1
|
Zhou J, Han H, Liu S, Ji C, Jiao B, Yang Y, Xi D. miRNAs are involved in regulating the formation of recovery tissues in virus infected Nicotiana tabacum. Mol Genet Genomics 2024; 299:10. [PMID: 38376608 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-024-02106-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
MiRNAs play an important role in regulating plant growth and immune response. Mosaic diseases are recognized as the most important plant diseases in the world, and mosaic symptoms are recovery tissues formed by plants against virus infection. However, the mechanism of the formation of mosaic symptoms remains elusive. In this study, two typical mosaic systems consisting of Nicotiana tabacum-cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and N. tabacum-tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were used to investigate the relevance of miRNAs to the appearance of mosaic symptoms. The results of miRNA-seq showed that there were significant differences in miRNA abundance between dark green tissues and chlorotic tissues in mosaic leaves caused by the infection of CMV or TMV. Compared with healthy tissues, miRNA expression was significantly increased in chlorotic tissues, but slightly increased in dark green tissues. Three miRNAs, namely miR1919, miR390a, and miR6157, were identified to be strongly up-regulated in chlorotic tissues of both mosaic systems. Results of overexpressing or silencing of the three miRNAs proved that they were related to chlorophyll synthesis, auxin response, and small GTPase-mediated immunity pathway, which were corresponding to the phenotype, physiological parameters and susceptibility of the chlorotic tissues in mosaic leaves. Besides, the newly identified novel-miRNA48, novel-miRNA96 and novel-miRNA103 may also be involved in this formation of mosaic symptoms. Taken together, our results demonstrated that miR1919, miR390a and miR6157 are involved in the formation of mosaic symptoms and plant antiviral responses, providing new insight into the role of miRNAs in the formation of recovery tissue and plant immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongyan Han
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, China
| | - Sucen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenglong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Bolei Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Dehui Xi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ahmed R, Kaldis A, Voloudakis A. Silencing of a Nicotiana benthamiana ascorbate oxidase gene reveals its involvement in resistance against cucumber mosaic virus. PLANTA 2024; 259:38. [PMID: 38227024 PMCID: PMC10791908 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04313-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Silencing of an ascorbate oxidase (AO) gene in N. benthamiana enhanced disease severity from cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), showing higher accumulation and expansion of the spreading area of CMV. A Nicotiana benthamiana ascorbate oxidase (NbAO) gene was found to be induced upon cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infection. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was employed to elucidate the function of AO in N. benthamiana. The tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-mediated VIGS resulted in an efficient silencing of the NbAO gene, i.e., 97.5% and 78.8% in relative quantification as compared to the control groups (TRV::eGFP- and the mock-inoculated plants), respectively. In addition, AO enzymatic activity decreased in the TRV::NtAO-silenced plants as compared to control. TRV::NtAO-mediated NbAO silencing induced a greater reduction in plant height by 15.2% upon CMV infection. CMV titer at 3 dpi was increased in the systemic leaves of NbAO-silenced plants (a 35-fold change difference as compared to the TRV::eGFP-treated group). Interestingly, CMV and TRV titers vary in different parts of systemically infected N. benthamiana leaves. In TRV::eGFP-treated plants, CMV accumulated only at the top half of the leaf, whereas the bottom half of the leaf was "occupied" by TRV. In contrast, in the NbAO-silenced plants, CMV accumulated in both the top and the bottom half of the leaf, suggesting that the silencing of the NbAO gene resulted in the expansion of the spreading area of CMV. Our data suggest that the AO gene might function as a resistant factor against CMV infection in N. benthamiana.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Ahmed
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, 785013, India
| | - Athanasios Kaldis
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Voloudakis
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bow A. A Streamlined Approach to Pathway Analysis from RNA-Sequencing Data. Methods Protoc 2021; 4:mps4010021. [PMID: 33802642 PMCID: PMC8006023 DOI: 10.3390/mps4010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduction in costs associated with performing RNA-sequencing has driven an increase in the application of this analytical technique; however, restrictive factors associated with this tool have now shifted from budgetary constraints to time required for data processing. The sheer scale of the raw data produced can present a formidable challenge for researchers aiming to glean vital information about samples. Though many of the companies that perform RNA-sequencing provide a basic report for the submitted samples, this may not adequately capture particular pathways of interest for sample comparisons. To further assess these data, it can therefore be necessary to utilize various enrichment and mapping software platforms to highlight specific relations. With the wide array of these software platforms available, this can also present a daunting task. The methodology described herein aims to enable researchers new to handling RNA-sequencing data with a streamlined approach to pathway analysis. Additionally, the implemented software platforms are readily available and free to utilize, making this approach viable, even for restrictive budgets. The resulting tables and nodal networks will provide valuable insight into samples and can be used to generate high-quality graphics for publications and presentations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Austin Bow
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yu M, Bi X, Huang Y, Chen Y, Wang J, Zhang R, Lei Y, Xia Z, An M, Wu Y. Chimeric Tobamoviruses With Coat Protein Exchanges Modulate Symptom Expression and Defence Responses in Nicotiana tabacum. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:587005. [PMID: 33240243 PMCID: PMC7677242 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.587005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In the pathogen infection and host defence equilibrium, plant viruses have evolved to efficiently replicate their genomes, to resist the attack from host defence responses and to avoid causing severe negative effect on growth and metabolism of the hosts. In this study, we generated chimeric tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) variants, in which the coat protein (CP) sequences were substituted with that of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) or pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) to address the role of these in virus infection and host symptomology. The results showed that the chimeric viruses (TMV-CGCP or TMV-PMCP) induce stunting and necrotic symptoms in tobacco plants. We analyzed the transcriptomic changes in tobacco plants after infection of TMV and its chimeras using a high-throughput RNA sequencing approach and found that infection of the chimeric TMV induced significant up-regulation of host defence responsive genes together with salicylic (SA) or abscisic acid (ABA) responsive genes, but down-regulation of auxin (Aux) responsive genes. We further confirmed the increase in the levels of SA and ABA, together with the reduced levels of Aux after infection of chimeric TMV in tobacco plants. These data suggest novel roles of tobamovirus CP in induction of host symptoms and defence responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Yu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyue Bi
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanmin Huang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Sichuan Tobacco Company Deyang City Company, Deyang, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Sichuan Tobacco Company Deyang City Company, Deyang, China
| | - Ruina Zhang
- Sichuan Tobacco Company Deyang City Company, Deyang, China
| | - Yunkang Lei
- Sichuan Tobacco Company Deyang City Company, Deyang, China
| | - Zihao Xia
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mengnan An
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanhua Wu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu D, Zhao Q, Cheng Y, Li D, Jiang C, Cheng L, Wang Y, Yang A. Transcriptome analysis of two cultivars of tobacco in response to Cucumber mosaic virus infection. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3124. [PMID: 30816259 PMCID: PMC6395745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39734-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is among the most important plant virus infections, inducing a variety of disease symptoms. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying plant responses to CMV infection remain poorly understood. In this study, we performed RNA sequencing analysis of tolerant (Taiyan8) and susceptible (NC82) tobacco cultivars on CMV-infected plants, using mock-inoculated plants as a control. The propagation of CMV in inoculated leaves did not show obvious difference between two cultivars, whereas virus accumulation in systemic leaves of Taiyan8 was smaller than those of NC82 at the same time point. We observed 765 and 1,011 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Taiyan8 and NC82, respectively, in CMV-inoculated leaves. DEGs related to reactive oxygen species, salicylic acid signal transduction, and plant-pathogen interaction were upregulated or downregulated in Taiyan8, which indicates that defense response pathways to CMV were activated in the tolerant cultivar. In addition, we identified several DEGs related to disease defense and stress resistance showing opposing expression patterns in the two cultivars. Our comparative transcriptome analysis will improve our understanding of the mechanisms of CMV tolerance in plants, and will be of great importance in the molecular breeding of CMV- tolerant genotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Yazeng Cheng
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Caihong Jiang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Lirui Cheng
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Yuanying Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Aiguo Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen LJ, Zou WS, Fei CY, Wu G, Li XY, Lin HH, Xi DH. α-Expansin EXPA4 Positively Regulates Abiotic Stress Tolerance but Negatively Regulates Pathogen Resistance in Nicotiana tabacum. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:2317-2330. [PMID: 30124953 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Since they function as cell wall-loosening proteins, expansins can affect plant growth, developmental processes and environmental stress responses. Our previous study demonstrated that changes in Nicotiana tabacum α-expansin 4 (EXPA4) expression affect the sensitivity of tobacco to Tobacco mosaic virus [recombinant TMV encoding green fluorescent protein (TMV-GFP)] infection by Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression. In this study, to characterize the function of tobacco EXPA4 further, EXPA4 RNA interfernce (RNAi) mutants and overexpression lines were generated and assayed for their tolerance to abiotic stress and resistance to pathogens. First, the differential phenotypes and histomorphology of transgenic plants with altered EXPA4 expression indicated that EXPA4 is essential for normal tobacco growth and development. By utilizing tobacco EXPA4 mutants with abiotic stress, it was demonstrated that RNAi mutants have increased hypersensitivity to salt and drought stress. In contrast, the overexpression of EXPA4 in tobacco conferred greater tolerance to salt and drought stress, as indicated by less cell damage, higher fresh weight, higher soluble sugar and proline accumulation, and higher expression levels of several stress-responsive genes. In addition, the overexpression lines were more susceptible to the viral pathogen TMV-GFP when compared with the wild type or RNAi mutants. The induction of the antioxidant system, several defense-associated phytohormones and gene expression was down-regulated in overexpression lines but up-regulated in RNAi mutants when compared with the wild type following TMV-GFP infection. In addition, EXPA4 overexpression also accelerated the disease development of Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 on tobacco. Taken together, these results suggested that EXPA4 appears to be important in tobacco growth and responses to abiotic and biotic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Wen-Shan Zou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Chun-Yan Fei
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Guo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xin-Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Hong-Hui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - De-Hui Xi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Park SH, Li F, Renaud J, Shen W, Li Y, Guo L, Cui H, Sumarah M, Wang A. NbEXPA1, an α-expansin, is plasmodesmata-specific and a novel host factor for potyviral infection. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 92:846-861. [PMID: 28941316 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodesmata (PD), unique to the plant kingdom, are structurally complex microchannels that cross the cell wall to establish symplastic communication between neighbouring cells. Viral intercellular movement occurs through PD. To better understand the involvement of PD in viral infection, we conducted a quantitative proteomic study on the PD-enriched fraction from Nicotiana benthamiana leaves in response to infection by Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). We report the identification of a total of 1070 PD protein candidates, of which 100 (≥2-fold increase) and 48 (≥2-fold reduction) are significantly differentially accumulated in the PD-enriched fraction, when compared with protein levels in the corresponding healthy control. Among the differentially accumulated PD protein candidates, we show that an α-expansin designated NbEXPA1, a cell wall loosening protein, is PD-specific. TuMV infection downregulates NbEXPA1 mRNA expression and protein accumulation. We further demonstrate that NbEXPA1 is recruited to the viral replication complex via the interaction with NIb, the only RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of TuMV. Silencing of NbEXPA1 inhibits plant growth and TuMV infection, whereas overexpression of NbEXPA1 promotes viral replication and intercellular movement. These data suggest that NbEXPA1 is a host factor for potyviral infection. This study not only generates a PD-proteome dataset that is useful in future studies to expound PD biology and PD-mediated virus-host interactions but also characterizes NbEXPA1 as the first PD-specific cell wall loosening protein and its essential role in potyviral infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ho Park
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Fangfang Li
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Justin Renaud
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Wentao Shen
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Yinzi Li
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Lihua Guo
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hongguang Cui
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Mark Sumarah
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Aiming Wang
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|