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Vitale R, Marzocco S, Popolo A. Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity: A Brief Account. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7477. [PMID: 39000584 PMCID: PMC11242665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity is the main side effect of several chemotherapeutic drugs. Doxorubicin (Doxo) is one of the most used anthracyclines in the treatment of many tumors, but the development of acute and chronic cardiotoxicity limits its clinical usefulness. Different studies focused only on the effects of long-term Doxo administration, but recent data show that cardiomyocyte damage is an early event induced by Doxo after a single administration that can be followed by progressive functional decline, leading to overt heart failure. The knowledge of molecular mechanisms involved in the early stage of Doxo-induced cardiotoxicity is of paramount importance to treating and/or preventing it. This review aims to illustrate several mechanisms thought to underlie Doxo-induced cardiotoxicity, such as oxidative and nitrosative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, here we report data from both in vitro and in vivo studies indicating new therapeutic strategies to prevent Doxo-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ada Popolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (R.V.); (S.M.)
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2
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Shi S, Chen Y, Luo Z, Nie G, Dai Y. Role of oxidative stress and inflammation-related signaling pathways in doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:61. [PMID: 36918950 PMCID: PMC10012797 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01077-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a powerful and commonly used chemotherapeutic drug, used alone or in combination in a variety of cancers, while it has been found to cause serious cardiac side effects in clinical application. More and more researchers are trying to explore the molecular mechanisms of DOX-induced cardiomyopathy (DIC), in which oxidative stress and inflammation are considered to play a significant role. This review summarizes signaling pathways related to oxidative stress and inflammation in DIC and compounds that exert cardioprotective effects by acting on relevant signaling pathways, including the role of Nrf2/Keap1/ARE, Sirt1/p66Shc, Sirt1/PPAR/PGC-1α signaling pathways and NOS, NOX, Fe2+ signaling in oxidative stress, as well as the role of NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD, HMGB1/TLR4/MAPKs/NF-κB, mTOR/TFEB/NF-κB pathways in DOX-induced inflammation. Hence, we attempt to explain the mechanisms of DIC in terms of oxidative stress and inflammation, and to provide a theoretical basis or new idea for further drug research on reducing DIC. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saixian Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China.,School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China.,School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhijian Luo
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Guojun Nie
- The First Outpatient Department of People's Liberation Army Western Theater General Hospital, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yan Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China.
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Urrutia PJ, Bórquez DA, Núñez MT. Inflaming the Brain with Iron. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010061. [PMID: 33419006 PMCID: PMC7825317 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron accumulation and neuroinflammation are pathological conditions found in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Iron and inflammation are intertwined in a bidirectional relationship, where iron modifies the inflammatory phenotype of microglia and infiltrating macrophages, and in turn, these cells secrete diffusible mediators that reshape neuronal iron homeostasis and regulate iron entry into the brain. Secreted inflammatory mediators include cytokines and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), notably hepcidin and nitric oxide (·NO). Hepcidin is a small cationic peptide with a central role in regulating systemic iron homeostasis. Also present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), hepcidin can reduce iron export from neurons and decreases iron entry through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by binding to the iron exporter ferroportin 1 (Fpn1). Likewise, ·NO selectively converts cytosolic aconitase (c-aconitase) into the iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1), which regulates cellular iron homeostasis through its binding to iron response elements (IRE) located in the mRNAs of iron-related proteins. Nitric oxide-activated IRP1 can impair cellular iron homeostasis during neuroinflammation, triggering iron accumulation, especially in the mitochondria, leading to neuronal death. In this review, we will summarize findings that connect neuroinflammation and iron accumulation, which support their causal association in the neurodegenerative processes observed in AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J. Urrutia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, 7800024 Santiago, Chile;
| | - Daniel A. Bórquez
- Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Diego Portales, 8370007 Santiago, Chile;
| | - Marco Tulio Núñez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, 7800024 Santiago, Chile;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-2-29787360
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Bunik VI. Redox-Driven Signaling: 2-Oxo Acid Dehydrogenase Complexes as Sensors and Transmitters of Metabolic Imbalance. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1911-1947. [PMID: 30187773 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE This article develops a holistic view on production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes. Recent Advances: Catalytic and structural properties of the complexes and their components evolved to minimize damaging effects of side reactions, including ROS generation, simultaneously exploiting the reactions for homeostatic signaling. CRITICAL ISSUES Side reactions of the complexes, characterized in vitro, are analyzed in view of protein interactions and conditions in vivo. Quantitative data support prevalence of the forward 2-oxo acid oxidation over the backward NADH oxidation in feeding physiologically significant ROS production by the complexes. Special focus on interactions between the active sites within 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes highlights the central relevance of the complex-bound thiyl radicals in regulation of and signaling by complex-generated ROS. The thiyl radicals arise when dihydrolipoyl residues of the complexes regenerate FADH2 from the flavin semiquinone coproduced with superoxide anion radical in 1e- oxidation of FADH2 by molecular oxygen. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Interaction of 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes with thioredoxins (TRXs), peroxiredoxins, and glutaredoxins mediates scavenging of the thiyl radicals and ROS generated by the complexes, underlying signaling of disproportional availability of 2-oxo acids, CoA, and NAD+ in key metabolic branch points through thiol/disulfide exchange and medically important hypoxia-inducible factor, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, and sirtuins. High reactivity of the coproduced ROS and thiyl radicals to iron/sulfur clusters and nitric oxide, peroxynitrite reductase activity of peroxiredoxins and transnitrosylating function of thioredoxin, implicate the side reactions of 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes in nitric oxide-dependent signaling and damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria I Bunik
- 1 Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,2 Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Joppe K, Roser AE, Maass F, Lingor P. The Contribution of Iron to Protein Aggregation Disorders in the Central Nervous System. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:15. [PMID: 30723395 PMCID: PMC6350163 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The homeostasis of iron is of fundamental importance in the central nervous system (CNS) to ensure biological processes such as oxygen transport, mitochondrial respiration or myelin synthesis. Dyshomeostasis and accumulation of iron can be observed during aging and both are shared characteristics of several neurodegenerative diseases. Iron-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may lead to protein aggregation and cellular toxicity. The process of misfolding and aggregation of neuronal proteins such as α-synuclein, Tau, amyloid beta (Aβ), TDP-43 or SOD1 is a common hallmark of many neurodegenerative disorders and iron has been shown to facilitate protein aggregation. Thus, both, iron and aggregating proteins are proposed to amplify their detrimental effects in the disease state. In this review, we give an overview on effects of iron on aggregation of different proteins involved in neurodegeneration. Furthermore, we discuss the proposed mechanisms of iron-mediated toxicity and protein aggregation emphasizing the red-ox chemistry and protein-binding properties of iron. Finally, we address current therapeutic approaches harnessing iron chelation as a disease-modifying intervention in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Joppe
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna-Elisa Roser
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fabian Maass
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Paul Lingor
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen, Germany.,Rechts der Isar Hospital, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Elfakhri KH, Duong QV, Langley C, Depaula A, Mousa YM, Lebeouf T, Cain C, Kaddoumi A. Characterization of Hit Compounds Identified from High-throughput Screening for their Effect on Blood-brain Barrier Integrity and Amyloid-β Clearance: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Neuroscience 2018; 379:269-280. [PMID: 29596966 PMCID: PMC5924725 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD) the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is compromised, thus therapeutic targeting of the BBB to enhance its integrity and function could be a unique approach to treat, slow or hold the progression of AD. Recently, we have developed an in vitro high-throughput screening assay to screen for compounds that increase the integrity of a cell-based BBB model. Results from primary screen identified multiple hit compounds that enhanced the monolayer integrity. Herein, further characterization of selected hit compounds, namely 8-bromoguanosine cyclic monophosphate, JW74, 1,10-phenanthroline monohydrate, SB216763 and α-tocopherol was performed. Compounds were subjected to concentration-dependent studies to determine their EC50 and potency to enhance the cell-based model integrity by the Lucifer Yellow permeability and amyloid-beta (Aβ) transport across the monolayer. The compounds demonstrated different EC50s to enhance the monolayer integrity ranging from 0.4 to 12.8 µM, and different effect on enhancing Aβ transport with highest transport observed for α-tocopherol (2.2-fold increase). Such effects were associated with increased levels of tight junction proteins such as claudin-5 and/or ZO-1, and Aβ major transport proteins LRP1 and P-glycoprotein. In vivo studies for α-tocopherol were performed in AD mouse model; consistent with the in vitro results α-tocopherol significantly increased BBB integrity measured by IgG extravasation, and reduced brain Aβ levels. In conclusion, findings support our developed cell-based BBB model as a functional predictive in vivo tool to select hit compounds, and suggest that enhancing BBB tightness and function has the potential to reduce Aβ pathology associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled H Elfakhri
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Quoc-Viet Duong
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Courtney Langley
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Ashley Depaula
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Youssef M Mousa
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Trista Lebeouf
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Courtney Cain
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Amal Kaddoumi
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA.
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