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Follmer ML, Isner T, Ozekin YH, Levitt C, Bates EA. Depolarization induces calcium-dependent BMP4 release from mouse embryonic palate mesenchyme. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.11.598333. [PMID: 38915514 PMCID: PMC11195066 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.11.598333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Ion channels are essential for proper morphogenesis of the craniofacial skeleton. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are unknown. Loss of the Kcnj2 potassium channel disrupts Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling within the developing palate. BMP signaling is essential for the correct development of several skeletal structures, including the palate, though little is known about the mechanisms that govern BMP secretion. We introduce a tool to image the release of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) from mammalian cells. Using this tool, we show that depolarization induces BMP4 release from mouse embryonic palate mesenchyme cells in a calcium-dependent manner. We show native transient changes in intracellular calcium occur in cranial neural crest cells, the cells from which embryonic palate mesenchyme derives. Waves of transient changes in intracellular calcium suggest that these cells are electrically coupled and may temporally coordinate BMP release. These transient changes in intracellular calcium persist in palate mesenchyme cells from embryonic day (E) 9.5 to 13.5 mice. Disruption of Kcnj2 significantly decreases the amplitude of calcium transients and the ability of cells to secrete BMP. Together, these data suggest that temporal control of developmental cues is regulated by ion channels, depolarization, and changes in intracellular calcium for mammalian craniofacial morphogenesis. SUMMARY We show that embryonic palate mesenchyme cells undergo transient changes in intracellular calcium. Depolarization of these cells induces BMP4 release suggesting that ion channels are a node in BMP4 signaling.
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Forman TE, Sajek MP, Larson ED, Mukherjee N, Fantauzzo KA. PDGFRα signaling regulates Srsf3 transcript binding to affect PI3K signaling and endosomal trafficking. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.03.587975. [PMID: 38617350 PMCID: PMC11014628 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.03.587975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Signaling through the platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRa) plays a critical role in craniofacial development, as mutations in PDGFRA are associated with cleft lip/palate in humans and Pdgfra mutant mouse models display varying degrees of facial clefting. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt is the primary effector of PDGFRα signaling during skeletal development in the mouse. We previously demonstrated that Akt phosphorylates the RNA-binding protein serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 3 (Srsf3) downstream of PI3K-mediated PDGFRa signaling in mouse embryonic palatal mesenchyme (MEPM) cells, leading to its nuclear translocation. We further showed that ablation of Srsf3 in the murine neural crest lineage results in severe midline facial clefting, due to defects in proliferation and survival of cranial neural crest cells, and widespread alternative RNA splicing (AS) changes. Here, we sought to determine the molecular mechanisms by which Srsf3 activity is regulated downstream of PDGFRa signaling to control AS of transcripts necessary for craniofacial development. We demonstrated via enhanced UV-crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (eCLIP) of MEPM cells that PDGF-AA stimulation leads to preferential binding of Srsf3 to exons and loss of binding to canonical Srsf3 CA-rich motifs. Through the analysis of complementary RNA-seq data, we showed that Srsf3 activity results in the preferential inclusion of exons with increased GC content and lower intron to exon length ratio. Moreover, we found that the subset of transcripts that are bound by Srsf3 and undergo AS upon PDGFRα signaling commonly encode regulators of PI3K signaling and early endosomal trafficking. Functional validation studies further confirmed that Srsf3 activity downstream of PDGFRα signaling leads to retention of the receptor in early endosomes and increases in downstream PI3K-mediated Akt signaling. Taken together, our findings reveal that growth factor-mediated phosphorylation of an RNA-binding protein underlies gene expression regulation necessary for mammalian craniofacial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E. Forman
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Marcin P. Sajek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Eric D. Larson
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Basic and Translational Sciences, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Neelanjan Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Katherine A. Fantauzzo
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Campaña MB, Perkins MR, McCabe MC, Neumann A, Larson ED, Fantauzzo KA. PDGFRα/β heterodimer activation negatively affects downstream ERK1/2 signaling and cellular proliferation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.27.573428. [PMID: 38234806 PMCID: PMC10793460 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.27.573428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) family of receptor tyrosine kinases allows cells to communicate with one another by binding to growth factors at the plasma membrane and activating intracellular signaling pathways to elicit responses such as migration, proliferation, survival and differentiation. The PDGFR family consists of two receptors, PDGFRα and PDGFRβ, that dimerize to form PDGFRα homodimers, PDGFRα/β heterodimers and PDGFRβ homodimers. Here, we overcame prior technical limitations in visualizing and purifying PDGFRα/β heterodimers by generating a cell line stably expressing C-terminal fusions of PDGFRα and PDGFRβ with bimolecular fluorescence complementation fragments corresponding to the N-terminal and C-terminal regions of the Venus fluorescent protein, respectively. We found that these receptors heterodimerize relatively quickly in response to PDGF-BB ligand treatment, with a peak of receptor autophosphorylation following 5 minutes of ligand stimulation. Moreover, we demonstrated that PDGFRα/β heterodimers are rapidly internalized into early endosomes, particularly signaling endosomes, where they dwell for extended lengths of time. We showed that PDGFRα/β heterodimer activation does not induce downstream phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and significantly inhibits cell proliferation. Further, we characterized the PDGFR dimer-specific interactome and identified MYO1D as a novel protein that preferentially binds PDGFRα/β heterodimers. We demonstrated that knockdown of MYO1D leads to retention of PDGFRα/β heterodimers at the plasma membrane, resulting in increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and increased cell proliferation. Collectively, our findings impart valuable insight into the molecular mechanisms by which specificity is introduced downstream of PDGFR activation to differentially propagate signaling and generate distinct cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria B. Campaña
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Madison R. Perkins
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Maxwell C. McCabe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Andrew Neumann
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Eric D. Larson
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Katherine A. Fantauzzo
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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4
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Dinsmore CJ, Soriano P. Differential regulation of cranial and cardiac neural crest by serum response factor and its cofactors. eLife 2022; 11:e75106. [PMID: 35044299 PMCID: PMC8806183 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum response factor (SRF) is an essential transcription factor that influences many cellular processes including cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. SRF directly regulates and is required for immediate early gene (IEG) and actin cytoskeleton-related gene expression. SRF coordinates these competing transcription programs through discrete sets of cofactors, the ternary complex factors (TCFs) and myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs). The relative contribution of these two programs to in vivo SRF activity and mutant phenotypes is not fully understood. To study how SRF utilizes its cofactors during development, we generated a knock-in SrfaI allele in mice harboring point mutations that disrupt SRF-MRTF-DNA complex formation but leave SRF-TCF activity unaffected. Homozygous SrfaI/aI mutants die at E10.5 with notable cardiovascular phenotypes, and neural crest conditional mutants succumb at birth to defects of the cardiac outflow tract but display none of the craniofacial phenotypes associated with complete loss of SRF in that lineage. Our studies further support an important role for MRTF mediating SRF function in cardiac neural crest and suggest new mechanisms by which SRF regulates transcription during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin J Dinsmore
- Department of Cell, Development and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Philippe Soriano
- Department of Cell, Development and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
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5
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Dennison BJC, Larson ED, Fu R, Mo J, Fantauzzo KA. Srsf3 mediates alternative RNA splicing downstream of PDGFRα signaling in the facial mesenchyme. Development 2021; 148:269256. [PMID: 34184034 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Signaling through the platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) is crucial for mammalian craniofacial development, although the mechanisms by which the activity of downstream intracellular effectors is regulated to mediate gene expression changes have not been defined. We find that the RNA-binding protein Srsf3 is phosphorylated at Akt consensus sites downstream of PI3K-mediated PDGFRα signaling in mouse palatal mesenchyme cells, leading to its nuclear translocation. We further demonstrate that ablation of Srsf3 in the mouse neural crest lineage leads to facial clefting due to defective cranial neural crest cell proliferation and survival. Finally, we show that Srsf3 regulates the alternative RNA splicing of transcripts encoding protein kinases in the mouse facial process mesenchyme to regulate PDGFRα-dependent intracellular signaling. Collectively, our findings reveal that alternative RNA splicing is an important mechanism of gene expression regulation downstream of PI3K/Akt-mediated PDGFRα signaling in the facial mesenchyme and identify Srsf3 as a critical regulator of craniofacial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna J C Dennison
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Eric D Larson
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rui Fu
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Julia Mo
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Katherine A Fantauzzo
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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6
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Goering JP, Isai DG, Czirok A, Saadi I. Isolation and Time-Lapse Imaging of Primary Mouse Embryonic Palatal Mesenchyme Cells to Analyze Collective Movement Attributes. J Vis Exp 2021. [PMID: 33645552 DOI: 10.3791/62151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of the palate is a dynamic process, which involves vertical growth of bilateral palatal shelves next to the tongue followed by elevation and fusion above the tongue. Defects in this process lead to cleft palate, a common birth defect. Recent studies have shown that palatal shelf elevation involves a remodeling process that transforms the orientation of the shelf from a vertical to a horizontal one. The role of the palatal shelf mesenchymal cells in this dynamic remodeling has been difficult to study. Time-lapse-imaging-based quantitative analysis has been recently used to show that primary mouse embryonic palatal mesenchymal (MEPM) cells can self-organize into a collective movement. Quantitative analyses could identify differences in mutant MEPM cells from a mouse model with palate elevation defects. This paper describes methods to isolate and culture MEPM cells from E13.5 embryos-specifically for time-lapse imaging-and to determine various cellular attributes of collective movement, including measures for stream formation, shape alignment, and persistence of direction. It posits that MEPM cells can serve as a proxy model for studying the role of palatal shelf mesenchyme during the dynamic process of elevation. These quantitative methods will allow investigators in the craniofacial field to assess and compare collective movement attributes in control and mutant cells, which will augment the understanding of mesenchymal remodeling during palatal shelf elevation. Furthermore, MEPM cells provide a rare mesenchymal cell model for investigation of collective cell movement in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy P Goering
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center
| | - Dona Greta Isai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center
| | - Andras Czirok
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center; Department of Biological Physics, Eotvos University;
| | - Irfan Saadi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center;
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7
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Goering JP, Isai DG, Hall EG, Wilson NR, Kosa E, Wenger LW, Umar Z, Yousaf A, Czirok A, Saadi I. SPECC1L-deficient primary mouse embryonic palatal mesenchyme cells show speed and directionality defects. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1452. [PMID: 33446878 PMCID: PMC7809270 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) are common anomalies occurring in 1/800 live-births. Pathogenic SPECC1L variants have been identified in patients with CL/P, which signifies a primary role for SPECC1L in craniofacial development. Specc1l mutant mouse embryos exhibit delayed palatal shelf elevation accompanied by epithelial defects. We now posit that the process of palate elevation is itself abnormal in Specc1l mutants, due to defective remodeling of palatal mesenchyme. To characterize the underlying cellular defect, we studied the movement of primary mouse embryonic palatal mesenchyme (MEPM) cells using live-imaging of wound-repair assays. SPECC1L-deficient MEPM cells exhibited delayed wound-repair, however, reduced cell speed only partially accounted for this delay. Interestingly, mutant MEPM cells were also defective in coordinated cell movement. Therefore, we used open-field 2D cultures of wildtype MEPM cells to show that they indeed formed cell streams at high density, which is an important attribute of collective movement. Furthermore, activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway rescued both cell speed and guidance defects in Specc1l mutant MEPM cells. Thus, we show that live-imaging of primary MEPM cells can be used to assess mesenchymal remodeling defects during palatal shelf elevation, and identify a novel role for SPECC1L in collective movement through modulation of PI3K-AKT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy P Goering
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Dona G Isai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Everett G Hall
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- Clinical Research Training Center, Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nathan R Wilson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edina Kosa
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Luke W Wenger
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Zaid Umar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Abdul Yousaf
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Andras Czirok
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
| | - Irfan Saadi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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8
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Ray AT, Mazot P, Brewer JR, Catela C, Dinsmore CJ, Soriano P. FGF signaling regulates development by processes beyond canonical pathways. Genes Dev 2020; 34:1735-1752. [PMID: 33184218 PMCID: PMC7706708 DOI: 10.1101/gad.342956.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
FGFs are key developmental regulators that engage a signal transduction cascade through receptor tyrosine kinases, prominently engaging ERK1/2 but also other pathways. However, it remains unknown whether all FGF activities depend on this canonical signal transduction cascade. To address this question, we generated allelic series of knock-in Fgfr1 and Fgfr2 mouse strains, carrying point mutations that disrupt binding of signaling effectors, and a kinase dead allele of Fgfr2 that broadly phenocopies the null mutant. When interrogated in cranial neural crest cells, we identified discrete functions for signaling pathways in specific craniofacial contexts, but point mutations, even when combined, failed to recapitulate the single or double null mutant phenotypes. Furthermore, the signaling mutations abrogated established FGF-induced signal transduction pathways, yet FGF functions such as cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion remained unaffected, though these activities did require FGFR kinase activity. Our studies establish combinatorial roles of Fgfr1 and Fgfr2 in development and uncouple novel FGFR kinase-dependent cell adhesion properties from canonical intracellular signaling.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Adhesion/genetics
- Cell Death/genetics
- Cells, Cultured
- Fibroblast Growth Factors/physiology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/genetics
- Mice
- Mutation
- Neural Crest/cytology
- Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/metabolism
- Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan T Ray
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Pierre Mazot
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - J Richard Brewer
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Catarina Catela
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Colin J Dinsmore
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Philippe Soriano
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
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9
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Mo J, Long R, Fantauzzo KA. Pdgfra and Pdgfrb Genetically Interact in the Murine Neural Crest Cell Lineage to Regulate Migration and Proliferation. Front Physiol 2020; 11:588901. [PMID: 33224039 PMCID: PMC7667248 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.588901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cranial neural crest cells (cNCCs) are migratory, multipotent cells that originate from the forebrain to the hindbrain and eventually give rise to the cartilage and bone of the frontonasal skeleton, among other derivatives. Signaling through the two members of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) family of receptor tyrosine kinases, alpha and beta, plays critical roles in the cNCC lineage to regulate craniofacial development during murine embryogenesis. Further, the PDGFRs have been shown to genetically interact during murine craniofacial development at mid-to-late gestation. Here, we examined the effect of ablating both Pdgfra and Pdgfrb in the murine NCC lineage on earlier craniofacial development and determined the cellular mechanisms by which the observed phenotypes arose. Our results confirm a genetic interaction between the two receptors in this lineage, as phenotypes observed in an allelic series of mutant embryos often worsened with the addition of conditional alleles. The defects observed here appear to stem from aberrant cNCC migration, as well as decreased proliferation of the facial mesenchyme upon combined decreases in PDGFRα and PDGFRβ signaling. Importantly, we found that PDGFRα plays a predominant role in cNCC migration whereas PDGFRβ primarily contributes to proliferation of the facial mesenchyme past mid-gestation. Our findings provide insight into the distinct mechanisms by which PDGFRα and PDGFRβ signaling regulate cNCC activity and subsequent craniofacial development in the mouse embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katherine A. Fantauzzo
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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10
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Lukacs M, Roberts T, Chatuverdi P, Stottmann RW. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis and remodeling are required for neural tube closure, heart development, and cranial neural crest cell survival. eLife 2019; 8:45248. [PMID: 31232685 PMCID: PMC6611694 DOI: 10.7554/elife.45248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors attach nearly 150 proteins to the cell membrane. Patients with pathogenic variants in GPI biosynthesis genes develop diverse phenotypes including seizures, dysmorphic facial features and cleft palate through an unknown mechanism. We identified a novel mouse mutant (cleft lip/palate, edema and exencephaly; Clpex) with a hypo-morphic mutation in Post-Glycophosphatidylinositol Attachment to Proteins-2 (Pgap2), a component of the GPI biosynthesis pathway. The Clpex mutation decreases surface GPI expression. Surprisingly, Pgap2 showed tissue-specific expression with enrichment in the brain and face. We found the Clpex phenotype is due to apoptosis of neural crest cells (NCCs) and the cranial neuroepithelium. We showed folinic acid supplementation in utero can partially rescue the cleft lip phenotype. Finally, we generated a novel mouse model of NCC-specific total GPI deficiency. These mutants developed median cleft lip and palate demonstrating a previously undocumented cell autonomous role for GPI biosynthesis in NCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall Lukacs
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Tia Roberts
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Praneet Chatuverdi
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Rolf W Stottmann
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States.,Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States
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