1
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John P, Waldt N, Liebich J, Kesseler C, Schnabel S, Angenstein F, Sandalcioglu IE, Scherlach C, Sahm F, Kirches E, Mawrin C. AKT1 E17K -mutated meningioma cell lines respond to treatment with the AKT inhibitor AZD5363. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 48:e12780. [PMID: 34837233 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Meningiomas are the most frequent primary brain tumours. Recently, knowledge about the molecular drivers underlying aggressive meningiomas has been expanded. A hotspot mutation in the AKT1 gene (AKT1E17K ), which is found in meningiomas at the convexity and especially at the skull base, has been associated with earlier tumour recurrence. METHODS Here, we analysed the effects of the AKT1E17K mutation and treatment response to the Akt inhibitor AZD5363 in transgenic meningioma cell clones and mouse xenografts modelling convexity or skull base meningiomas. RESULTS We show that the AKTE17K mutation significantly enhances meningioma cell proliferation and colony size in vitro, resulting in significantly shortened survival times of mice carrying convexity or skull base AKT1E17K xenografts. Treatment of mutant cells or xenografts (150 mg/kg/d) with AZD5363 revealed a significant decrease in cell proliferation and colony size and a prolongation of mouse survival. Western blots revealed activation of AKT1 kinase (phosphorylation at Ser273 and Thr308) by the E17K mutation in human meningioma samples and in our in vitro and in vivo models. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that AKT1E17K mutated meningiomas are a promising selective target for AZD5363.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter John
- Department of Neuropathology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Natalie Waldt
- Department of Neuropathology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Josephine Liebich
- Department of Neuropathology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Kesseler
- Department of Neuropathology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Schnabel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Paracelsus Hospital Zwickau, Zwickau, Germany
| | | | - I Erol Sandalcioglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Cordula Scherlach
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Sahm
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elmar Kirches
- Department of Neuropathology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christian Mawrin
- Department of Neuropathology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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2
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Al Kaissi A, Misof BM, Laccone F, Blouin S, Roschger P, Kircher SG, Shboul M, Mindler GT, Girsch W, Ganger R. Clinical Phenotype and Bone Biopsy Characteristics in a Child with Proteus Syndrome. Calcif Tissue Int 2021; 109:586-595. [PMID: 34003338 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-021-00862-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Proteus syndrome is a rare genetic disorder, which is characterized by progressive, segmental, or patchy overgrowth of diverse tissues of all germ layers, including the skeleton. Here, we present a 9-year-old girl with a somatic-activating mutation (c.49G > A; p.Glu17Lys) in AKT1 gene in a mosaic status typical for Proteus syndrome. She presented with hemihypertrophy of the right lower limb and a "moccasin" lesion among others. A transiliac bone biopsy was analyzed for bone histology/histomorphometry as well as bone mineralization density distribution (BMDD) and osteocyte lacunae sections (OLS) characteristics based on quantitative backscattered electron imaging. Bone histomorphometry revealed highly increased mineralizing surface (Z-score + 2.3) and mineral apposition rate (Z-score + 19.3), no osteoclasts (Z-score - 2.1), and an increased amount of primary bone in the external cortex. BMDD abnormalities included a decreased mode calcium concentration in cancellous bone (Z-score - 1.7) and an increased percentage of highly mineralized cortical bone area (Z-score + 2.4) compared to reference. OLS characteristics showed several differences compared to reference data; among them, there were the highly increased OLS-porosity, OLS-area, and OLS-perimeter on the external cortex (Z-scores + 6.8, + 4.4 and 5.4, respectively). Our findings suggest that increased bone formation reduced matrix mineralization in cancellous bone while the enhanced amount of primary bone in the external cortex increased the portion of highly mineralized cortical bone and caused OLS-characteristics abnormalities. Our results indicate further that remodeling of primary bone might be disturbed or delayed in agreement with the decreased number of osteoclasts observed in this child with Proteus syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Al Kaissi
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, First Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Str. 30, 1140, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Orthopaedic Hospital Speising, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara M Misof
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, First Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Str. 30, 1140, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Franco Laccone
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stéphane Blouin
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, First Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Str. 30, 1140, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Roschger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, First Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Str. 30, 1140, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne G Kircher
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mohammad Shboul
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Gabriel T Mindler
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Orthopaedic Hospital Speising, Vienna, Austria
| | - Werner Girsch
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Ganger
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Orthopaedic Hospital Speising, Vienna, Austria
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3
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Okazaki S, Sasaki T, Yasuda S, Abe M, Yoshida N, Yoshida R, Ishibashi K, Minami Y, Okumura S, Chiba S, Takei H, Hayashi R, Nagato T, Kobayashi H, Sugitani A, Ono Y, Mizukami Y, Kitada M, Ohsaki Y. The feasibility of circulating tumor DNA analysis as a marker of recurrence in triple-negative breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:420. [PMID: 33841581 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a poorer prognosis than other breast cancer subtypes; therefore, identifying markers of early recurrence is important. The present study aimed to establish a liquid biopsy protocol for droplet digital PCR-based detection of frequently mutated genes in patients with TNBC. Tumor DNA from 36 patients with TNBC who relapsed within 2 years after surgical resection was retrospectively analyzed. Somatic mutational profiles were evaluated using targeted sequencing to identify frequently mutated genes and genes associated with molecularly targeted therapies. The association between genetic alterations and associated protein phosphorylation was investigated using immunohistochemical analysis. Recurrent hot spot mutations in the plasma were monitored over time. Mutation-specific probes were used to successfully detect mutations in the blood samples of patients who were positive for PIK3CA H1047R and AKT1 E17K mutations. Somatic mutations in AKT1 (14.9%) and PIK3CA (25.5%) were frequently identified in the data. Robust phosphorylation of AKT and S6RP was more common in tumors with PIK3CA H1047R and AKT1 E17K mutational background than in tumors with wild-type PIK3CA and AKT1. In conclusion, the present study evaluated a high-sensitivity detection system for frequently mutated genes that was also applicable for cell-free DNA. The PI3K/AKT pathway was revealed to be activated in patients harboring PIK3CA H1047R and AKT1 E17K mutations; therefore, the PI3K/AKT pathway may be a promising candidate for targeted therapy in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Okazaki
- Respiratory Center, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan.,Breast Center, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Takaaki Sasaki
- Respiratory Center, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yasuda
- Respiratory Center, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan.,Breast Center, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiro Abe
- Respiratory Center, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan.,Breast Center, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Nana Yoshida
- Respiratory Center, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan.,Breast Center, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Ryohei Yoshida
- Respiratory Center, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Kei Ishibashi
- Respiratory Center, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan.,Breast Center, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Minami
- Respiratory Center, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Okumura
- Respiratory Center, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Shinichi Chiba
- Center for Advanced Research and Education, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Takei
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Hayashi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nagato
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroya Kobayashi
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Ayumu Sugitani
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido 065-0033, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ono
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido 065-0033, Japan
| | - Yusuke Mizukami
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido 065-0033, Japan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kitada
- Respiratory Center, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan.,Breast Center, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Ohsaki
- Respiratory Center, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
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4
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Long S, Berkemeier B. Development and optimization of a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240447. [PMID: 33035247 PMCID: PMC7546489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate and sensitive quantification of rebound competent HIV that persists despite combination antiretroviral treatment (cART), including in latently infected cells (i.e., viral reservoir), is critical for evaluating cure strategies for decreasing or eliminating this reservoir. Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected Rhesus macaques are an important non-human primate (NHP) system for studying potential cure strategies as they model many key aspects of human HIV-infection including the persistence of a latent viral reservoir in resting memory CD4+ T cells in animals receiving prolonged cART. In this report, we describe the design and testing of a sensitive SIV droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay through exploring the combination and optimization of different probe systems (including single, double quencher probes and minor groove binder (MGB) probes) and reaction conditions to eliminate background signal(s), ensure distinct target signal cluster separation from non-target signals, and enable detection and quantification of low level authentic target signals. Similar reaction conditions and assay validation procedures can be explored for potential development of additional assays for other applications that require sensitive detection of low-level targets in a large background of nucleic acid input derived from cell or tissue sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Long
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Brian Berkemeier
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
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5
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Chen Y, Huang L, Dong Y, Tao C, Zhang R, Shao H, Shen H. Effect of AKT1 (p. E17K) Hotspot Mutation on Malignant Tumorigenesis and Prognosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:573599. [PMID: 33123537 PMCID: PMC7573235 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.573599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The substitution of the seventeenth amino acid glutamate by lysine in the homologous structural domain of the Akt1 gene pleckstrin is a somatic cellular mutation found in breast, colorectal, and ovarian cancers, named p. Glu17Lys or E17K. In recent years, a growing number of studies have suggested that this mutation may play a unique role in the development of tumors. In this review article, we describe how AKT1(E17K) mutations stimulate downstream signals that cause cells to emerge transformed; we explore the differential regulation and function of E17K in different physiological and pathological settings; and we also describe the phenomenon that E17K impedes tumor growth by interfering with growth-promoting and chemotherapy-resistant AKT1lowQCC generation, an intriguing finding that mutants may prolong tumor patient survival by activating feedback mechanisms and disrupting transcription. This review is intended to provide a better understanding of the role of AKT1(E17K) in cancer and to inform the development of AKT1(E17K)-based antitumor strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjian Dong
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changli Tao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongxin Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Shao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han Shen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Smyth LM, Tamura K, Oliveira M, Ciruelos EM, Mayer IA, Sablin MP, Biganzoli L, Ambrose HJ, Ashton J, Barnicle A, Cashell DD, Corcoran C, de Bruin EC, Foxley A, Hauser J, Lindemann JPO, Maudsley R, McEwen R, Moschetta M, Pass M, Rowlands V, Schiavon G, Banerji U, Scaltriti M, Taylor BS, Chandarlapaty S, Baselga J, Hyman DM. Capivasertib, an AKT Kinase Inhibitor, as Monotherapy or in Combination with Fulvestrant in Patients with AKT1 E17K-Mutant, ER-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:3947-3957. [PMID: 32312891 PMCID: PMC7415507 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-3953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The activating mutation AKT1 E17K occurs in approximately 7% of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) metastatic breast cancer (MBC). We report, from a multipart, first-in-human, phase I study (NCT01226316), tolerability and activity of capivasertib, an oral AKT inhibitor, as monotherapy or combined with fulvestrant in expansion cohorts of patients with AKT1 E17K-mutant ER+ MBC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with an AKT1 E17K mutation, detected by local (next-generation sequencing) or central (plasma-based BEAMing) testing, received capivasertib 480 mg twice daily, 4 days on, 3 days off, weekly or 400 mg twice daily combined with fulvestrant at the labeled dose. Study endpoints included safety, objective response rate (ORR; RECIST v1.1), progression-free survival (PFS), and clinical benefit rate at 24 weeks (CBR24). Biomarker analyses were conducted in the combination cohort. RESULTS From October 2013 to August 2018, 63 heavily pretreated patients received capivasertib (20 monotherapy, 43 combination). ORR was 20% with monotherapy, and within the combination cohort was 36% in fulvestrant-pretreated and 20% in fulvestrant-naïve patients, although the latter group may have had more aggressive disease at baseline. AKT1 E17K mutations were detectable in plasma by BEAMing (95%, 41/43), droplet digital PCR (80%, 33/41), and next-generation sequencing (76%, 31/41). A ≥50% decrease in AKT1 E17K at cycle 2 day 1 was associated with improved PFS. Combination therapy appeared more tolerable than monotherapy [most frequent grade ≥3 adverse events: rash (9% vs. 20%), hyperglycemia (5% vs. 30%), diarrhea (5% vs. 10%)]. CONCLUSIONS Capivasertib demonstrated clinically meaningful activity in heavily pretreated patients with AKT1 E17K-mutant ER+ MBC, including those with prior disease progression on fulvestrant. Tolerability and activity appeared improved by the combination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mafalda Oliveira
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Laura Biganzoli
- Breast Centre, Oncology Department, Hospital of Prato, Prato, Italy
| | | | - Jack Ashton
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Barnicle
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Des D Cashell
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Andrew Foxley
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joana Hauser
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Robert McEwen
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Martin Pass
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gaia Schiavon
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Udai Banerji
- Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Barry S Taylor
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - José Baselga
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - David M Hyman
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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7
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Akt-targeted therapy as a promising strategy to overcome drug resistance in breast cancer - A comprehensive review from chemotherapy to immunotherapy. Pharmacol Res 2020; 156:104806. [PMID: 32294525 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently occurring cancer in women. Chemotherapy in combination with immunotherapy has been used to treat breast cancer. Atezolizumab targeting the protein programmed cell death-ligand (PD-L1) in combination with paclitaxel was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC), the most incurable type of breast cancer. However, the use of such drugs is restricted by genotype and is effective only for those TNBC patients expressing PD-L1. In addition, resistance to chemotherapy with drugs such as lapatinib, geftinib, and tamoxifen can develop. In this review, we address chemoresistance in breast cancer and discuss Akt as the master regulator of drug resistance and several oncogenic mechanisms in breast cancer. Akt not only directly interacts with the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathway to affect PD-L1 expression, but also has crosstalk with Notch and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways involved in cell migration and breast cancer stem cell integrity. In this review, we discuss the effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on Akt activation as well as the mechanism of Akt signaling in drug resistance. Akt also has a crucial role in mitochondrial metabolism and migrates into mitochondria to remodel breast cancer cell metabolism while also functioning in responses to hypoxic conditions. The Akt inhibitors ipatasertib, capivasertib, uprosertib, and MK-2206 not only suppress cancer cell proliferation and metastasis, but may also inhibit cytokine regulation and PD-L1 expression. Ipatasertib and uprosertib are undergoing clinical investigation to treat TNBC. Inhibition of Akt and its regulators can be used to control breast cancer progression and also immunosuppression, while discovery of additional compounds that target Akt and its modulators could provide solutions to resistance to chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
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8
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Thirumal Kumar D, Jain N, Evangeline J, Kamaraj B, Siva R, Zayed H, George Priya Doss C. A computational approach for investigating the mutational landscape of RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT1) and screening inhibitors against the oncogenic E17K mutation causing breast cancer. Comput Biol Med 2019; 115:103513. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2019.103513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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9
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Chan CWH, Law BMH, So WKW, Chow KM, Waye MMY. Novel Strategies on Personalized Medicine for Breast Cancer Treatment: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112423. [PMID: 29140300 PMCID: PMC5713391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer type among women worldwide. With breast cancer patients and survivors being reported to experience a repertoire of symptoms that are detrimental to their quality of life, the development of breast cancer treatment strategies that are effective with minimal side effects is therefore required. Personalized medicine, the treatment process that is tailored to the individual needs of each patient, is recently gaining increasing attention for its prospect in the development of effective cancer treatment regimens. Indeed, recent studies have identified a number of genes and molecules that may be used as biomarkers for predicting drug response and severity of common cancer-associated symptoms. These would provide useful clues not only for the determination of the optimal drug choice/dosage to be used in personalized treatment, but also for the identification of gene or molecular targets for the development of novel symptom management strategies, which ultimately would lead to the development of more personalized therapies for effective cancer treatment. In this article, recent studies that would provide potential new options for personalized therapies for breast cancer patients and survivors are reviewed. We suggest novel strategies, including the optimization of drug choice/dosage and the identification of genetic changes that are associated with cancer symptom occurrence and severity, which may help in enhancing the effectiveness and acceptability of the currently available cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen W H Chan
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, The New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Bernard M H Law
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, The New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Winnie K W So
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, The New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ka Ming Chow
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, The New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Mary M Y Waye
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, The New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
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