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Ruiz S, Galdames P, Baumberger C, Gonzalez MA, Rojas C, Oyarzun C, Orozco K, Mattar C, Freiden P, Sharp B, Schultz-Cherry S, Hamilton-West C, Jimenez-Bluhm P. Remote Sensing and Ecological Variables Related to Influenza A Prevalence and Subtype Diversity in Wild Birds in the Lluta Wetland of Northern Chile. Viruses 2023; 15:1241. [PMID: 37376541 DOI: 10.3390/v15061241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Lluta River is the northernmost coastal wetland in Chile, representing a unique ecosystem and an important source of water in the extremely arid Atacama Desert. During peak season, the wetland is home to more than 150 species of wild birds and is the first stopover point for many migratory species that arrive in the country along the Pacific migratory route, thereby representing a priority site for avian influenza virus (AIV) surveillance in Chile. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of influenza A virus (IAV) in the Lluta River wetland, identify subtype diversity, and evaluate ecological and environmental factors that drive the prevalence at the study site. The wetland was studied and sampled from September 2015 to October 2020. In each visit, fresh fecal samples of wild birds were collected for IAV detection by real-time RT-PCR. Furthermore, a count of wild birds present at the site was performed and environmental variables, such as temperature, rainfall, vegetation coverage (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index-NDVI), and water body size were determined. A generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was built to assess the association between AIV prevalence and explanatory variables. Influenza positive samples were sequenced, and the host species was determined by barcoding. Of the 4349 samples screened during the study period, overall prevalence in the wetland was 2.07% (95% CI: 1.68 to 2.55) and monthly prevalence of AIV ranged widely from 0% to 8.6%. Several hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) subtypes were identified, and 10 viruses were isolated and sequenced, including low pathogenic H5, H7, and H9 strains. In addition, several reservoir species were recognized (both migratory and resident birds), including the newly identified host Chilean flamingo (Phoenicopterus chilensis). Regarding environmental variables, prevalence of AIV was positively associated with NDVI (OR = 3.65, p < 0.05) and with the abundance of migratory birds (OR = 3.57, p < 0.05). These results emphasize the importance of the Lluta wetland as a gateway to Chile for viruses that come from the Northern Hemisphere and contribute to the understanding of AIV ecological drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Ruiz
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8330111, Chile
| | - Pablo Galdames
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8330111, Chile
| | - Cecilia Baumberger
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8330111, Chile
| | - Maria Antonieta Gonzalez
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8330111, Chile
| | - Camila Rojas
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8330111, Chile
| | - Cristobal Oyarzun
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8330111, Chile
| | - Katherinne Orozco
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8330111, Chile
| | - Cristian Mattar
- Laboratory for Analysis of the Biosphere (LAB), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8330111, Chile
| | - Pamela Freiden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Bridgette Sharp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Christopher Hamilton-West
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8330111, Chile
| | - Pedro Jimenez-Bluhm
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
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Ware L, Hipfner JM, Green DJ. Satellite telemetry reveals habitat selection decisions by black oystercatchers across seasonal, diel, and tidal cycles. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9957. [PMID: 37038524 PMCID: PMC10082171 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Habitat use of indicator species is used to prioritize management activities. However, habitat use can vary temporally in response to changes in predation risk and foraging rewards. We deployed satellite tags on 20 black oystercatchers (Haematopus bachmani) in four regions of British Columbia, Canada, to examine habitat use and selection decisions across seasonal, diel and tidal cycles. We characterized the shoreline in each region and used GLMMs to investigate how habitat characteristics influenced shoreline use by tracked birds. For individuals, we estimated home range size and the frequency key features of the shoreline were re-visited. Black oystercatchers generally made greater-than-expected use of rocky islets and shoreline with freshwater outflows, less tree cover and greater intertidal area. However, while black oystercatchers preferred islets and shoreline with less tree cover at most/all time periods, they only exhibited preferences for greater intertidal area during low tides, and preferences for shoreline with freshwater outflows during the nonbreeding season, day, and high tides. Individual home ranges, on average, contained 46 km of shoreline (range: 12-156 km) and individuals used 10.4 km (range: 6.7-13.9 km). Individuals made greater use of larger islets with less tree cover that were closer to outflows, and greater use of outflows associated with larger streams, greater intertidal areas and gravel substrates. Black oystercatchers' habitat preferences likely reduce predation risk (rocky islets and shoreline with less tree cover) and increase foraging rewards (shoreline with freshwater outflows, greater intertidal area, and gravel substrates). However, habitat preferences appear sensitive to constraints on movement in the breeding season and changes in foraging rewards across the diel and tidal cycle, highlighting the importance of examining habitat use at multiple temporal scales. Black oystercatchers are considered indicators of rocky intertidal health; therefore, critical habitat is expected to be important for a suite of wildlife dependent on safe and productive coastline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Ware
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Wildlife EcologySimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Environment and Climate Change CanadaCanadian Wildlife Service, Northern RegionWhitehorseYukonCanada
| | - John Mark Hipfner
- Environment and Climate Change CanadaScience and Technology Branch, Pacific Wildlife Research CentreDeltaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - David J. Green
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Wildlife EcologySimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
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Ševčík R, Kloubec B, Riegert J, Šindelář J, Kouba M, Zárybnická M. Forest structure determines nest box use by Central European boreal owls. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4735. [PMID: 35304569 PMCID: PMC8933568 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08792-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nest boxes represent a popular tool to support secondary cavity-nesting species. Surprisingly, the benefits and limitations of nest boxes for target species in different environments are poorly understood. We performed a 3-years experimental study in two different Central European forests to evaluate nest box use and breeding performance of boreal owl (Aegolius funereus) — a species well known for its readiness to occupy nest boxes. Based on territorial vocalisation, two boreal owl populations 200 km apart were similarly abundant in their environments. However, only the boreal owl population in young restored Norway (Picea abies) and blue (Picea pungens) spruce-dominated forests on mountain plateaus readily occupied nest boxes with the occupancy reaching 8–15%. Nest boxes lost their supporting function for the boreal owl in mature Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris)-dominated forests in the lowland, where the nest box occupancy reached 0–1%. As a result, the population of boreal owls that used nest boxes in the young restored forests produced 10 times more fledglings than the population inhabiting mature Scots pine forests. We explain the differences by the contrasting availability of natural tree cavities between the two study areas being much higher in mature Scots pine forests. For the first time, this study documents differences in nest box use despite similar food availability and population size of the target species. The study provides the findings-related recommendations for deploying nest boxes for boreal owls and points out a general lack of practical guides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Ševčík
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Bohuslav Kloubec
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Riegert
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Šindelář
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Kouba
- Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Zárybnická
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic.
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Cloyed CS, Wilson RM, Balmer BC, Hohn AA, Schwacke LH, Zolman ES, Tumlin MC, Wells RS, Barleycorn AA, Allen JB, Carmichael RH. Specialization of a mobile, apex predator affects trophic coupling among adjacent habitats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19611. [PMID: 34608172 PMCID: PMC8490471 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99017-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mobile, apex predators are commonly assumed to stabilize food webs through trophic coupling across spatially distinct habitats. The assumption that trophic coupling is common remains largely untested, despite evidence that individual behaviors might limit trophic coupling. We used stable isotope data from common bottlenose dolphins across the Gulf of Mexico to determine if these apex predators coupled estuarine and adjacent, nearshore marine habitats. δ13C values differed among the sites, likely driven by environmental factors that varied at each site, such as freshwater input and seagrass cover. Within most sites, δ13C values differed such that dolphins sampled in the upper reaches of embayments had values indicative of estuarine habitats while those sampled outside or in lower reaches of embayments had values indicative of marine habitats. δ15N values were more similar among and within sites than δ13C values. Data from multiple tissues within individuals corroborated that most dolphins consistently used a narrow range of habitats but fed at similar trophic levels in estuarine and marine habitats. Because these dolphins exhibited individual habitat specialization, they likely do not contribute to trophic coupling between estuarine and adjacent marine habitats at a regional scale, suggesting that not all mobile, apex predators trophically couple adjacent habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl S Cloyed
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island, AL, 36528, USA. .,Department of Marine Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA.
| | - Rachel M Wilson
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Brian C Balmer
- National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, CA, 92106, USA
| | - Aleta A Hohn
- NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Beaufort, NC, 28516, USA
| | - Lori H Schwacke
- National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, CA, 92106, USA
| | - Eric S Zolman
- National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, CA, 92106, USA
| | - Mandy C Tumlin
- Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Randall S Wells
- Chicago Zoological Society's Sarasota Dolphin Research Program, c/o Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL, 34236, USA
| | - Aaron A Barleycorn
- Chicago Zoological Society's Sarasota Dolphin Research Program, c/o Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL, 34236, USA
| | - Jason B Allen
- Chicago Zoological Society's Sarasota Dolphin Research Program, c/o Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL, 34236, USA
| | - Ruth H Carmichael
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island, AL, 36528, USA.,Department of Marine Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
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Ševčík R, Riegert J, Šťastný K, Zárybnický J, Zárybnická M. The effect of environmental variables on owl distribution in Central Europe: A case study from the Czech Republic. ECOL INFORM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2021.101375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Choi WS, Sung HC, Park JC, Kim WY. A first study on home range and habitat characteristics of a tawny owl breeding pair: a case study using direct tracking in the Korean Peninsula. JOURNAL OF ASIA-PACIFIC BIODIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japb.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Liu T, Xu Y, Mo B, Shi J, Cheng Y, Zhang W, Lei F. Home range size and habitat use of the blue-crowned laughingthrush during the breeding season. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8785. [PMID: 32341888 PMCID: PMC7182022 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The home range size and habitat use of the blue-crowned laughingthrush (Garrulax courtoisi, hereafter BCLT), a critically endangered, subtropical, cooperative-breeding bird species in southeast China, were studied during its breeding period using radio telemetry at different sites during 3 consecutive years (2016-18, from May to June of each year). A total of 17 birds (12 males, four females, and one of unknown sex) were tagged, and a total 1515 locations (mean ± se = 89.12 ± 11.42) were obtained over 54 days of tracking. The average 100% minimum convex polygon (MCP) home range size was 10.05 ± 1.17 ha, and the estimated KDE core area (fiexed kernel density estimator, KDE) size was 7.84 ± 1.18 ha. According to the Wilcoxon rank sum tests, both the 100% MCP and KDE core area size of males did not significantly differ from those of females. There were no significant differences in the 100% MCP or KDE core area sizes of the three breeding sites. The available habitats in the breeding sites included water areas, shrubs, grass plots, woodland, residential areas, vegetable field, farmland, and sandy beaches; among them, only woodland was significantly preferred by BCLTs. Woodland (average use ratio was 45.86 ± 1.74%) was strongly preferred by BCLTs for nesting, foraging and roosting. Shrubs/grass plots (24.72 ± 3.39%) and vegetable plots (11.80 ± 1.83%) were used relatively more often than the other habitats, except woodland, since shrubs were always used as perches, and vegetable plots were rich in food resources. Vertically, the canopy layer was used most often from April to June, but it was used most in May when the birds were hatching and brooding. This result indicates that BCLT is predominantly active in the upper strata during the breeding season. In addition, broadleaved trees within or adjacent to villages were important activity areas for the breeding birds; protection and management measures should be increased in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yongtao Xu
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bai Mo
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jinze Shi
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yachang Cheng
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany.,University of Konstanz, Department of Biology, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fumin Lei
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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