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Norris AC, Mansueto AJ, Jimenez M, Yazlovitskaya EM, Jain BK, Graham TR. Flipping the script: Advances in understanding how and why P4-ATPases flip lipid across membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119700. [PMID: 38382846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Type IV P-type ATPases (P4-ATPases) are a family of transmembrane enzymes that translocate lipid substrates from the outer to the inner leaflet of biological membranes and thus create an asymmetrical distribution of lipids within membranes. On the cellular level, this asymmetry is essential for maintaining the integrity and functionality of biological membranes, creating platforms for signaling events and facilitating vesicular trafficking. On the organismal level, this asymmetry has been shown to be important in maintaining blood homeostasis, liver metabolism, neural development, and the immune response. Indeed, dysregulation of P4-ATPases has been linked to several diseases; including anemia, cholestasis, neurological disease, and several cancers. This review will discuss the evolutionary transition of P4-ATPases from cation pumps to lipid flippases, the new lipid substrates that have been discovered, the significant advances that have been achieved in recent years regarding the structural mechanisms underlying the recognition and flipping of specific lipids across biological membranes, and the consequences of P4-ATPase dysfunction on cellular and physiological functions. Additionally, we emphasize the requirement for additional research to comprehensively understand the involvement of flippases in cellular physiology and disease and to explore their potential as targets for therapeutics in treating a variety of illnesses. The discussion in this review will primarily focus on the budding yeast, C. elegans, and mammalian P4-ATPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana C Norris
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Mariana Jimenez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Bhawik K Jain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Todd R Graham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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2
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Kita N, Hamamoto A, Gowda SGB, Takatsu H, Nakayama K, Arita M, Hui SP, Shin HW. Glucosylceramide flippases contribute to cellular glucosylceramide homeostasis. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100508. [PMID: 38280458 PMCID: PMC10910339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid transport is an essential cellular process with importance to human health, disease development, and therapeutic strategies. Type IV P-type ATPases (P4-ATPases) have been identified as membrane lipid flippases by utilizing nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD)-labeled lipids as substrates. Among the 14 human type IV P-type ATPases, ATP10D was shown to flip NBD-glucosylceramide (GlcCer) across the plasma membrane. Here, we found that conversion of incorporated GlcCer (d18:1/12:0) to other sphingolipids is accelerated in cells exogenously expressing ATP10D but not its ATPase-deficient mutant. These findings suggest that 1) ATP10D flips unmodified GlcCer as well as NBD-GlcCer at the plasma membrane and 2) ATP10D can translocate extracellular GlcCer, which is subsequently converted to other metabolites. Notably, exogenous expression of ATP10D led to the reduction in cellular hexosylceramide levels. Moreover, the expression of GlcCer flippases, including ATP10D, also reduced cellular hexosylceramide levels in fibroblasts derived from patients with Gaucher disease, which is a lysosomal storage disorder with excess GlcCer accumulation. Our study highlights the contribution of ATP10D to the regulation of cellular GlcCer levels and maintaining lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Kita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Asuka Hamamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Siddabasave Gowda B Gowda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Graduate School of Global Food Resources, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nakayama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Arita
- Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center of Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shu-Ping Hui
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hye-Won Shin
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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3
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Sakuragi T, Nagata S. Regulation of phospholipid distribution in the lipid bilayer by flippases and scramblases. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023:10.1038/s41580-023-00604-z. [PMID: 37106071 PMCID: PMC10134735 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00604-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Cellular membranes function as permeability barriers that separate cells from the external environment or partition cells into distinct compartments. These membranes are lipid bilayers composed of glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids and cholesterol, in which proteins are embedded. Glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids freely move laterally, whereas transverse movement between lipid bilayers is limited. Phospholipids are asymmetrically distributed between membrane leaflets but change their location in biological processes, serving as signalling molecules or enzyme activators. Designated proteins - flippases and scramblases - mediate this lipid movement between the bilayers. Flippases mediate the confined localization of specific phospholipids (phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) and phosphatidylethanolamine) to the cytoplasmic leaflet. Scramblases randomly scramble phospholipids between leaflets and facilitate the exposure of PtdSer on the cell surface, which serves as an important signalling molecule and as an 'eat me' signal for phagocytes. Defects in flippases and scramblases cause various human diseases. We herein review the recent research on the structure of flippases and scramblases and their physiological roles. Although still poorly understood, we address the mechanisms by which they translocate phospholipids between lipid bilayers and how defects cause human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaharu Sakuragi
- Biochemistry & Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Nagata
- Biochemistry & Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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Jain BK, Wagner AS, Reynolds TB, Graham TR. Lipid Transport by Candida albicans Dnf2 Is Required for Hyphal Growth and Virulence. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0041622. [PMID: 36214556 PMCID: PMC9670988 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00416-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a common cause of human mucosal yeast infections, and invasive candidiasis can be fatal. Antifungal medications are limited, but those targeting the pathogen cell wall or plasma membrane have been effective. Therefore, virulence factors controlling membrane biogenesis are potential targets for drug development. P4-ATPases contribute to membrane biogenesis by selecting and transporting specific lipids from the extracellular leaflet to the cytoplasmic leaflet of the bilayer to generate lipid asymmetry. A subset of heterodimeric P4-ATPases, including Dnf1-Lem3 and Dnf2-Lem3 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, transport phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and the sphingolipid glucosylceramide (GlcCer). GlcCer is a critical lipid for Candida albicans polarized growth and virulence, but the role of GlcCer transporters in virulence has not been explored. Here, we show that the Candida albicans Dnf2 (CaDnf2) requires association with CaLem3 to form a functional transporter and flip fluorescent derivatives of GlcCer, PC, and PE across the plasma membrane. Mutation of conserved substrate-selective residues in the membrane domain strongly abrogates GlcCer transport and partially disrupts PC transport by CaDnf2. Candida strains harboring dnf2-null alleles (dnf2ΔΔ) or point mutations that disrupt substrate recognition exhibit defects in yeast-to-hypha growth transition, filamentous growth, and virulence in systemically infected mice. The influence of CaDNF1 deletion on the morphological phenotypes is negligible, although the dnf1ΔΔ dnf2ΔΔ strain was less virulent than the dnf2ΔΔ strain. These results indicate that the transport of GlcCer and/or PC by plasma membrane P4-ATPases is important for the pathogenicity of Candida albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawik K. Jain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Andrew S. Wagner
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Todd B. Reynolds
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Todd R. Graham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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5
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Shin HW, Takatsu H. Regulatory Roles of N- and C-Terminal Cytoplasmic Regions of P4-ATPases. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2022; 70:524-532. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c22-00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Won Shin
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
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Li Y, Sena Lopes J, Fuster PC, Rivera RM. Spontaneous and ART-induced large offspring syndrome: similarities and differences in DNA methylome. Epigenetics 2022; 17:1477-1496. [PMID: 35466858 PMCID: PMC9586674 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2022.2067938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Large/abnormal offspring syndrome (LOS/AOS) is a congenital overgrowth syndrome reported in ruminants produced by assisted reproduction (ART-LOS) which exhibit global disruption of the epigenome and transcriptome. LOS/AOS shares phenotypes and epigenotypes with the human congenital overgrowth condition Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. We have reported that LOS occurs spontaneously (SLOS); however, to date, no study has been conducted to determine if SLOS has the same methylome epimutations as ART-LOS. In this study, we performed whole-genome bisulphite sequencing to examine global DNA methylation in bovine SLOS and ART-LOS tissues. We observed unique patterns of global distribution of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) over different genomic contexts, such as promoters, CpG Islands, shores and shelves, as well as at repetitive sequences. In addition, we included data from two previous LOS studies to identify shared vulnerable genomic loci in LOS. Overall, we identified 320 genomic loci in LOS that have alterations in DNA methylation when compared to controls. Specifically, there are 25 highly vulnerable loci that could potentially serve as molecular markers for the diagnosis of LOS, including at the promoters of DMRT2 and TBX18, at the imprinted gene bodies of IGF2R, PRDM8, and BLCAP/NNAT, and at multiple CpG Islands. We also observed tissue-specific DNA methylation patterns between muscle and blood, and conservation of ART-induced DNA methylation changes between muscle and blood. We conclude that as ART-LOS, SLOS is an epigenetic condition. In addition, SLOS and ART-LOS share similarities in methylome epimutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahan Li
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jordana Sena Lopes
- Physiology Department. International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research (Campus Mare Nostrum), Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain.,Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development (MED), University of Évora, Portugal
| | - Pilar Coy Fuster
- Physiology Department. International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research (Campus Mare Nostrum), Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
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Lavin KM, Bell MB, McAdam JS, Peck BD, Walton RG, Windham ST, Tuggle SC, Long DE, Kern PA, Peterson CA, Bamman MM. Muscle transcriptional networks linked to resistance exercise training hypertrophic response heterogeneity. Physiol Genomics 2021; 53:206-221. [PMID: 33870722 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00154.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The skeletal muscle hypertrophic response to resistance exercise training (RT) is highly variable across individuals. The molecular underpinnings of this heterogeneity are unclear. This study investigated transcriptional networks linked to RT-induced muscle hypertrophy, classified as 1) predictive of hypertrophy, 2) responsive to RT independent of muscle hypertrophy, or 3) plastic with hypertrophy. Older adults (n = 31, 18 F/13 M, 70 ± 4 yr) underwent 14-wk RT (3 days/wk, alternating high-low-high intensity). Muscle hypertrophy was assessed by pre- to post-RT change in mid-thigh muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) [computed tomography (CT), primary outcome] and thigh lean mass [dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), secondary outcome]. Transcriptome-wide poly-A RNA-seq was performed on vastus lateralis tissue collected pre- (n = 31) and post-RT (n = 22). Prediction networks (using only baseline RNA-seq) were identified by weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA). To identify Plasticity networks, WGCNA change indices for paired samples were calculated and correlated to changes in muscle size outcomes. Pathway-level information extractor (PLIER) was applied to identify Response networks and link genes to biological annotation. Prediction networks (n = 6) confirmed transcripts previously connected to resistance/aerobic training adaptations in the MetaMEx database while revealing novel member genes that should fuel future research to understand the influence of baseline muscle gene expression on hypertrophy. Response networks (n = 6) indicated RT-induced increase in aerobic metabolism and reduced expression of genes associated with spliceosome biology and type-I myofibers. A single exploratory Plasticity network was identified. Findings support that interindividual differences in baseline gene expression may contribute more than RT-induced changes in gene networks to muscle hypertrophic response heterogeneity. Code/Data: https://github.com/kallavin/MASTERS_manuscript/tree/master.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleen M Lavin
- Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida
| | - Margaret B Bell
- Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jeremy S McAdam
- Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Bailey D Peck
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - R Grace Walton
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Samuel T Windham
- Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - S Craig Tuggle
- Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Douglas E Long
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Philip A Kern
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Charlotte A Peterson
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Marcas M Bamman
- Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida
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8
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Roland BP, Naito T, Best JT, Arnaiz-Yépez C, Takatsu H, Yu RJ, Shin HW, Graham TR. Yeast and human P4-ATPases transport glycosphingolipids using conserved structural motifs. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:1794-1806. [PMID: 30530492 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid transport is an essential process with manifest importance to human health and disease. Phospholipid flippases (P4-ATPases) transport lipids across the membrane bilayer and are involved in signal transduction, cell division, and vesicular transport. Mutations in flippase genes cause or contribute to a host of diseases, such as cholestasis, neurological deficits, immunological dysfunction, and metabolic disorders. Genome-wide association studies have shown that ATP10A and ATP10D variants are associated with an increased risk of diabetes, obesity, myocardial infarction, and atherosclerosis. Moreover, ATP10D SNPs are associated with elevated levels of glucosylceramide (GlcCer) in plasma from diverse European populations. Although sphingolipids strongly contribute to metabolic disease, little is known about how GlcCer is transported across cell membranes. Here, we identify a conserved clade of P4-ATPases from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Dnf1, Dnf2), Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Dnf2), and Homo sapiens (ATP10A, ATP10D) that transport GlcCer bearing an sn2 acyl-linked fluorescent tag. Further, we establish structural determinants necessary for recognition of this sphingolipid substrate. Using enzyme chimeras and site-directed mutagenesis, we observed that residues in transmembrane (TM) segments 1, 4, and 6 contribute to GlcCer selection, with a conserved glutamine in the center of TM4 playing an essential role. Our molecular observations help refine models for substrate translocation by P4-ATPases, clarify the relationship between these flippases and human disease, and have fundamental implications for membrane organization and sphingolipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartholomew P Roland
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235 and
| | - Tomoki Naito
- the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Jordan T Best
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235 and
| | - Cayetana Arnaiz-Yépez
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235 and
| | - Hiroyuki Takatsu
- the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Roger J Yu
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235 and
| | - Hye-Won Shin
- the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Todd R Graham
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235 and
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Lipid-gene regulatory network reveals coregulations of triacylglycerol with phosphatidylinositol/lysophosphatidylinositol and with hexosyl-ceramide. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1864:168-180. [PMID: 30521938 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Lipid homeostasis is important for executing normal cellular functions and maintaining physiological conditions. The biophysical properties and intricate metabolic network of lipids underlie the coordinated regulation of different lipid species in lipid homeostasis. To reveal the homeostatic response among different lipids, we systematically knocked down 40 lipid metabolism genes in Drosophila S2 cells by RNAi and profiled the lipidomic changes. Clustering analyses of lipids reveal that many pairs of genes acting in a sequential fashion or sharing the same substrate are tightly clustered. Through a lipid-gene regulatory network analysis, we further found that a reduction of triacylglycerol (TAG) is associated with an increase of phosphatidylinositol (PI) and lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) or a reduction of hexosyl-ceramide (HexCer) and hydroxylated hexosyl-ceramide (OH-HexCer). Importantly, negative coregulation between TAG and LPI/PI, and positive coregulation between TAG and HexCer, were also found in human Hela cells. Together, our results reveal coregulations of TAG with PI/LPI and with HexCer in lipid homeostasis.
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Jia D, Li Z, Gao Y, Feng Y, Li W. A novel triazine ring compound (MD568) exerts in vivo and in vitro effects on lipid metabolism. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:790-799. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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van der Ven AT, Kobbe B, Kohl S, Shril S, Pogoda HM, Imhof T, Ityel H, Vivante A, Chen J, Hwang DY, Connaughton DM, Mann N, Widmeier E, Taglienti M, Schmidt JM, Nakayama M, Senguttuvan P, Kumar S, Tasic V, Kehinde EO, Mane SM, Lifton RP, Soliman N, Lu W, Bauer SB, Hammerschmidt M, Wagener R, Hildebrandt F. A homozygous missense variant in VWA2, encoding an interactor of the Fraser-complex, in a patient with vesicoureteral reflux. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191224. [PMID: 29351342 PMCID: PMC5774751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are the most common cause (40-50%) of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children. About 40 monogenic causes of CAKUT have so far been discovered. To date less than 20% of CAKUT cases can be explained by mutations in these 40 genes. To identify additional monogenic causes of CAKUT, we performed whole exome sequencing (WES) and homozygosity mapping (HM) in a patient with CAKUT from Indian origin and consanguineous descent. We identified a homozygous missense mutation (c.1336C>T, p.Arg446Cys) in the gene Von Willebrand factor A domain containing 2 (VWA2). With immunohistochemistry studies on kidneys of newborn (P1) mice, we show that Vwa2 and Fraser extracellular matrix complex subunit 1 (Fras1) co-localize in the nephrogenic zone of the renal cortex. We identified a pronounced expression of Vwa2 in the basement membrane of the ureteric bud (UB) and derivatives of the metanephric mesenchyme (MM). By applying in vitro assays, we demonstrate that the Arg446Cys mutation decreases translocation of monomeric VWA2 protein and increases translocation of aggregated VWA2 protein into the extracellular space. This is potentially due to the additional, unpaired cysteine residue in the mutated protein that is used for intermolecular disulfide bond formation. VWA2 is a known, direct interactor of FRAS1 of the Fraser-Complex (FC). FC-encoding genes and interacting proteins have previously been implicated in the pathogenesis of syndromic and/or isolated CAKUT phenotypes in humans. VWA2 therefore constitutes a very strong candidate in the search for novel CAKUT-causing genes. Our results from in vitro experiments indicate a dose-dependent neomorphic effect of the Arg446Cys homozygous mutation in VWA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie T. van der Ven
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Birgit Kobbe
- Center for Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Kohl
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Cologne Children’s Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| | - Shirlee Shril
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hans-Martin Pogoda
- Institute of Zoology-Developmental Biology, Biocenter Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Imhof
- Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hadas Ityel
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Asaf Vivante
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Jing Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daw-Yang Hwang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Dervla M. Connaughton
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nina Mann
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eugen Widmeier
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mary Taglienti
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Johanna Magdalena Schmidt
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Makiko Nakayama
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Prabha Senguttuvan
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Dr. Mehta’s Multispeciality Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Selvin Kumar
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, the Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Velibor Tasic
- Medical Faculty Skopje, University Children’s Hospital, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Elijah O. Kehinde
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Shrikant M. Mane
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Richard P. Lifton
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Neveen Soliman
- Department of Pediatrics, Center of Pediatric Nephrology & Transplantation, Cairo University, Egyptian Group for Orphan Renal Diseases, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Weining Lu
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stuart B. Bauer
- Department of Urology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Matthias Hammerschmidt
- Institute of Zoology-Developmental Biology, Biocenter Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Raimund Wagener
- Center for Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- * E-mail: (RW); (FH)
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RW); (FH)
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