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Azadehrah M, Azadehrah M, Zeinali F, Nokhostin F. Prevalence of Trichomonas Infection in Relation to Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in Pap Smear Samples of Female Patients Referred to Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Yazd (Iran). Cureus 2024; 16:e57701. [PMID: 38711704 PMCID: PMC11070897 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Human papillomavirus (HPV) and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) infections have been proposed as risk factors for cervical cancer. This study has been conducted with the aim of investigating the prevalence of TV and its relationship with HPV in women who underwent Pap smear testing as part of cancer screenings. Materials and methods The sampling of liquid-based cervical tissue was conducted among 500 women referred to the women's clinic of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd, Iran. The studied samples were examined for Pap smear tests and microscopic identification of TV, as well as HPV-DNA detection and the determination of high-risk and low-risk HPV types by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The results were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 24 (Released 2016; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York) software. Results The individuals included in the study were 16-72 years old. The prevalence rate of TV infection in this population was found to be 29.2%, and the frequency rate of HPV was reported to be approximately 19.4%, with high-risk HPV, including HPV-56, having the highest frequency. The Pap smear test results were reported as abnormal in 20.2%, and a significant correlation was observed between HPV infection and an abnormal Pap smear test (P < 0.05). In addition, a notable correlation was detected between TV infection and high-risk and low-risk HPV (P < 0.05). Conclusion According to the significant relationship found between the two pathogens, TV and HPV, in the abnormal Pap smear test results, TV infection can be considered a risk factor for HPV infection, as well as uterine lesions and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Azadehrah
- Cancer Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IRN
| | - Mahboobeh Azadehrah
- Cancer Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IRN
| | - Fatemeh Zeinali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IRN
| | - Fahimeh Nokhostin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IRN
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A D, Li J, Zhang D, Xiao B, Bi H. Status of common sexually transmitted infection in population referred for colposcopy and correlation with human papillomavirus infection. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:579. [PMID: 37940891 PMCID: PMC10634156 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02693-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the prevalence of common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and the association of STI/human papillomavirus co-infection in young and middle-aged women with previous abnormal cervical findings referred for colposcopy. METHODS 719 cervical-swab cytobrush specimens were obtained from women aged ≤ 50 years who were referred for colposcopy at Peking University First Hospital due to previous abnormal cervical findings. HPV 21 typing and a panel of pathogenic STIs were tested for using the 21 HPV GenoArray Diagnostic Kit (HBGA-21PKG; HybriBio, Ltd., Chaozhou, China) and a nucleic acid STI detection kit (HybriBio Ltd. Guangzhou, China), after which colposcopy with multipoint positioning biopsy was performed. RESULTS The overall prevalence of STIs among HPV positive women with previous abnormal cervical cancer screening results was 63.7% (458/719), with Ureaplasma parvum serovar 3, Ureaplasma parvum serovar 6 and herpes simplex virus type 2 having significantly higher prevalence among high-risk HPV positive patients (19.3%, Χ2 = 5.725, P = 0.018; 21.5%, Χ2 = 4.439, P = 0.035; 5.7%, Χ2 = 4.184, P = 0.048). Among patients positive for the high-risk human papillomavirus, the prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection in human papillomavirus 16/18 positive patients was significantly higher than that in other patients (2.5%, Χ2 = 4.675; P = 0.043). Histopathologically, Chlamydia trachomatis infection was more frequently detected in lower than or equal to low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion infection status (13.0%, Χ2 = 3.368; P = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of HPV coinfection with other sexually transmitted pathogens, particularly Ureaplasma parvum serovar 3, Ureaplasma parvum serovar 6, and herpes simplex virus type 2, calls for routine STI screening and effective STI prevention and management in patients with abnormal cervical cancer screening results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disi A
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jiayue Li
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dai Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Bingbing Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Hui Bi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
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Li T, Liu Z, Zhang D, Liao Q, Fan S, Hao M, Hong Y, Huang X, Wang H, Xiong Z, Xu H, Xue F, Xue M, Yang X, Zhang J. Prevalence of and risk factors for chlamydia in female outpatients with genital tract infections: a nationwide multi-center, cross-sectional study in China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1182108. [PMID: 37397732 PMCID: PMC10311204 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1182108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chlamydia trachomatis is the etiological agent of the commonest sexually transmitted bacterial infection. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of genital chlamydia and associated risk factors in Chinese female outpatients with genital tract infections. Methods A prospective, multicenter epidemiological study of genital chlamydia prevalence in 3008 patients with genital tract infections in 13 hospitals in 12 provinces of China was performed between May 2017 and November 2018. Vaginal secretion specimens were collected for the clinical diagnosis of vaginitis, whereas cervical secretion specimens were tested for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. All patients participated in a one-on-one cross-sectional questionnaire interview. Results Totally 2,908 participants were included. The prevalence rates of chlamydia and gonococcal infections in women with genital tract infections were 6.33% (184/2908) and 0.01% (20/2908), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed high risk factors for chlamydia were premarital sex behavior, first sexual intercourse before the age of 20 and bacterial vaginosis. Discussion Given that most chlamydia cases are asymptomatic and no vaccine is currently available, chlamydia prevention strategies should include behavioral interventions as well as early screening programs to identify and treat individuals with genital tract infections, especially those with the above identified risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohui Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dai Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qinping Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shangrong Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Hao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ying Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiufeng Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huilan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhengai Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Fengxia Xue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Xue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xingsheng Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qinghai Red Cross Hospital, Xining, China
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Feng F, Hou YM, Zhang Y, Wang LY, Li PP, Guo Y, An RF. Correlation analysis of vaginal microecology and different types of human papillomavirus infection: a study conducted at a hospital in northwest China. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1138507. [PMID: 37324149 PMCID: PMC10267365 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1138507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vaginal microecology has a definite influence on human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and clearance, but the specific correlation is still controversial. This research aimed to investigate the differences in the vaginal microenvironment of different types of HPV infection and also provide data supporting clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods According to strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, the case data of 2,358 female patients who underwent vaginal microecology and HPV-DNA tests at the same time in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from May 2021 to March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The population was divided into two groups: an HPV-positive group and an HPV-negative group. HPV-positive patients were further classified into HPV16/18-positive group and HPV other subtypes positive group. The vaginal microecology of HPV-infected patients was analyzed using the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and logistic regression. Results Among the 2,358 female patients, the HPV infection rate was 20.27% (478/2,358), of which the HPV16/18 infection rate was 25.73% (123/478), and the HPV other subtypes infection rate was 74.27% (355/478). The difference in HPV infection rates between the age groups was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The prevalence of mixed vaginitis was 14.37% (339/2,358), with bacterial vaginosis (BV) paired with aerobic vaginitis (AV) accounting for the majority (66.37%). The difference in HPV infection rates among mixed vaginitis was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The prevalence of single vaginitis was 24.22% (571/2,358), with the most frequent being vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC; 47.29%, 270/571), and there was a significant difference in HPV infection rates among single vaginitis (P < 0.001). Patients with BV had a higher risk of being positive for HPV16/18 (OR: 1.815, 95% CI: 1.050-3.139) and other subtypes (OR: 1.830, 95% CI: 1.254-2.669). Patients with Trichomoniasis were at higher odds of other HPV subtype infections (OR: 1.857, 95% CI: 1.004-3.437). On the contrary, patients with VVC had lower odds of becoming infected with other HPV subtypes (OR: 0.562, 95% CI: 0.380-0.831). Conclusion There were disparities in HPV infection among different age groups; therefore, we should pay attention to the prevention and treatment of susceptible individuals. BV and Trichomoniasis are linked to HPV infection; hence, restoring the balance of vaginal microecology could assist in the prevention of HPV infection. As a protective factor for other HPV subtype infections, VVC may provide new insights into the development of immunotherapeutic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Feng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yue-min Hou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu-yuan Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pei-pei Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui-fang An
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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The association of Chlamydia trachomatis and human papillomavirus co-infection with abnormal cervical cytology among women in south of Morocco. Microb Pathog 2023; 175:105971. [PMID: 36626946 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.105971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evidence indicates that human papillomavirus (HPV) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) co-infection increases the risk of developing cervical pathogenesis. This study aims to assess the prevalence and possible risk factors of CT and HPV/CT co-infection in women from South of Morocco with normal and abnormal cytology. METHODS Participants were recruited after signing an informed consent. Cervical samples were collected and analysed for the presence of HPV or CT. Detection of genomic DNA of both pathogens was performed by nested polymerase chain reaction. HPV genotypes defined by Sanger sequencing method. The association between demographic features and co-infection status was determined using a logistic regression model. A possible association between the presence of HPV and CT and cytological abnormality patterns was also investigated. RESULTS We recruited n = 438 women, aged between 18 and 86 years. Around 59% of participants underwent a pap smear test for the first-time. Genomic DNA of HPV, CT and HPV/CT co-infection was detected in 32.3%, 17.7%, and 13.4% of the total samples, respectively. The identified risk factors associated with CT infection were history of sexually transmitted infections and marital status. By contrast, only smoking was found to be associated with HPV/CT co-infection. Evidence showed that co-infection was associated with an increased risk of developing cervical abnormalities (OR 3.18, 95% CI 0.96-9.21; p = 0.040). CONCLUSION HPV and CT rates were high among the studied population. Evidence suggests that HPV/CT co-infected women were more susceptible to developing abnormal cytology.
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Detection and Genotyping of Papillomavirus by Real-Time PCR in Iraqi Patients. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid-121143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is linked to human papillomavirus (HPV). Globally, the prevalence and genotype distribution differ significantly. Objectives: The goal of this study was to find HPV 14, 16, 18, and 45 genotypes in urogenital swabs by using a real-time PCR amplification test for quantitative genotyping of HPV DNA types 16, 18, and 45 and for simultaneous quantitative detection of HPV DNA types 31, 33, 35, 39, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 68, for a total of 14 HPV genotypes. Methods: This case-control study included 86 cervical swabs from Iraqi women referred by the Al-Yarmook teaching hospital in Baghdad, Iraq. The ages of cases varied from 23 to 70 years and specimens were obtained between March 2020 and March 2021. The DNA was extracted for molecular assay. Fourteen HPV genotypes were detected using real-time PCR (16, 18, 45, 31, 33, 35, 39, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 68). The detection protocol was based on the commercial Kit V31-100/F FRT as follows. For each sample reaction, 10х(N+1) μL of PCR-mix-1-FRT HPV 14 was added into a new tube. Then, 5.0х(N+1) μL of PCR-mix-2 buffer and 0.5х(N+1) μL of TaqF DNA polymerase were added. The tubes were vortexed. Finally, the prepared tubes added 10 μL of DNA samples from test or control samples. The statistical analysis was conducted using the statistical package for SPSS and Excel 2016 software. Results: Genotype 16 had the highest frequency, followed by genotypes 45 (22%), 18 (14%), 35 and 59 (6%), 52 and 58 (4%), and 31 (2%), while genotypes 33, 39, 51, 56, 66, and 68 had the lowest frequency (1%). Conclusions: The real-time PCR was efficient for detecting and genotyping HPV-DNA and could help in earlier detection and clinical care of HPV-infected patients by reducing costs and workload.
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Changes of the vaginal microbiota in HPV infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: a cross-sectional analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2812. [PMID: 35181685 PMCID: PMC8857277 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06731-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the changes of the vaginal microbiota and enzymes in the women with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection and cervical lesions. A total of 448 participants were carried out HPV genotyping, cytology tests, and microecology tests, and 28 participants were treated as sub-samples, in which vaginal samples were characterized by sequencing the bacterial 16S V4 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene region. The study found the prevalence of HR-HPV was higher in patients with BV (P = 0.036). The HR-HPV infection rate was 72.73% in G. vaginalis women, which was significantly higher than that of women with lactobacillus as the dominant microbiota (44.72%) (P = 0.04). The positive rate of sialidase (SNA) was higher in women with HR-HPV infection (P = 0.004) and women diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) (P = 0.041). In HPV (+) women, the α-diversity was significantly higher than that in HPV (−) women. The 16S rRNA gene-based amplicon sequencing results showed that Lactobacillus was the dominant bacteria in the normal vaginal microbiota. However, the proportion of Gardnerella and Prevotella were markedly increased in HPV (+) patients. Gardnerella and Prevotella are the most high-risk combination for the development of HPV (+) women. The SNA secreted by Gardnerella and Prevotella may play a significant role in HPV infection progress to cervical lesions.
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Hu H, Zhou Y, Shi L, Lu J, Zhang Z, Xu X, Huan X, Fu G. High prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among women attending STD and gynecology clinics in Jiangsu province, China: A cross-sectional survey. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27599. [PMID: 34797283 PMCID: PMC8601320 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemics of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection among women are major global public health concerns. This study examined the prevalence of CT infection and associated factors among women attending sexually transmitted disease (STD) and gynecology clinics in Jiangsu province, China.A cross-sectional survey was conducted among women attending STD and gynecology clinics in the province during 2018 to 2019. Socio-demographic and behavioral information were collected through face-to-face questionnaire survey. Cervical swab specimens were collected to test for CT. Chi square tests were used to compare differences in CT prevalence between subgroups of characteristics. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with CT infection.A total of 2664 participants were enrolled. The prevalence of CT infection was 16.6% (95% confidence interval: 15.0%-18.1%). Of those, CT prevalence among participants from STD clinics (19.4%) and South Jiangsu (18.5%) were higher. Female outpatients who were service personnel (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.667, P = .004) or farmers (aOR = 1.593, P = .039), lived in South Jiangsu (aOR = 1.796, P = .004), and were from STD clinics (aOR = 1.608, P = .022) were more likely to infect CT.Our study showed a high prevalence of CT infection among women attending STD and gynecology clinics in Jiangsu province, China. CT screening, surveillance and treatment promotion should therefore be of top priority on the CT prevention agenda.
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Shui J, Xie D, Zhao J, Ao C, Lin H, Liang Y, Wang H, Dai Y, Tang S. Seroepidemiology of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in the General Population of Northern China: The Jidong Community Cohort Study. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:729016. [PMID: 34650533 PMCID: PMC8507574 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.729016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A longitudinal serological study to investigate the seropositive frequency, incidence, and antibody dynamics of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in the general population of China is urgently needed in order to optimize the strategies for surveillance and precise prevention of C. trachomatis infection. This longitudinal study enrolled 744 subjects aged 18-65 years from Jidong Community of Northern China from 2014 to 2018. Seropositive frequency, incidence, and reinfection of C. trachomatis were determined by detecting antibody against C. trachomatis Pgp3 using "in-house" luciferase immunosorbent assay (LISA). The dynamic of anti-Pgp3 antibody was analyzed using the Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) model. The overall Pgp3 seropositive frequency among the 18-65-year-old population was 28.1% (95% CI 24.9-31.5), and significantly increased from 12.0% in those aged 18-29 years to 48.6% in the 60-65 years old. The seropositive frequency was slightly higher in women than in men (31.3% vs. 25.4%) without statistical significance. The C. trachomatis incidence and reinfection rate were 11 and 14 per 1,000 person-years, respectively, and showed no significant difference with respect to age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, and education levels. Furthermore, anti-Pgp3 antibody remained detectable in 93.3% (195/209) of the seropositive subjects during the 5 years of follow-up. The overall decay rate for anti-Pgp3 antibody for CT-infected persons was -0.123 Log2 RLU/year, which was dramatically slower than in CT new infection (-3.34 Log2 RLU/year) or reinfection (-1.1 Log2 RLU/year). In conclusion, at least one quarter of the people aged 18-65 years have been infected with C. trachomatis over their lifetime while all age groups are susceptible to C. trachomatis infection in the community of Northern China. Therefore, comprehensive prevention strategies are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Shui
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongjie Xie
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cailing Ao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongqing Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanhao Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingchun Dai
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shixing Tang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
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Belfort IKP, Cunha APA, Mendes FPB, Galvão-Moreira LV, Lemos RG, de Lima Costa LH, Monteiro P, Ferreira MB, Dos Santos GRB, Costa JL, de Sá Ferreira A, Brito LGO, Brito LMO, Vidal FCB, Monteiro SCM. Trichomonas vaginalis as a risk factor for human papillomavirus: a study with women undergoing cervical cancer screening in a northeast region of Brazil. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2021; 21:174. [PMID: 33892709 PMCID: PMC8066958 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-021-01320-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) infections are the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) globally. The latter has contributed to a variety of adverse outcomes for both sexes. Moreover, in Brazil, epidemiological studies on patients with STIs are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of TV and its association with HPV in women undergoing cervical cancer screening. METHODS Women with a normal cervix were recruited from a community-based cervical cancer screening program. Gynecological examinations were conducted, and questionnaires were provided. Vaginal canal and uterine cervix samples were collected for cytological examinations (reported using the 2001 Bethesda System) and tested for the presence of TV and HPV DNA. RESULTS In total, 562 women who attended public primary healthcare were included in the study. The T. vaginalis was present in 19.0% (107) and HPV DNA was present in 46.8% (263) of women. Among the women of TV 73.8% (79) had a co-infection with HPV (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We concluded that a TV infection is associated with an HPV infection of the cervix as well as with the cervical cytological abnormalities. Further studies could reveal the mechanisms by which these two organisms interact at the cellular level, with control for shared behavioral risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Kassandra Pereira Belfort
- Doctoral Program in Biotechnology - Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Rua 4 Quadra 9 Casa 3 Residencial Primavera, São Luis, MA, 65052-850, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Renata Gaspar Lemos
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | | | - Pablo Monteiro
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | | | | | - Joyce Leal Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Alice de Sá Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gustavo Oliveira Brito
- Department of Tocogynecology (DTG), Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sally Cristina Moutinho Monteiro
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, MA, Brazil
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Hu SY, Tsang SH, Chen F, Pan QJ, Zhang WH, Hong Y, Sampson JN, Hildesheim A, Zhao FH, Kreimer AR. Association Between Common Vaginal Infections and Cervical Non-Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 16/18 Infection in HPV-Vaccinated Women. J Infect Dis 2021; 223:445-451. [PMID: 32614401 PMCID: PMC7982446 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND How vaginal infections such as bacterial vaginosis, Candida spp, and Trichomonas vaginalis affect persistence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is not well established. Our study aimed to evaluate the association between common vaginal infections and cervical non-HPV16/18 infection, as risk factors associated with persistence of nonvaccine HPV types will become increasingly relevant in the setting of HPV vaccination. METHODS We performed an analysis in 2039 AS04-HPV16/18-vaccinated women enrolled in a phase II/III trial in China, who were HPV DNA negative at month 0 and 6 and had at least 1 subsequent follow-up visit. Vaginal infections were detected in liquid-based cytology according to the diagnostic criteria of the Bethesda System. Associations between vaginal infections and incident and 6-month persistent non-HPV16/18 infections in the cervix were evaluated using generalized estimating equations, adjusting for the age at initial vaccination, as well as HPV types in the persistence analysis. RESULTS Study visits with any vaginal infection had a statistically significant increased risk of incident non-HPV16/18 infection compared to those without vaginal infections (odds ratio [OR], 1.44 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.09-1.92]). However, vaginal infections were not associated with 6-month persistent non-HPV16/18 infection (OR, 1.02 [95% CI, .62-1.69]). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that common vaginal infections are not associated with persistence of non-HPV16/18 infection among HPV16/18-vaccinated women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Ying Hu
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sabrina H Tsang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qin-Jing Pan
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Hua Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Joshua N Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Allan Hildesheim
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Fang-Hui Zhao
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Aimée R Kreimer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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12
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Coinfection of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus and Lower Genital Tract Pathogens in the Development of High-Grade Cervical Lesions. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2020; 2020:7640758. [PMID: 32908620 PMCID: PMC7477613 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7640758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This study investigated the infection status and relationship between other common lower genital tract infectious pathogens and high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) in the high-grade cervical lesions. Methods Overall, 882 patients were enrolled in this retrospective study, of which 339 patients (≥HSIL group) were confirmed with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) or cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), while 543 patients (≤LSIL group) were diagnosed with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) or normal cervical pathology diagnosis. Cervical swab specimens were tested for HPV, pathogenic bacteria (PB), U. urealyticum (UU), M. hominis (MH), and C. trachomatis (CT) in both groups. Results The infection rates of HR-HPV, PB, UU (at high density), and CT were higher in the ≥HSIL group than in the ≤LSIL group (P < 0.001); however, higher infection rates with MH were not observed (P > 0.05). PB, UU, and CT were associated with HR-HPV infection (P < 0.001). The PB and UU infection rates in the ≥HSIL group were significantly different from those in the ≤LSIL group, regardless of whether there was an HR-HPV infection at the same time (P < 0.05). However, this was not the case for the CT (P > 0.05). Furthermore, 259 pathogenic bacterial strains were detected in 882 cases. The difference in the distribution of pathogenic bacterial flora in the different grades of cervical lesions had no statistical significance, which was prioritized over Escherichia coli (P > 0.05). Conclusion PB, UU, and CT infection is associated with susceptibility to HR-HPV, HR-HPV coinfection with these pathogens might increase the risk of high-grade cervical lesions, and PB and UU might be independent risk factors for cervical lesions.
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13
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Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Metronidazole and Clindamycin against Gardnerella vaginalis in Planktonic and Biofilm Formation. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2020; 2020:1361825. [PMID: 32612729 PMCID: PMC7315270 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1361825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Bacterial vaginosis (BV), one of the most common vaginal ecosystem-related microbiologic syndromes, is the most common disorder in women of reproductive age. Gardnerella (G.) vaginalis is the predominant species causing this infection. Our aim was to compare the antimicrobial susceptibilities of metronidazole and clindamycin against G. vaginalis at planktonic and biofilm levels. Methods From September 2019 to October 2019, we recruited a total of 10 patients with BV who underwent gynecological examinations at Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital. G. vaginalis isolates were obtained from the vagina and identified using their characteristic colony morphology. Sequence data of clinical G. vaginalis isolates were confirmed by comparing 16S rDNA sequences. Subsequently, clinical isolates were evaluated for antimicrobial susceptibilities in vitro to metronidazole and clindamycin at planktonic and biofilm levels. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for metronidazole and clindamycin was evaluated by antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) was evaluated by the biofilm inhibition assay. Results Planktonic clinical isolates showed a significantly higher susceptibility rate (76.67%) and lower resistance rate (23.33%) to clindamycin than to metronidazole (susceptibility rate: 38.24%; resistance rate: 58.82%; P < 0.05 for both). Furthermore, in comparison to planktonic isolates, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of metronidazole was significantly higher for biofilm-forming isolates (7.3 ± 2.6 μg/mL vs. 72.4 ± 18.3 μg/mL; P=0.005); the resistance rate was 27.3%, and the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) was >128 μg/mL. Moreover, the MIC of clindamycin was higher too for biofilm-forming isolates (0.099 ± 0.041 μg/mL vs. 23.7 ± 9.49 μg/mL; P=0.034); the resistance rate was 27.3%, and the MBEC of clindamycin was 28.4 ± 6.50 μg/mL. Conclusion Our results indicate that in comparison to metronidazole, clindamycin seems to be a better choice to tackle G. vaginalis as it exhibits a relatively higher susceptibility rate and lower resistance rate.
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14
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Chen H, Luo L, Wen Y, He B, Ling H, Shui J, He P, Hou X, Tang S, Li Z. Chlamydia trachomatis and Human Papillomavirus Infection in Women From Southern Hunan Province in China: A Large Observational Study. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:827. [PMID: 32431682 PMCID: PMC7214719 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis and human papillomavirus (HPV) are the most common pathogens of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), which can increase the risk of cervical cancer and infertility. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, genotype and risk factors of C. trachomatis and/or HPV infection in women attending the annual physical examination, assistant reproductive treatment and visiting the gynecology clinics from Southern Hunan province in China. Cervical-swab samples were collected from 5006 participants. We found that the overall prevalence of C. trachomatis, HPV infection and C. trachomatis/HPV coinfection was 4.7% (236/5006), 15.5% (778/5006) and 1.2% (59/5006), while the prevalence of asymptomatic infection of that was 3.8% (38/1006), 10.8% (109/1006) and 0.6% (6/1006), respectively. Furthermore, 25.0% (59/236) of C. trachomatis infection and 7.6% (59/778) of HPV infection were attributable to C. trachomatis and HPV coinfection. C. trachomatis and HPV infection were more often observed in young women of less than 25 years (10.4% and 21.3%, respectively) and in the outpatients from gynecology clinics (5.2% and 18.0%, respectively). Of note, a higher prevalence of C. trachomatis infection was observed in HPV-positive women (7.6%) than HPV- negative ones (4.2%), and vice versa. The top three C. trachomatis genotypes were E (1.4%), F (1.1%) and J (0.8%), and the counterparts of HPV genotypes were HPV52 (4.2%), HPV16 (2.3%) and HPV58 (2.2%), respectively. Among the 151 outpatients with colposcopy data, HPV infection was associated with severe cervical lesions with OR of 15.86 (95% CI 3.14–80.0, P < 0.001) while C. trachomatis infection was more likely associated with a low grade colposcopy impression (OR = 3.25, 95% CI: 1.22–8.65, P = 0.018). Our data highlight the high prevalence of asymptomatic C. trachomatis and HPV infection, particularly among women of <25 years. The two pathogens may serve as mutual risk factors to increase the risk of infections and cervical lesions. Widespread implementation of HPV and C. trachomatis screening programs, especially for young women, would be an effective strategy to relieve the burden of sexually transmitted infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Chen
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Chenzhou No. 1 People's Hospital, Chenzhou, China
| | - Lipei Luo
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Chenzhou No. 1 People's Hospital, Chenzhou, China.,Affiliated Chenzhou Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yating Wen
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Bei He
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hua Ling
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Chenzhou No. 1 People's Hospital, Chenzhou, China.,Affiliated Chenzhou Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinwei Shui
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping He
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Chenzhou No. 1 People's Hospital, Chenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Hou
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Chenzhou No. 1 People's Hospital, Chenzhou, China
| | - Shixing Tang
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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15
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Association between Vaginal Infections and the Types and Viral Loads of Human Papillomavirus: A Clinical Study Based on 4,449 Cases of Gynecologic Outpatients. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2020; 2020:9172908. [PMID: 32273935 PMCID: PMC7128038 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9172908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective We here evaluated the association between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and vaginal infections, including bacterial vaginosis (BV), trichomonas vaginalis (TV), and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Methods A total of 4,449 women were enrolled in this study and given gynecological examinations. HPV genotyping and viral load determination were performed using a real-time PCR. Vaginal infections were diagnosed using wet mounts of vaginal secretions, gram-stained vaginal secretion smears, and chemical enzyme kits. Results In this study, the overall HPV-positive rate was 25.06%, and vaginal infection tended to occur in women with HPV infection (P < 0.05). HPV infection tended to occur in BV- and TV-positive women (P < 0.05) and not in women with microecological disorders, intermediate type BV, VVC, or coinfection (P > 0.05). The most common genotypes were HPV58 and HPV53 in women with normal vaginal microecology and HPV16 and HPV52 in the women suffering from vaginal infection. The viral loads among groups for HPV16 and HPV52 showed no statistically significant differences (P=0.940; P=0.167). Conclusions Our study revealed that BV and TV are associated with HPV infection, especially high-risk HPV infection, while VVC has no association with HPV infection. Further studies are needed to explore the detailed mechanism.
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16
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Alotaibi HJ, Almajhdi FN, Alsaleh AN, Obeid DA, Khayat HH, Al-Muammer TA, Tulbah AM, Alfageeh MB, Al-Ahdal MN, Alhamlan FS. Association of sexually transmitted infections and human papillomavirus co-infection with abnormal cervical cytology among women in Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:1587-1595. [PMID: 32489299 PMCID: PMC7253883 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a causative agent of cervical and other cancers. Sexually transmitted Infections (STIs) may play a crucial role in HPV persistence, leading to serious complications, including cervical cancer. This study investigated the association of HPV/STI co-infection in cervical samples with cervical dysplasia among women in Saudi Arabia. HPV-positive cervical samples (n = 142) were obtained from previous studies and newly collected samples (n = 209) were obtained from women aged 19–83 years. For HPV detection and genotyping, PCR and Genoflow HPV assay kits were used. STIs were detected using a Genoflow STD array kit. Of 351 samples, 94 (27%) were positive for STIs. Among HPV-positive samples, 36 (25%) were positive for STIs; the most common pathogens were Ureaplasma urealyticum/Ureaplasma parvu (13%) and Mycoplasma hominis (6%). A global significant correlation was detected between HPV and STIs with progression of abnormal cervical cytology (χ2 = 176, P < 0.0001). Associations between cervical cytology diagnosis and HPV status, STI types (opportunistic and pathogenic), and the presence of Ureaplasma spp., and Mycoplasma hominis were significant (P < 0.05). Our results suggest that additional study in a larger population is warranted to determine the association between HPV/STI co-infection and cervical neoplasia in Saudi women.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Alotaibi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - F N Almajhdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A N Alsaleh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - D A Obeid
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - H H Khayat
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - T A Al-Muammer
- Department of Family Medicine and Polyclinic, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A M Tulbah
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M B Alfageeh
- Infectious Diseases Program, National Center for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M N Al-Ahdal
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - F S Alhamlan
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Martinelli M, Musumeci R, Sechi I, Sotgiu G, Piana A, Perdoni F, Sina F, Fruscio R, Landoni F, Cocuzza CE. Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) among Italian Women Referred for a Colposcopy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16245000. [PMID: 31818033 PMCID: PMC6950209 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16245000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) represent a major cause of morbidity in women and men worldwide. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infections are among the most prevalent STIs and persistent infections with high-risk HPV (hrHPV) genotypes can cause cervical dysplasia and invasive cervical cancer. The association of other STIs with HPV cervical infection and/or dysplasia has however not yet been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of HPV and other STIs among women presenting with an abnormal cervical cytology. Cervical infections with 28 HPV genotypes and seven other sexually transmitted pathogens were evaluated in 177 women referred for a colposcopy after an abnormal Pap smear. Positivity for at least one hrHPV genotype was shown in 87% of women; HPV 16 was the most prevalent (25.0%), followed by HPV 31 and HPV 51. The overall positivity for other STIs was 49.2%, with Ureaplasma parvum being the most prevalent microrganism (39.0%). Co-infections between hrHPV and other STIs were demonstrated in 17.5% of women; no significant association was demonstrated between multiple infections and the colposcopy findings. This study provides new epidemiological data on the prevalence of cervical infections associated with HPV and seven other common sexually transmitted pathogens in a population of women presenting with an abnormal cervical cytology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Martinelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (M.M.); (R.M.); (F.P.); (R.F.); (F.L.)
| | - Rosario Musumeci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (M.M.); (R.M.); (F.P.); (R.F.); (F.L.)
| | - Illari Sechi
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (I.S.); (G.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Giovanni Sotgiu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (I.S.); (G.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Andrea Piana
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (I.S.); (G.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Federica Perdoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (M.M.); (R.M.); (F.P.); (R.F.); (F.L.)
| | - Federica Sina
- ASST Monza, San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Robert Fruscio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (M.M.); (R.M.); (F.P.); (R.F.); (F.L.)
- ASST Monza, San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Fabio Landoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (M.M.); (R.M.); (F.P.); (R.F.); (F.L.)
- ASST Monza, San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Clementina E. Cocuzza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (M.M.); (R.M.); (F.P.); (R.F.); (F.L.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Correlation between Common Lower Genital Tract Microbes and High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2019; 2019:9678104. [PMID: 31885754 PMCID: PMC6893239 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9678104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background High-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) infection is a necessary cause of cervical cancer. However, other common lower genital tract microbes may increase hr-HPV infection and their related cervical cytopathy. Methods To confirm this hypothesis, cervical brush and vaginal swab specimens were collected from 826 adult patients who were divided into the hr-HPV-positive group (254) and the negative group (572) by real-time PCR assay. Cervical specimens were tested for Ureaplasma parvum (UP), Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU), and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) using PCR analysis. Vaginal secretion was detected for Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), Candida spp., and bacterial vaginosis (BV) with conventional assay. Results Among hr-HPV-positive women, UP was found in 51.6%, UU in 15.4%, CT in 15.7%, Candida spp. in 11.0%, TV in 3.1%, and BV in 20.5%. In the hr-HPV-negative group, UP was positive in 36.2%, UU in 8.6%, CT in 4.0%, Candida spp. in 12.4%, TV in 0.2%, and BV in 7.0%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with age-adjusted showed that UU (OR, 1.757), UP (OR, 1.804), CT (OR, 3.538), BV (OR, 3.020), and TV (OR, 14.109) were risk factors on hr-HPV infection (P < 0.05). Conclusion These microbes might induce cervical chronic inflammation that would damage the mucosal barrier and immune protection to promote the infection of hr-HPV.
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19
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Liang Y, Chen M, Qin L, Wan B, Wang H. A meta-analysis of the relationship between vaginal microecology, human papillomavirus infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Infect Agent Cancer 2019; 14:29. [PMID: 31673281 PMCID: PMC6815368 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-019-0243-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microecology is an emerging discipline in recent years. The female reproductive tract is an important microecological region, and its microecological environment can directly affect women's cervical health. This meta-analysis aimed to analyze the effects of vaginal microecology on Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). PubMed and Web of Science were systematically searched for eligible publications from January 2000 to December 2017. Articles were selected on the basis of specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The design and quality of all studies were evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Odds ratios (ORs) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated. Thirteen eligible studies were selected to evaluate the association of vaginal microecology with HPV infection and CIN. The factors related to HPV infection were bacterial vaginosis (BV) (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.78-3.71, P<0.05), Candida albicans (VVC) (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.49-0.82, P < 0.05), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) (OR 3.16, 95% CI 2.55-3.90, P < 0.05), and Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.20-1.51, P < 0.05). BV was also related to CIN (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.21-2.00, P < 0.05). This meta-analysis of available literature suggested an intimate association of vaginal microecology and HPV infection with CIN. BV, CT and UU were associated to increased HPV infection, VVC was associated to decreased HPV infection, Lactobacillus is not associated to increased HPV infection, BV was associated to increased CIN development risk. Further large-scale studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejuan Liang
- The Department of Gynecological of Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning City, 530021 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China
| | - Mengjie Chen
- The Department of Gynecological of Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning City, 530021 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China
| | - Lu Qin
- The Department of Gynecological of Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning City, 530021 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China
| | - Bing Wan
- The Department of Gynecological of Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning City, 530021 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China
| | - He Wang
- The Department of Gynecological of Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning City, 530021 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China
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Wang L, Zhu L, Li H, Ma N, Huang H, Zhang X, Li Y, Fang J. Association between asymptomatic sexually transmitted infections and high-risk human papillomavirus in cervical lesions. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:5548-5559. [PMID: 31533513 PMCID: PMC6862907 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519865633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to determine the association of asymptomatic sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU), Mycoplasma hominis (MH), Mycoplasma genitalium, Chlamydia trachomatis, and herpes simplex virus type 2, with high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) in cervical intraepithelial lesions and neoplasms. Methods A total of 320 hrHPV-positive and 160 hrHPV-negative women were divided into high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) + invasive cervical cancer and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion + normal subgroups, respectively, on the basis of pathological cervical lesions. Cervical brush specimens were amplified and hybridized using polymerase chain reaction kits. Results MH was associated with hrHPV infection, but not with specific hrHPV genotypes or with single or multiple genotypes. Coinfection of hrHPV and UU serotype 14 (Uup14) showed an increased risk of HSILs and cervical carcinoma (odds ratio [OR]: 12.541, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.625–43.390). U. urealyticum biovar (Uuu) and Uup1 infections showed a similar increased risk (OR: 11.646, 95% CI: 1.493–90.850; OR: 7.474, 95% CI: 1.140–49.015, respectively) without hrHPV. Conclusions Asymptomatic STIs are widespread. This study shows an association between UU subtypes and cervical cancer, providing new insight into cervical lesion etiology. Screening for MH, Uup14, Uup1, and Uuu is important under different hrHPV statuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lizhe Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nan Ma
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huifang Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Rowley J, Vander Hoorn S, Korenromp E, Low N, Unemo M, Abu-Raddad LJ, Chico RM, Smolak A, Newman L, Gottlieb S, Thwin SS, Broutet N, Taylor MM. Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis and syphilis: global prevalence and incidence estimates, 2016. Bull World Health Organ 2019; 97:548-562P. [PMID: 31384073 PMCID: PMC6653813 DOI: 10.2471/blt.18.228486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 855] [Impact Index Per Article: 171.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To generate estimates of the global prevalence and incidence of urogenital infection with chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis and syphilis in women and men, aged 15-49 years, in 2016. METHODS For chlamydia, gonorrhoea and trichomoniasis, we systematically searched for studies conducted between 2009 and 2016 reporting prevalence. We also consulted regional experts. To generate estimates, we used Bayesian meta-analysis. For syphilis, we aggregated the national estimates generated by using Spectrum-STI. FINDINGS For chlamydia, gonorrhoea and/or trichomoniasis, 130 studies were eligible. For syphilis, the Spectrum-STI database contained 978 data points for the same period. The 2016 global prevalence estimates in women were: chlamydia 3.8% (95% uncertainty interval, UI: 3.3-4.5); gonorrhoea 0.9% (95% UI: 0.7-1.1); trichomoniasis 5.3% (95% UI:4.0-7.2); and syphilis 0.5% (95% UI: 0.4-0.6). In men prevalence estimates were: chlamydia 2.7% (95% UI: 1.9-3.7); gonorrhoea 0.7% (95% UI: 0.5-1.1); trichomoniasis 0.6% (95% UI: 0.4-0.9); and syphilis 0.5% (95% UI: 0.4-0.6). Total estimated incident cases were 376.4 million: 127.2 million (95% UI: 95.1-165.9 million) chlamydia cases; 86.9 million (95% UI: 58.6-123.4 million) gonorrhoea cases; 156.0 million (95% UI: 103.4-231.2 million) trichomoniasis cases; and 6.3 million (95% UI: 5.5-7.1 million) syphilis cases. CONCLUSION Global estimates of prevalence and incidence of these four curable sexually transmitted infections remain high. The study highlights the need to expand data collection efforts at country level and provides an initial baseline for monitoring progress of the World Health Organization global health sector strategy on sexually transmitted infections 2016-2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Rowley
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - Stephen Vander Hoorn
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Nicola Low
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Magnus Unemo
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and Other STIs, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Laith J Abu-Raddad
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College - Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - R Matthew Chico
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, England
| | - Alex Smolak
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College - Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lori Newman
- Enteric and Sexually Transmitted Infections Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Sami Gottlieb
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - Soe Soe Thwin
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Broutet
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - Melanie M Taylor
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
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22
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Miralpeix E, Solé-Sedeño JM, Agramunt S, Lloveras B, Gimeno R, Alameda F, Carreras R, Mancebo G. Role of Chlamydia trachomatis serology in conservative management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2019; 147:43-48. [PMID: 31272132 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the spontaneous progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN2) in accordance with Chlamydia trachomatis (chlamydia) serology. METHODS A prospective observational study included women diagnosed with CIN2 by cervical biopsy and managed conservatively for 24 months at Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, between December 2011 and October 2013. Serum anti-chlamydia immunoglobulin G (IgG), previous cytology, and high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping were recorded at baseline. The outcome was regression, persistence, or progression of CIN2. RESULTS Overall, 93 women aged 18-56 years were enrolled. Spontaneous regression was observed for 61 (66%) women, and 21 (23%) progressed to CIN3. Eight (9%) women had chlamydia seropositivity at baseline. Multivariate analysis showed that anti-chlamydia IgG seropositivity (odds ratio [OR], 19.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9-189.7), previous high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion cytology (OR, 5.0; 95% CI, 1.7-14.6), and HPV16 (OR, 4.8; 95% CI, 1.7-13.7) increased the risk of CIN2 persistence or progression. CONCLUSION Women with CIN2 and chlamydia IgG seropositivity had increased risk of progression to CIN2+ and immediate treatment may be recommended for these women. Larger clinical studies are needed to confirm the results, but chlamydia serology might be introduced into CIN2 management to better individualize treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Miralpeix
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep-Maria Solé-Sedeño
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Agramunt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belen Lloveras
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Gimeno
- Department of Immunology, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Alameda
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Carreras
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Mancebo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Lopez-Arias M, Vazquez-Jimenez S, Martinez-Abundis E, Gomez-Crisostomo NP, Chavez-Blanco A, Contreras-Paredes A, De la Cruz-Hernandez E. Genital association of human papillomavirus with Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma spp. in Mexican women with precancerous lesions. Int J STD AIDS 2019; 30:969-977. [PMID: 31284837 DOI: 10.1177/0956462419855508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The genital colonization of certain Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma spp. has been associated with an increased the risk of acquisition and persistence of human papillomavirus. However, its association with high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes is not entirely clear, and the prevalence of such coinfections in cervical precancerous lesions has been poorly explored. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association of high-risk human papillomavirus with Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma spp. in 258 women recruited during their routine gynecological inspection at an outpatient clinic in Tabasco, Mexico. Among the Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma spp. evaluated in the present study, the highest peak of prevalence was attributed to Ureaplasma parvum (32.9%), followed by Mycoplasma hominis (14%), Ureaplasma urealyticum (6.6%), and Mycoplasma genitalium (0.8%). The overall prevalence rates of papillomavirus DNA and high-risk human papillomavirus were 25.6% and 17.1%, respectively. The overall association showed that M. hominis and U. urealyticum correlated significantly with high-risk human papillomavirus infection. According to the cytological results, the distribution of coinfection with high-risk human papillomavirus and U. urealyticum did not show significant differences with respect to severity of cervical lesions. Conversely, the association of high-risk human papillomavirus with M. hominis was more frequent in women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions ( P = 0.037).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lopez-Arias
- 1 Laboratory of Research in Metabolic and Infectious Diseases, Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Comalcalco, Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Comalcalco City, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Silvia Vazquez-Jimenez
- 1 Laboratory of Research in Metabolic and Infectious Diseases, Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Comalcalco, Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Comalcalco City, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Martinez-Abundis
- 1 Laboratory of Research in Metabolic and Infectious Diseases, Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Comalcalco, Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Comalcalco City, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Nancy P Gomez-Crisostomo
- 1 Laboratory of Research in Metabolic and Infectious Diseases, Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Comalcalco, Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Comalcalco City, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Alma Chavez-Blanco
- 2 Laboratory of Epigenetics, Division of Basic Research, National Cancer Institute of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adriana Contreras-Paredes
- 3 Laboratory of Epidemiology and Molecular Biology of Oncogenic Virus Division of Basic Research, National Cancer Institute of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erick De la Cruz-Hernandez
- 1 Laboratory of Research in Metabolic and Infectious Diseases, Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Comalcalco, Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Comalcalco City, Tabasco, Mexico
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López-Olmos J. Detección de ITS (infecciones de trasmisión sexual) en mujeres afectas de ASCUS y LSIL en la citología cervicovaginal. Estudio prospectivo de 4 meses. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN GINECOLOGIA Y OBSTETRICIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gine.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Brusselaers N, Shrestha S, van de Wijgert J, Verstraelen H. Vaginal dysbiosis and the risk of human papillomavirus and cervical cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019; 221:9-18.e8. [PMID: 30550767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The vaginal microbiota proposedly influence the association between human papillomavirus and cervical cancer. Our aim was to assess whether vaginal dysbiosis affects human papilloma virus acquisition, persistence, and progression to related cervical premalignancy. DATA SORUCES MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science (inception until June 2018) were used for this study. The study protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42016035620). STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA This systematic review included all observational studies reporting on incident human papilloma virus, persistent human papilloma virus, and/or related cervical disease in women with or without vaginal dysbiosis prior to outcome assessment. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS We used random-effects models for meta-analyses and report pooled relative risks with 95% confidence intervals. The risk for incident and/or persistent human papilloma virus or related cervical disease based on longitudinal results was determined. RESULTS Of 1645 unique articles, 15 mainly prospective cohort studies were included, published between 2003 and 2017, including a total of 101,049 women. Vaginal dysbiosis was associated with an increased risk of incident human papilloma virus (overall relative risk, 1.33, 1.18-1.50, I2 = 0%; among young women relative risk, 1.43, 1.10-1.85, I2 = 0%), human papilloma virus persistence (overall relative risk, 1.14, 1.01-1.28, I2 = 44.2%; for oncogenic types relative risk, 1.18, 1.01-1.38, I2 = 0%), and high-grade lesions and cancer (relative risk, 2.01, 1.40-3.01, I2 = 0%), but women with lesions/cancer were compared with those without, regardless of their oncogenic human papilloma virus status. Overall, comparable results were found in the molecular vaginal microbiota studies. CONCLUSION This study supports a causal link between vaginal dysbiosis and cervical cancer along the oncogenic human papillomavirus acquisition, persistence, and cervicovaginal dysplasia development pathway.
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26
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Association between human papillomavirus and chlamydia trachomatis infection risk in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Public Health 2019; 64:943-955. [DOI: 10.1007/s00038-019-01261-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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27
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He L, He J. Distribution of high-risk HPV types among women in Sichuan province, China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:390. [PMID: 31068141 PMCID: PMC6505120 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4038-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is a major cause of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive cervical cancer. We investigated the prevalence of HR-HPV infection and distribution of viral genotypes among women in this area. METHODS Women in Sichuan older than 20 years were screened for cervical cancer between January 2015 and December 2016 using liquid-based cytology testing and a flow cytometry-fluorescence hybridization test for HPV-DNA. Frequency tables were evaluated using the chi-squared test (χ2). RESULTS Of the 17,319 women aged 20-85 years who participated in the study, Overall prevalence of HR-HPV infection was 12.6% (2178/17,319). The most prevalent viral type was HPV-52, which was present in 2.5% of individuals, followed by HPV-53 (1.6%), HPV-58 (1.5%), HPV-16 (1.1%), HPV-56 (0.9%), HPV-39 (0.8%). In HSIL, the five most common HR-HPV types were HPV52, 16, 58, 33 and 56. HPV16/18 in HSIL only makes up 25.9% of HSIL, whereas HPV31/33/45/52/58 make up 56.8%. Overall HR-HPV prevalence among women older than 65 years was 15.2%, significantly higher than the prevalence in other age groups (P < 0.05). Infection with dual or multiple HR-HPV types was associated with greater risk of abnormal cytology. CONCLUSION Overall HR-HPV prevalence in Sichuan is as high as in large cities in China. The HR-HPV types 52, 16, 58, 33 and 56 predominated in this sample of HSIL women primarily from the banking and public sector in Sichuan. High prevalence among women older than 65 years needed pay attention to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia He
- Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Junyong He
- Health Management Center of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
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Human Papilloma Virus and Chlamydia trachomatis: Casual Acquaintances or Partners in Crime? CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-019-00117-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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29
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Parthenis C, Panagopoulos P, Margari N, Kottaridi C, Spathis A, Pouliakis A, Konstantoudakis S, Chrelias G, Chrelias C, Papantoniou N, Panayiotides IG, Tsiodras S. The association between sexually transmitted infections, human papillomavirus, and cervical cytology abnormalities among women in Greece. Int J Infect Dis 2018; 73:72-77. [PMID: 29902519 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the presence of cytological changes in the cervix in a cohort of sexually active women in Greece. METHODS Cervical cytology testing and the molecular typing of HPV and other STIs were performed for 345 sexually active women aged between 18 and 45 years (mean 33.2±7.2years) visiting a gynaecology clinic for routine cervical screening. The association of HPV and STI detection with cytological findings was investigated. RESULTS HPV was detected in 61 women (17.7%) and STIs in 82 (23.8%). Ureaplasma spp was the most frequently detected pathogen, which was found in 63 (18.2%) women, followed by Mycoplasma spp (21 women, 25.6%) and Chlamydia trachomatis (five women, 6.1%). HPV positivity only (with no co-presence of STI) was associated with an abnormal cytology (odds ratio 6.9, p<0.001), while women who were negative for both HPV and STIs had a higher probability of a normal cytology (odds ratio 0.36, p<0.01). Sixteen out of the 63 (25.4%) women who tested positive for Ureaplasma spp, harboured a high-risk HPV type (odds ratio 2.3, p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS In a population with a high prevalence of Ureaplasma spp, there was an association of this pathogen with high-risk HPV infection, a finding that needs further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Parthenis
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 'Attikon' University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Periklis Panagopoulos
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 'Attikon' University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Niki Margari
- Second Department of Pathology, 'Attikon' University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Christine Kottaridi
- Second Department of Pathology, 'Attikon' University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Aris Spathis
- Second Department of Pathology, 'Attikon' University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Abraham Pouliakis
- Second Department of Pathology, 'Attikon' University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Stefanos Konstantoudakis
- Second Department of Pathology, 'Attikon' University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - George Chrelias
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 'Attikon' University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalambos Chrelias
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 'Attikon' University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Papantoniou
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 'Attikon' University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis G Panayiotides
- Second Department of Pathology, 'Attikon' University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios Tsiodras
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, 'Attikon' University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece.
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Nikas I, Hapfelmeier A, Mollenhauer M, Angermeier D, Bettstetter M, Götz R, Schmidmayr M, Seifert-Klauss V, Muckenhuber A, Schenck U, Weirich G. Integrated morphologic and molecular analysis of Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis, and human papillomavirus using cytologic smear preparations. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:1443-1451. [PMID: 29549429 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-5829-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic microbes may colonize the female genital tract via sexual transmission and cause health issues like inflammation or malignancy, summarized as sexually transmitted disease (STD). A major representative of such pathogens is Trichomonas vaginalis (T.v.), whose role in the etiology of cervical cancer remains elusive. Traditional morphologic screening of cervical smears is able to detect T.v., although its identification may be complicated by look-alikes such as degenerated granulocytes and basal cells. In addition, the parasite's endosymbiont Mycoplasma hominis (M.h.) cannot be detected in the Pap test. This investigation was aimed at designing a PCR-based method to detect specific pathogenic germs by using cervical cytology slides to overcome morphologic uncertainty and increase diagnostic accuracy. To test our molecular screening method on T.v., M.h., and HPV in archival smears, we elaborated a multiplex PCR approach based on microdissection. This assay was applied to a minute quantity of starting material which harbored or was suspected to harbor T.v.; the resulting isolated DNA was used for subsequent molecular analyses of T.v., M.h., and HPV. We clarified the diagnosis of genital T.v. infection in 88 and 1.8% of morphologically suspicious and T.v.-negative cases, respectively. We also revealed a tendency of M.h. co-infection in high-risk HPV cases. In conclusion, a microdissection-based approach to detect pathogenic microbes such as T.v., HPV, and M.h. is a molecular tool easy to implement and may help to better understand the interactivity of these germs with respect to pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Nikas
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Trogerstraße 18, 81675, Munich, Germany.,School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - A Hapfelmeier
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - M Mollenhauer
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Trogerstraße 18, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - D Angermeier
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Trogerstraße 18, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | | | - R Götz
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Trogerstraße 18, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - M Schmidmayr
- Frauenklinik und Poliklinik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - V Seifert-Klauss
- Frauenklinik und Poliklinik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - A Muckenhuber
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Trogerstraße 18, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - U Schenck
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Trogerstraße 18, 81675, Munich, Germany.,MVZ Gynäkologie & Pathologie, Munich, Germany
| | - Gregor Weirich
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Trogerstraße 18, 81675, Munich, Germany.
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Kim SI, Yoon JH, Park DC, Lee DS, Lee SJ, Choe HS, Kim JH, Park TC, Lee SJ. Co-infection Of Ureaplasma urealyticum And Human Papilloma Virus In Asymptomatic Sexually Active Individuals. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:915-920. [PMID: 30008604 PMCID: PMC6036102 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.26523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the role of asymptomatic bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct), Mycoplasma genitalium (Mg), Mycoplasma hominis (Mh), and Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) in human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. In total, 264 asymptomatic outpatients aged between 21 and 80 years were prospectively enrolled in this study during routine gynecological screening tests. Specimens collected with a Cervex Brush were routinely analyzed with the Hybrid Capture 2 assay for HPV. Simultaneously, a specimen obtained with an endocervical swab was used to detect Ct and Mg with a monoplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and to confirm Mh and Uu with a Mycoplasma IST 2 kit. The detection rates (%) of HPV, Ct, Mg, Mh, and Uu were 82/264 (31.1), 6/264 (2.3), 5/264 (1.9), 16/264 (6.1), and 95/264 (36.0), respectively. Of 95 Uu, 32 (33.7%) showed high density colonization (HDC, ≥104 color-changing units/mL). HDC-Uu was significantly associated with HPV infection (p=0.014, chi-square test). Mg infection and Mh infection were not associated with HPV infection (p=0.981 and p=0.931, chi-square test). Age was not associated with HPV infection or bacterial infection. Our data suggested that asymptomatic HDC-Uu was closely associated with HPV infection. Therefore, simultaneous evaluation for Uu and HPV should be performed during gynecological screening, even in asymptomatic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Il Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hee Yoon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Choon Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Sup Lee
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ju Lee
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sop Choe
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hwi Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Chul Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jong Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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