. METHODS AMPK activation was determined in CWR22Rv1 cells treated with a variety of inhibitors of LKB1 and CaMKK2 in the presence and absence of Zyflamend, and in LKB1-null HeLa cells that constitutively express CaMKK2, following transfection with wild type LKB1 or catalytically-dead mutants. Upstream regulation by Zyflamend of LKB1 and CaMKK2 was investigated targeting protein kinase C-zeta (PKCζ) and death-associated protein kinase (DAPK), respectively. RESULTS Zyflamend's activation of AMPK appears to be LKB1 dependent, while simultaneously inhibiting CaMKK2 activity. Zyflamend failed to rescue the activation of AMPK in the presence of pharmacological and molecular inhibitors of LKB1, an effect not observed in the presence of inhibitors of CaMKK2. Using LKB1-null and catalytically-dead LKB1-transfected HeLa cells that constitutively express CaMKK2, ionomycin (activator of CaMKK2) increased phosphorylation of AMPK, but Zyflamend only had an effect in cells transfected with wild type LKB1. Zyflamend appears to inhibit CaMKK2 by DAPK-mediated phosphorylation of CaMKK2 at Ser511, an effect prevented by a DAPK inhibitor. Alternatively, Zyflamend mediates LKB1 activation via increased phosphorylation of PKCζ, where it induced translocation of PKCζ and LKB1 to their respective active compartments in HeLa cells following treatment. Altering the catalytic activity of LKB1 did not alter this translocation. DISCUSSION Zyflamend's activation of AMPK is mediated by LKB1, possibly via PKCζ, but independent of CaMKK2 by a mechanism that appears to involve DAPK. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, this is the first evidence that natural products simultaneously and antithetically regulate upstream kinases, known to be involved in cancer, via the activation of AMPK.
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Wang Y, Zhang H, Li X, Chen W. Differential expression profile analysis of lncRNA UCA1α regulated mRNAs in bladder cancer. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:1841-1854. [PMID: 28815726 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma associated 1α (UCA1α) is a novel long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) that regulates bladder cancer proliferation, migration, and invasion. The target genes of UCA1α have, however, not been identified. To address this, a pCDNA3.1(+)-UCA1α over-expression vector was transfected into UM-UC-2 bladder cancer cells. Genes differentially expressed between pCDNA3.1(+)-UCA1α and pCDNA3.1(+) transfected cell were then detected by microarray and bioinformatics analysis. A total of 71 differentially expressed genes were identified, including 52 up-regulated genes and 19 down-regulated genes. As expected, the lncRNA UCA1α expression level was significantly increased when compared to that of pCDNA3.1(+) transfected cells. The five most significantly up-regulated and five most significantly down-regulated genes were selected, and their expression levels were also assessed by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The mRNA and protein expression levels of FOXI3 and GSTA3 were found to be significantly increased, and those of MED18 and TEX101 were found to be significantly decreased. Gene ontology (GO) clustering identified several significant biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions, associated with lncRNA UCA1α over-expression. The differentially expressed genes were involved in several significant pathways as shown by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway clustering. Cell proliferation activity was significantly increased following overexpression of lncRNA UCA1α increasing over culture time. The present study identifies, for the first time, potential target genes for lncRNA UCA1α in bladder cancer, and provides a significant reference for studying the role of lncRNA UCA1α in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Medical Experiment Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Medical Experiment Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Xu Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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