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Xu D, Dondup D, Dou T, Wang C, Zhang R, Fan C, Guo A, Lhundrup N, Ga Z, Liu M, Wu B, Gao J, Zhang J, Guo G. HvGST plays a key role in anthocyanin accumulation in colored barley. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:47-59. [PMID: 36377282 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Blue aleurone of barley is caused by the accumulation of delphinidin-based derivatives. Although these compounds are ideal nutrients for human health, they are undesirable contaminants in malt brewing. Therefore, the ability to add and remove this trait easily would facilitate breeding barley for different purposes. Here we identified a glutathione S-transferase gene (HvGST) that was responsible for the blue aleurone trait in Tibetan qingke barley by performing a genome-wide association study and RNA-sequencing analysis. Gene variation and expression analysis indicated that HvGST also participates in the transport and accumulation of anthocyanin in purple barley. Haplotype and the geographic distribution analyses of HvGST alleles revealed two independent natural variants responsible for the emergence of white aleurone: a 203-bp deletion causing premature termination of translation in qingke barley and two key single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter resulting in low transcription in Western barley. This study contributes to a better understanding of mechanisms of colored barley formation, and provides a comprehensive reference for marker-assisted barley breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization (MARA), The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICS-CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Dawa Dondup
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Research Institute of Agriculture, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850002, Tibet, China
| | - Tingyu Dou
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization (MARA), The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICS-CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chunchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization (MARA), The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICS-CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Renxu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization (MARA), The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICS-CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chaofeng Fan
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization (MARA), The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICS-CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Aikui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization (MARA), The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICS-CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Namgyal Lhundrup
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Research Institute of Agriculture, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850002, Tibet, China
| | - Zhuo Ga
- Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College of Tibet University, Linzhi, 860000, Tibet, China
| | - Minxuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization (MARA), The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICS-CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization (MARA), The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICS-CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jia Gao
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization (MARA), The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICS-CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization (MARA), The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICS-CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ganggang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization (MARA), The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICS-CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
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Efremova T, Morozov S, Chernyak E, Chumanova E. Combining the genes of blue aleurone and purple pericarp in the genotype of spring bread wheat Saratovskaya 29 to increase anthocyanins in grain. J Cereal Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2022.103616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Sharma S, Kumar A, Singh D, Kumari A, Kapoor P, Kaur S, Shreon B, Garg M. Integrated transcriptional and metabolomics signature pattern of pigmented wheat to insight the seed pigmentation and other associated features. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 189:59-70. [PMID: 36055054 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants is complex, especially in a polyploid monocot wheat plant. Using whole-genome sequencing, transcriptomics, and LC-MS/MS, we investigated anthocyanin pigmentation patterns in (black, blue, and purple) colored wheat seeds. According to differential gene expression profiling, 2AS-MYC, 7DL-MYB, and WD40 regulatory genes control purple pericarp coloration, 4DL-MYC, 2AS-MYC, 7DL-MYB, WD40 control blue aleurone coloration, and 4DL-MYC, 7DL-MYB, WD40 controls black aleurone color. We hypothesized that at least one MYC and MYB isoform is sufficient to regulate the anthocyanin synthesis in pericarp or aleurone. Transcriptomics and metabolomics revealed that the purple pericarp trait is associated with acylated anthocyanins compared to blue aleurone. Based upon the reduced expressions of the genes belonging to the 4D, SSR molecular marker mapping, variant calling using genome sequencing, and IGV browser gene structure visualization, it was inferred that the advanced black and blue wheat lines were substitution lines (4E{4D}), with very small recombinations. Pericarp anthocyanin pigmentation is controlled by a mutation in chromosome 2AS of purple wheat, and environmental variations influence pigmented pericarp trait. The expression patterns of anthocyanin structural and other genes varied in different colored wheat, corroborating differences in agronomical metrics. Ovate seed shape trait in black and blue wheat dragged with 4E chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloni Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Dalwinder Singh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Anita Kumari
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Payal Kapoor
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Satveer Kaur
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Bhawna Shreon
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India; Regional Centre of Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Monika Garg
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India.
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Garg M, Kaur S, Sharma A, Kumari A, Tiwari V, Sharma S, Kapoor P, Sheoran B, Goyal A, Krishania M. Rising Demand for Healthy Foods-Anthocyanin Biofortified Colored Wheat Is a New Research Trend. Front Nutr 2022; 9:878221. [PMID: 35634383 PMCID: PMC9131936 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.878221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat is a vital and preferred energy source in many parts of the world. Its unique processing quality helps prepare many products such as bread, biscuit, pasta, and noodles. In the world of rapid economic growth, food security, in terms of nutritional profile, began to receive more significant interest. The development of biofortified colored wheat (black, purple, and blue) adds nutritional and functional health benefits to the energy-rich wheat. Colored wheat exists in three forms, purple, blue, and black, depending upon the types and position of the anthocyanins in wheat layers, regulated by the bHLH-MYC transcription factor. Colored wheat lines with high anthocyanin, iron, and zinc contents showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity and possessed desirable product-making and commercial utilization features. The anthocyanin in colored wheat also has a broad spectrum of health implications, such as protection against metabolic syndromes like obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. The idea of developing anthocyanin-biofortified wheat shapes human beings' lifestyles as it is a staple food crop in many parts of the world. This review is a compilation of the currently available information on colored wheat in the critical aspects, including biochemistry, food processing, nutrition, genetics, breeding, and its effect on human health. Market generation and consumer awareness creation are vital challenges for its exploitation as a function food on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Garg
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Satveer Kaur
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India.,Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anjali Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Anita Kumari
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India.,Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vandita Tiwari
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India.,Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Saloni Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Payal Kapoor
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India.,Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bhawna Sheoran
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Ajay Goyal
- Chitkara University School of Engineering & Technology, Chitkara University, Solan, India
| | - Meena Krishania
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Mohali, India
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Wang Q, He Z, Wang L, Qi Z. 染色体工程在杂交小麦育种中的应用进展. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2022. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2022-0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Dwivedi SL, Mattoo AK, Garg M, Dutt S, Singh B, Ortiz R. Developing Germplasm and Promoting Consumption of Anthocyanin-Rich Grains for Health Benefits. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.867897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition, unhealthy diets, and lifestyle changes are the major risk factors for overweight and obesity-linked chronic diseases in humans adversely impact achieving sustainable development goals. Colored grains are a source of anthocyanins, a group of flavonoids, that contribute positively to human health. This review focuses on genetic variation harnessed through breeding and biotechnology tools for developing anthocyanin-rich grain crops. Agronomic practices, genotype × environment interactions, different stresses, seed development and seed maturity are factors that impact the content and composition of anthocyanins. Significant progress has been made in characterizing genes associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis in cereal and other crops. Breeding has led to the development and release of grain anthocyanin-rich crop cultivars in Europe, America and in some countries in Asia. Notably, genetic engineering utilizing specific transcription factors and gene editing has led to the development of anthocyanin-rich genetic variants without any significant yield penalty. A variety of food products derived from colored grains or flours are now available in grocery stores and supermarkets worldwide. The public perception about anthocyanin-rich food is positive, but availability, affordability, and willingness to pay a higher price than before limit consumption. Together with other seed nutrition traits in breeding programs the inclusion of anthocyanins can ensure the development of cultivars that meet nutrition needs of humans, especially in the developing world.
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8
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Zhang S, Sun F, Zhang C, Zhang M, Wang W, Zhang C, Xi Y. Anthocyanin Biosynthesis and a Regulatory Network of Different-Colored Wheat Grains Revealed by Multiomics Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:887-900. [PMID: 35029408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Colored wheat has always been a popular research area because of its high performance in the field and significant medical uses. Progress has been made mapping the genes of purple or blue grains; however, the reason why different grain colors form in wheat is not well understood. We created wheat lines with different grain colors (purple and blue) using the white grain cultivar Xiaoyan22 and located the candidate region related to the purple and blue grains in chromosome 2A, 2B, and 4D, 2A, respectively, by the bulked segregant RNA-seq. The transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of the three grains at different developmental stages indicated that the upregulation of flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase/flavonoid 3',5'hydroxylase 2 and TaMYC1/TaMYC4 was important for the formation of purple/blue grains. The blue TaMYC4 had 16 nonsynonymous single nucleotide variants verified by Sanger sequencing and possessed a different splicing mode in the bHLH_MYC_N domain compared with the reference database. Targeted high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry analysis of anthocyanins found that the purple and blue grains contained more pelargonidin, cyanidin, and delphinidin, respectively. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the different color formations of wheat grains and useful information about genetic improvements in wheat and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fengli Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chuqiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Mingting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yajun Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Liu X, Zhang M, Jiang X, Li H, Jia Z, Hao M, Jiang B, Huang L, Ning S, Yuan Z, Chen X, Chen X, Liu D, Liu B, Zhang L. TbMYC4A Is a Candidate Gene Controlling the Blue Aleurone Trait in a Wheat- Triticum boeoticum Substitution Line. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:762265. [PMID: 34804098 PMCID: PMC8603940 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.762265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Triticum boeoticum Boiss (AbAb, 2n = 2x = 14) is one of the sources of the blue grain trait controlled by blue aleurone layer 2 (Ba2). However, the underlying genes have not been cloned. In this study, a transcriptomic comparison between a blue-grained wheat-T. boeoticum substitution line and its wheat parent identified 41 unigenes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis and 29 unigenes related to transport. The bHLH transcription factor gene TbMYC4A showed a higher expression level in the blue-grained substitution line. TbMYC4A contained the three characteristic bHLH transcription factor domains (bHLH-MYC_N, HLH and ACT-like) and clustered with genes identified from other wheat lines with the blue grain trait derived from other Triticeae species. TbMYC4A overexpression confirmed that it was a functional bHLH transcription factor. The analysis of a TbMYC4A-specific marker showed that the gene was also present in T. boeoticum and T. monococcum with blue aleurone but absent in other Triticeae materials with white aleurone. These results indicate that TbMYC4A is a candidate gene of Ba2 controlling the blue aleurone trait. The isolation of TbMYC4A is helpful for further clarifying the genetic mechanism of the blue aleurone trait and is of great significance for breeding blue-grained wheat varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minghu Zhang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaomei Jiang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Li
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenjiao Jia
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Hao
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shunzong Ning
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongwei Yuan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuejiao Chen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dengcai Liu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Baolong Liu
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota (AEPB), Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Lianquan Zhang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Lap B, Rai M, Tyagi W. Playing with colours: genetics and regulatory mechanisms for anthocyanin pathway in cereals. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2021; 37:1-29. [PMID: 34470563 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2021.1928991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cereals form the most important source of energy in our food. Currently, demand for coloured food grains is significantly increasing globally because of their antioxidant properties and enhanced nutritional value. Coloured grains of major and minor cereals are due to accumulation of secondary metabolites like carotenoids and flavonoids such as anthocyanin, proanthocyanin, phlobaphenes in pericarp, aleurone, lemma, testa or seed coat of grains. Differential accumulation of colour in grains is regulated by several regulatory proteins and enzymes involved in flavonoid and caroteniod biosynthesis. MYB and bHLH gene family members are the major regulators of these pathways. Genes for colour across various cereals have been extensively studied; however, only a few functional and allele-specific markers to be utilized directly in breeding programmes are reported so far. In this review, while briefly discussing the well studied and explored carotenoid pathway, we focus on a much more complex anthocyanin pathway that is found across cereals. The genes and their orthologs that are responsible for encoding key regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis are discussed. This review also focuses on the genetic factors that influence colour change in different cereal crops, and the available/reported markers that can be used in breeding programs for utilizing this pathway for enhancing food and nutritional security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharati Lap
- School of Crop Improvement, CPGS-AS, CAU (I), Umiam, India
| | - Mayank Rai
- School of Crop Improvement, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University (Imphal) College of Post-Graduate Studies, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - Wricha Tyagi
- New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Umiam, India
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Meziani S, Nadaud I, Tasleem-Tahir A, Nurit E, Benguella R, Branlard G. Wheat aleurone layer: A site enriched with nutrients and bioactive molecules with potential nutritional opportunities for breeding. J Cereal Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2021.103225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Strygina KV. Synthesis of Flavonoid Pigments in Grain of Representatives of Poaceae: General Patterns and Exceptions in N.I. Vavilov’s Homologous Series. RUSS J GENET+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795420110095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Gao J, Sun X, Zong Y, Yang S, Wang L, Liu B. Functional MYB transcription factor gene HtMYB2 is associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis in Helianthus tuberosus L. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:247. [PMID: 32487142 PMCID: PMC7268318 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02463-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuber color is an important trait for Helianthus tuberosus L. (Jerusalem artichoke). Usually, purple tubers with high anthocyanin content are more nutritious than white tuber. But, the molecular mechanism underlying it is unknown. RESULTS In the current study, high-throughput RNA-sequencing was used to compare the transcriptomes between plants with tubers with red or white epidermis. Compared with the white-skinned tubers of cultivar QY3, anthocyanin biosynthesis structural genes had greater expression in the red-skinned tubers of cultivar QY1, indicating that the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway was activated in 'QY1'; quantitative PCR confirmed this difference in expression. HtMYB2 (Unigene44371_All) was the only MYB transcription factor, homologous to the MYB transcription factor regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis, expressed in the red tuber epidermis of 'QY1'. The anthocyanin concentration in the root, stem, leaf, flower, and tuber epidermis of 'QY1' was higher than in 'QY3', especially tuber epidermis. Correspondingly, HtMYB2 had greater expression in these tissues of 'QY1' than in 'QY3'. The expression of HtMYB2 was associated with anthocyanin accumulation in the different tissues. Overexpression of HtMYB2 activated the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, accumulating the pigment in leaves of transgenic tobacco, supporting the model that HtMYB2 regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis. Further experiments found that HtMYB2 had the same coding sequence and genomic sequence in 'QY1' and 'QY3', but that there were several single nucleotide polymorphisms and one insertion-deletion (indel) mutation of 21 nucleotides in the promoter region between the two alleles. The deletion of three nucleotides "AAA" made the promoter of 'QY1' predicted to contain one more possible promoter region. A specific primer, based on the indel, could differentiate between cultivars with red or white tuber epidermis. The genetic variation in HtMYB2 was associated with the tuber skin color in a natural population. CONCLUSIONS RNA-seq can successfully isolate the candidate gene (HTMYB2) controlling anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple epidermis of Jerusalem artichoke tuber. HTMYB2 can regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants and is closely related to the formation of purple phenotype in tubers. This study should be useful in understanding the genetic mechanism underlying different tuber skin colors and in breeding new H. tuberosus cultivars with different tuber skin colors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieming Gao
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Xuemei Sun
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Yuan Zong
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Shipeng Yang
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Lihui Wang
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Baolong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810001, China.
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Jia Y, Selva C, Zhang Y, Li B, McFawn LA, Broughton S, Zhang X, Westcott S, Wang P, Tan C, Angessa T, Xu Y, Whitford R, Li C. Uncovering the evolutionary origin of blue anthocyanins in cereal grains. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:1057-1074. [PMID: 31571294 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Functional divergence after gene duplication plays a central role in plant evolution. Among cereals, only Hordeum vulgare (barley), Triticum aestivum (wheat) and Secale cereale (rye) accumulate delphinidin-derived (blue) anthocyanins in the aleurone layer of grains, whereas Oryza sativa (rice), Zea mays (maize) and Sorghum bicolor (sorghum) do not. The underlying genetic basis for this natural occurrence remains elusive. Here, we mapped the barley Blx1 locus involved in blue aleurone to an approximately 1.13 Mb genetic interval on chromosome 4HL, thus identifying a trigenic cluster named MbHF35 (containing HvMYB4H, HvMYC4H and HvF35H). Sequence and expression data supported the role of these genes in conferring blue-coloured (blue aleurone) grains. Synteny analyses across monocot species showed that MbHF35 has only evolved within distinct Triticeae lineages, as a result of dispersed gene duplication. Phylogeny analyses revealed a shared evolution pattern for MbHF35 in Triticeae, suggesting that these genes have co-evolved together. We also identified a Pooideae-specific flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'H) lineage, termed here Mo_F35H2, which has a higher amino acid similarity with eudicot F3'5'Hs, demonstrating a scenario of convergent evolution. Indeed, selection tests identified 13 amino acid residues in Mo_F35H2 that underwent positive selection, possibly driven by protein thermostablility selection. Furthermore, through the interrogation of barley germplasm there is evidence that HvMYB4H and HvMYC4H have undergone human selection. Collectively, our study favours blue aleurone as a recently evolved trait resulting from environmental adaptation. Our findings provide an evolutionary explanation for the absence of blue anthocyanins in other cereals and highlight the importance of gene functional divergence for plant diversity and environmental adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jia
- Western Barley Genetic Alliance, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre (SABC), School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Caterina Selva
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Yujuan Zhang
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre (SABC), School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Bo Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, China
| | - Lee A McFawn
- Western Barley Genetic Alliance, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
- Department of Primary Industry and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, South Perth, WA, 6155, Australia
| | - Sue Broughton
- Western Barley Genetic Alliance, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
- Department of Primary Industry and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, South Perth, WA, 6155, Australia
| | - Xiaoqi Zhang
- Western Barley Genetic Alliance, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre (SABC), School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Sharon Westcott
- Western Barley Genetic Alliance, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
- Department of Primary Industry and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, South Perth, WA, 6155, Australia
| | - Penghao Wang
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre (SABC), School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Cong Tan
- Western Barley Genetic Alliance, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre (SABC), School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Tefera Angessa
- Western Barley Genetic Alliance, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
- Department of Primary Industry and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, South Perth, WA, 6155, Australia
| | - Yanhao Xu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, China
| | - Ryan Whitford
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Chengdao Li
- Western Barley Genetic Alliance, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre (SABC), School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
- Department of Primary Industry and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, South Perth, WA, 6155, Australia
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Liu X, Feng Z, Liang D, Zhang M, Liu X, Hao M, Liu D, Ning S, Yuan Z, Jiang B, Chen X, Chen X, Zhang L. Development, identification, and characterization of blue-grained wheat-Triticum boeoticum substitution lines. J Appl Genet 2020; 61:169-177. [PMID: 32072449 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-020-00553-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diploid wild einkorn wheat, Triticum boeoticum Boiss (AbAb, 2n = 2x = 14), is a wheat-related species with a blue aleurone layer. In this study, six blue-grained wheat lines were developed from F8 progeny of crosses between common wheat and T. boeoticum. The chromosome constitutions of these lines were characterized by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using the oligonucleotide probes Oligo-pTa535-1, Oligo-pSc119.2-1, Oligo-pTa71-2, and (AAC)7. Multicolor FISH using Oligo-pTa535-1, Oligo-pSc119.2-1, and Oligo-pTa71-2 identified all 42 common wheat chromosomes, while Oligo-pTa535-1 and (AAC)7 discriminated the 14 chromosomes of T. boeoticum. FISH revealed that all six blue-grained lines were wheat-T. boeoticum 4Ab (4B) disomic substitution lines. The substitution lines were validated by genotyping using the wheat 55 K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array containing 53,063 markers. These 4Ab (4B) substitution lines represent novel germplasm for blue-grained wheat breeding. The FISH probes and SNP markers used here can be applied in the development of blue-grained wheat-Triticum boeoticum translocation lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhen Feng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Dongyu Liang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Minghu Zhang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ming Hao
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Dengcai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shunzong Ning
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhongwei Yuan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xuejiao Chen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lianquan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China. .,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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16
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Zhao S, Xi X, Zong Y, Li S, Li Y, Cao D, Liu B. Overexpression of ThMYC4E Enhances Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Common Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E137. [PMID: 31878210 PMCID: PMC6982250 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The basic helix-loop helix (bHLH) transcription factor has been inferred to play an important role in blue and purple grain traits in common wheat, but to date, its overexpression has not been reported. In this study, the bHLH transcription factor ThMYC4E, the candidate gene controlling the blue grain trait from Th. Ponticum, was transferred to the common wheat JW1. The positive transgenic lines displayed higher levels of purple anthocyanin pigments in their grains, leaves and glumes. Stripping the glumes (light treatment) caused white grains to become purple in transgenic lines. RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the transcript levels of structural genes associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis were higher in transgenic wheat than the wild-type (WT), which indicated that ThMYC4E activated anthocyanin biosynthesis in the transgenic lines. Correspondingly, the anthocyanin contents in grains, roots, stems, leaves and glumes of transgenic lines were higher than those in the WT. Metabolome analysis demonstrated that the anthocyanins were composed of cyanidin and delphinidin in the grains of the transgenic lines. Moreover, the transgenic lines showed higher antioxidant activity, in terms of scavenging DPPH radicals, in the ethanol extracts of their grains. The overexpression of ThMYC4E sheds light on the traits related to anthocyanin biosynthesis in common wheat and provide a new way to improve anthocyanin content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhao
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China; (S.Z.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xingyuan Xi
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China; (S.Z.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuan Zong
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China; (S.Z.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shiming Li
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China; (S.Z.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
| | - Yun Li
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China; (S.Z.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dong Cao
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China; (S.Z.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
| | - Baolong Liu
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China; (S.Z.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
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17
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Zong Y, Li G, Xi X, Sun X, Li S, Cao D, Zhang H, Liu B. A bHLH transcription factor TsMYC2 is associated with the blue grain character in triticale (Triticum × Secale). PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:1291-1298. [PMID: 31352584 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02449-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
RNA-Seq was employed to compare the transcriptome differences between the triticale lines and to identify the key gene responsible for the blue aleurone trait. The accumulation of anthocyanins in the aleurone of triticale results in the formation of the blue-grained trait, but the identity of the genes associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis in the aleurone has not yet been reported. In this manuscript, RNA-Seq was employed to compare the transcriptome differences between the triticale lines HM13 (blue aleurone) and HM5 (white aleurone), and to identify the key genes responsible for the blue aleurone trait. There were 32,406 differentially expressed genes between HM13 and HM5. Seventy-three unigenes were homologous to the structural genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis, and the average transcript level of the structural genes was higher in HM13 than in HM5, so that quantitative differences between the two lines in transcription rates could be the cause of the blue aleurone. The MYB and bHLH transcription factors had two homologous unigenes, but contained only one differentially expressed unigene each. The relative transcript level of bHLH Unigene5672_All (TsMYC2) in HM13 was 42.71 times that in HM5, while the relative transcript level of the MYB transcription factor Unigene12228_All in HM13 was 2.20 times that in HM5. qPCR experiments determined the relative transcript level of TsMYC2 in developing grain, with the expression of TsMYC2 in grain being the highest compared with that in root, stem or leaf tissue. TsMYC2 was homologous to the bHLH transcription factor regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis and contained three entire functional domains: bHLH-MYC_N, HLH and ACT-like, which were important for exercising regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis as a bHLH transcription factor. Transient expression of ZmC1 and TsMYC2 could induce anthocyanin biosynthesis in white wheat coleoptile cells, demonstrating that TsMYC2 was a functional bHLH transcription factor. These results indicated that TsMYC2 was associated with the blue aleurone trait and could prove to be a valuable gene with which to breed new triticale cultivars with the blue aleurone trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zong
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 800010, Qinghai, China
| | - Guomin Li
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, China
| | - Xingyuan Xi
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, China
| | - Xuemei Sun
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology of Vegetables, Qinghai University, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shiming Li
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, China
| | - Dong Cao
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 800010, Qinghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, China
| | - Huaigang Zhang
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 800010, Qinghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Baolong Liu
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 800010, Qinghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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18
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Cao D, Fan J, Xi X, Zong Y, Wang D, Zhang H, Liu B. Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Key Genes Responsible for Red Coleoptiles in Triticum Monococcum. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 24:molecules24050932. [PMID: 30866466 PMCID: PMC6429503 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Red coleoptiles can help crops to cope with adversity and the key genes that are responsible for this trait have previously been isolated from Triticum aestivum, Triticum urartu, and Aegilops tauschii. This report describes the use of transcriptome analysis to determine the candidate gene that controls the trait for white coleoptiles in T. monococcum by screening three cultivars with white coleoptiles and two with red coleoptiles. Fifteen structural genes and two transcription factors that are involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis were identified from the assembled UniGene database through BLAST analysis and their transcript levels were then compared in white and red coleoptiles. The majority of the structural genes reflected lower transcript levels in the white than in the red coleoptiles, which implied that transcription factors related to anthocyanin biosynthesis could be candidate genes. The transcript levels of MYC transcription factor TmMYC-A1 were not significantly different between the white and red coleoptiles and all of the TmMYC-A1s contained complete functional domains. The deduced amino acid sequence of the MYB transcription factor TmMYB-A1 in red coleoptiles was homologous to TuMYB-A1, TaMYB-A1, TaMYB-B1, and TaMYB-D1, which control coleoptile color in corresponding species and contained the complete R2R3 MYB domain and the transactivation domain. TmMYB-a1 lost its two functional domains in white coleoptiles due to a single nucleotide deletion that caused premature termination at 13 bp after the initiation codon. Therefore, TmMYB-A1 is likely to be the candidate gene for the control of the red coleoptile trait, and its loss-of-function mutation leads to the white phenotype in T. monococcum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Cao
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 800010, Qinghai, China.
| | - Jiequn Fan
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China.
| | - Xingyuan Xi
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China.
| | - Yuan Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 800010, Qinghai, China.
| | - Dongxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 800010, Qinghai, China.
| | - Huaigang Zhang
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China.
| | - Baolong Liu
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China.
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19
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Zhang M, Jin X, Chen Y, Wei M, Liao W, Zhao S, Fu C, Yu L. TcMYC2a, a Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factor, Transduces JA-Signals and Regulates Taxol Biosynthesis in Taxus chinensis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:863. [PMID: 29977250 PMCID: PMC6021540 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The multitherapeutic taxol, which can be obtained from Taxus spp., is the most widely used anticancer drug. Taxol biosynthesis is significantly regulated by jasmonate acid (JA), one of the most important endogenous hormones in land plants. Nevertheless, the JA-inducing mechanism remains poorly understood. MYC2 is one of the key regulators of JA signal transfer and the biosynthesis of various secondary metabolites. Here, TcMYC2a was identified to contain a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)-leucine zipper domain, a bHLH-MYC_N domain, and a BIF/ACT-like domain. TcMYC2a was also found to bind with TcJAZ3 in yeast, which was a homolog of Arabidopsis JASMONATE ZIM-domain JAZ proteins, indicating that TcMYC2a had a similar function to AtMYC2 of JA signal transduction. TcMYC2a was able to affect the expression of GUS reporter gene by binding with the T/G-box, G-box, and E-box, which were the key cis-elements of TASY and TcERF12/15 promoter. TcMYC2a overexpression also led to significantly increased expression of TASY, tat, dbtnbt, t13h, and t5h genes. Additionally, TcERF15, which played the positive role to regulate tasy gene, was up-regulated by TcMYC2a. All these results revealed that TcMYC2a can regulate taxol biosynthesis either directly or via ERF regulators depending on JA signaling transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofei Jin
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mi Wei
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weifang Liao
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengying Zhao
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunhua Fu
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Chunhua Fu, Longjiang Yu,
| | - Longjiang Yu
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Chunhua Fu, Longjiang Yu,
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