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del Pino M, Cabello T, Hernández-Suárez E. Biological Control Options for the Golden Twin-Spot Moth, Chrysodeixis chalcites (Esper) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Banana Crops of the Canary Islands. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13060516. [PMID: 35735853 PMCID: PMC9225108 DOI: 10.3390/insects13060516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The golden twin-spot moth, Chrysodeixis chalcites, is a pest whose larvae cause serious skin injuries to banana fruits in the Canary Islands, reducing their commercial value. The use of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies (cultural, biological, and chemical control) is recommended for the effective and sustainable management of this pest. The identification of its parasitoids and the quantification of their effects on pest populations are essential for the development of biological controls. In this study, we conducted an extensive survey to identify the most important parasitoid species of Ch. chalcites and evaluated the efficacy of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma achaeae as a biological control agent in banana plantations in the Canary Islands. Our findings indicate that populations of native parasitoids can exert a certain degree of natural control over Ch. chalcites. However, their naturally occurring populations are insufficient to minimize the damage caused by this pest. Thus, the development of IPM programs based on the use of selective insecticides, the conservation of natural enemies and inundative releases of mass-reared wasps is also necessary. The parasitoid T. achaeae has been identified as a promising biological control agent of Ch. chalcites in greenhouse banana crops, but it is necessary to carry out further studies to establish the most appropriate release strategies. Abstract Chrysodeixis chalcites (Esper) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a significant pest in banana plantations in the Canary Islands. Field surveys were carried out to identify its naturally occurring parasitoids and estimate their parasitism rates between September 2007 and October 2010. Ch. chalcites was parasitized by six different larval/pupal parasitoid species: Cotesia sp., C. glomerata L. (Hym.: Braconidae), Aplomyia confinis Fallén (Dip.: Tachinidae), Hyposoter rufiventris Perez, Ctenochares bicolorus L. (Hym.: Ichneumonidae) and Aleiodes sp. (Hym.: Braconidae). Among them, Cotesia sp. was the most frequent species, accounting for 8.18% of parasitized larvae. High levels of egg parasitism were detected, with Trichogramma achaeae Nagaraja and Nagarkatti (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae) being the most widely distributed egg parasitoid. A greenhouse assay was also carried out on a commercial banana crop with the aim of evaluating the potential of T. achaeae as a biological control agent and compared with a chemical control. Five periodic inundative releases of 35 adults/m2 every 21 days were necessary to achieve an adequate parasitism level (56.25 ± 1.61%). Moreover, there was 15.75% less foliar damage in the biological control plot compared to the chemical control plot. These results indicate that T. achaeae could be a promising biocontrol agent of Ch. chalcites in greenhouse banana crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modesto del Pino
- Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Andalusian Institute for Research and Training in Agriculture, Fishery, Food and Ecological Production (IFAPA), Málaga Centre, Cortijo de la Cruz s/n, Churriana, 29140 Malaga, Spain;
| | - Tomás Cabello
- Center for Agribusiness Biotechnology Research, University of Almeria (UAL), 04120 Almería, Spain;
| | - Estrella Hernández-Suárez
- Department of Plant Protection, Canary Institute of Agricultural Research (ICIA), 38200 La Laguna, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Çakmak T, Simón O, Kaydan MB, Tange DA, González Rodríguez AM, Piedra-Buena Díaz A, Caballero Murillo P, Hernández Suárez E. Effects of several UV-protective substances on the persistence of the insecticidal activity of the Alphabaculovirus of Chrysodeixis chalcites (ChchNPV-TF1) on banana (Musa acuminata, Musaceae, Colla) under laboratory and open-field conditions. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250217. [PMID: 33979364 PMCID: PMC8115783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alphabaculovirus of Chrysodeixis chalcites (ChchNPV-TF1) has been investigated as a useful bioinsecticide against C. chalcites (Esper) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in banana crops. This study investigated the effects of several substances on the persistence of ChchNPV-TF1 under field conditions in the Canary Islands. Natural photoprotective substances, such as moringa, cacao, green tea, benzopurpurine, charcoal, iron dioxide, benzimidazole, kaolinite, and bentonite, were first evaluated under laboratory conditions using a Crosslinker as UV light source at 200 J/cm2. The photoprotective substances were divided into three groups: low protection (0–8%; kaolinite), intermediate protection (48–62%; green tea, moringa, bentonite and cacao) and high protection (87–100%; charcoal, iron ioxide). Benzopurpurine and benzimidazole did not provide any photoprotective effects. Two of the substances that yielded the best results, 1% cacao and 1% charcoal, were selected for the open-field experiment in a banana plantation. The persistence of ChchNPV-TF1 OBs (occlusion bodies) on leaf surfaces with sunlight exposure was analysed by comparing the initial mortality of 2nd instar C. chalcites larvae with the mortality observed at various intervals postapplication. The mortality rates decreased over time in all treatments and were always higher in the UV-protective substance-treated parcels. The 1% charcoal treatment exhibited the highest protection in both the laboratory and field experiments. No specific interference of UV-protective substances on the maximum photochemical efficiency of banana plants was observed under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylan Çakmak
- Unidad de Protección Vegetal, Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias (ICIA), Valle de Guerra, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Oihane Simón
- Bioinsecticidas Microbianos, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNa), Mutilva, Navarra, Spain
| | - Mehmet Bora Kaydan
- Biotechnology Application and Research Centre, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
- İmamoğlu Vocational School, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Denis Achiri Tange
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection Balcali, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Agueda Mª. González Rodríguez
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ana Piedra-Buena Díaz
- Unidad de Protección Vegetal, Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias (ICIA), Valle de Guerra, Tenerife, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Primitivo Caballero Murillo
- Bioinsecticidas Microbianos, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNa), Mutilva, Navarra, Spain
| | - Estrella Hernández Suárez
- Unidad de Protección Vegetal, Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias (ICIA), Valle de Guerra, Tenerife, Spain
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Del Pino M, Cabello T, Hernández-Suárez E. Age-Stage, Two-Sex Life Table of Chrysodeixis chalcites (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) at Constant Temperatures on Semi-Synthetic Diet. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 49:777-788. [PMID: 32406911 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvaa050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The golden twin-spot moth or tomato looper, Chrysodeixis chalcites (Esper), is a polyphagous and worldwide pest that causes important aesthetic damages to banana fruits in the Canary Islands. The life history parameters of C. chalcites were determined under laboratory conditions in base on the age-stage, two-sex life table at 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35°C, 65% relative humidity (RH), and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h, when it was reared on a semi-synthetic diet. The results show that C. chalcites was able to develop and survive from 15 to 30°C, but no development occurred at 35°C. Developmental threshold temperatures of the egg, larval, pupal, and total preoviposition stages were 10.42, 11.73, 11.22, and 9.42°C, respectively, and their effective accumulated temperatures were 58.31, 265.96, 118.57, and 562.39 degree-days, respectively. The adult longevity was reduced with increasing temperature, which ranged between 16.27 and 34.85 d for females and between 14.27 and 35.21 d for males. The highest values of net reproductive rate (R0) and fecundity were observed at 25°C, with 232.70 offspring and 1,224.74 eggs, respectively. Both the intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) increased significantly and mean generation time (T) decreased significantly with increasing temperature. These results provide useful information that will allow predicting the impact of climate change on the distribution and population dynamics of C. chalcites and developing successful integrated management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modesto Del Pino
- Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Andalusian Institute for Research and Training in Agriculture, Fishery, Food and Organic Production (IFAPA), Málaga Centre, ES Churriana, Málaga, Spain
| | - Tomás Cabello
- Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Almeria, ES Almeria, Spain
| | - Estrella Hernández-Suárez
- Department of Crop Protection, Canarian Institute for Agricultural Research (ICIA), ES La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
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Aguirre E, Beperet I, Williams T, Caballero P. Genetic Variability of Chrysodeixis Includens Nucleopolyhedrovirus (ChinNPV) and the Insecticidal Characteristics of Selected Genotypic Variants. Viruses 2019; 11:E581. [PMID: 31247955 PMCID: PMC6669620 DOI: 10.3390/v11070581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variation in baculoviruses is recognized as a key factor, not only due to the influence of such variation on pathogen transmission and virulence traits, but also because genetic variants can form the basis for novel biological insecticides. In this study, we examined the genetic variability of Chrysodeixis includens nucleopolyhedrovirus (ChinNPV) present in field isolates obtained from virus-killed larvae. Different ChinNPV strains were identified by restriction endonuclease analysis, from which genetic variants were isolated by plaque assay. Biological characterization studies were based on pathogenicity, median time to death (MTD), and viral occlusion body (OB) production (OBs/larva). Nine different isolates were obtained from eleven virus-killed larvae collected from fields of soybean in Mexico. An equimolar mixture of these isolates, named ChinNPV-Mex1, showed good insecticidal properties and yielded 23 genetic variants by plaque assay, one of which (ChinNPV-R) caused the highest mortality in second instars of C. includens. Five of these variants were selected: ChinNPV-F, ChinNPV-J, ChinNPV-K, ChinNPV-R, and ChinNPV-V. No differences in median time to death were found between them, while ChinNPV-F, ChinNPV-K, ChinNPV-R and ChinNPV-V were more productive than ChinNPV-J and the original mixture of field isolates ChinNPV-Mex1. These results demonstrate the high variability present in natural populations of this virus and support the use of these new genetic variants as promising active substances for baculovirus-based bioinsecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Aguirre
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Inés Beperet
- Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo, Bioinsectis SL, Pol. Ind. Mocholi Plaza Cein 5, Nave A14, 31110 Noain, Navarra, Spain
| | | | - Primitivo Caballero
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
- Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo, Bioinsectis SL, Pol. Ind. Mocholi Plaza Cein 5, Nave A14, 31110 Noain, Navarra, Spain.
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Bernal A, Simón O, Williams T, Muñoz D, Caballero P. Remarkably efficient production of a highly insecticidal Chrysodeixis chalcites nucleopolyhedrovirus (ChchNPV) isolate in its homologous host. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:1586-1592. [PMID: 29297971 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A Chrysodeixis chalcites nucleopolyhedrovirus from the Canary Islands (ChchNPV-TF1) has proved to be effective for control of Chrysodeixis chalcites on banana crops. Commercialization of this virus as a bioinsecticide requires an efficient production system. RESULTS The sixth instar (L6 ) was the most suitable for virus production, producing 1.80 × 1011 occlusion bodies (OB)/larva and showed a lower prevalence of cannibalism (5.4%) than fourth (L4 ) or fifth (L5 ) instars. Inoculation of L6 at 24 h post molting produced six times more OB (5.72 × 1011 OB/larva) than recently molted L6 larvae (1.00 × 1011 OB/larva). No significant differences were recorded in mean time to death (165-175 h) or OB production per larva (3.75 × 1011 to 5.97 × 1011 ) or per mg larval weight (1.30 × 1011 to 2.11 × 109 ), in larvae inoculated with a range of inoculum concentrations (LC50 -LC90 ). Groups of infected L6 larvae reared at a density of 150 larvae/container produced a greater total number of OBs (8.07 × 1013 OB/container) than lower densities (25, 50 and 100 OB/container), and a similar number to containers with 200 inoculated larvae (8.43 × 1013 OB/container). CONCLUSION The processes described here allow efficient production of sufficient OBs to treat ∼ 40 ha of banana crops using the insects from a single container. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Bernal
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Mutilva Baja, Spain
| | - Oihane Simón
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Mutilva Baja, Spain
| | | | - Delia Muñoz
- Dpto. Producción Agraria, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Primitivo Caballero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Mutilva Baja, Spain
- Dpto. Producción Agraria, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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