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Wedegaertner H, Pan WA, Gonzalez CC, Gonzalez DJ, Trejo J. The α-Arrestin ARRDC3 Is an Emerging Multifunctional Adaptor Protein in Cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:1066-1079. [PMID: 34465145 PMCID: PMC9127825 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Adaptor proteins control the spatiotemporal dynamics of cellular signaling. Dysregulation of adaptor protein function can cause aberrant cell signaling and promote cancer. The arrestin family of adaptor proteins are known to regulate signaling by the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The GPCRs are highly druggable and implicated in cancer progression. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for arrestin dysregulation and the impact on GPCR function in cancer have yet to be fully elucidated. Recent Advances: A new family of mammalian arrestins, termed the α-arrestins, was recently discovered. The α-arrestin, arrestin domain-containing protein 3 (ARRDC3), in particular, has been identified as a tumor suppressor and is reported to control cellular signaling of GPCRs in cancer. Critical Issues: Compared with the extensively studied mammalian β-arrestins, there is limited information regarding the regulatory mechanisms that control α-arrestin activation and function. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms that regulate ARRDC3, which include post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination. We also provide evidence that ARRDC3 can interact with a wide array of proteins that control diverse biological functions. Future Directions: ARRDC3 interacts with numerous proteins and is likely to display diverse functions in cancer, metabolic disease, and other syndromes. Thus, understanding the regulatory mechanisms of ARRDC3 activity in various cellular contexts is critically important. Recent studies suggest that α-arrestins may be regulated through post-translational modification, which is known to impact adaptor protein function. However, additional studies are needed to determine how these regulatory mechanisms affect ARRDC3 tumor suppressor function. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 1066-1079.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Wedegaertner
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Wen-An Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Carlos C. Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - David J. Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - JoAnn Trejo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Bries AE, Webb JL, Vogel B, Carrillo C, Day TA, Kimber MJ, Valentine RJ, Rowling MJ, Clark S, Schalinske KL, McNeill EM. RNA Sequencing Reveals Key Metabolic Pathways Are Modified by Short-Term Whole Egg Consumption. Front Nutr 2021; 8:652192. [PMID: 34041258 PMCID: PMC8141817 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.652192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eggs are protein-rich, nutrient-dense, and contain bioactive ingredients that have been shown to modify gene expression and impact health. To understand the effects of egg consumption on tissue-specific mRNA and microRNA expression, we examined the role of whole egg consumption (20% protein, w/w) on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between rat (n = 12) transcriptomes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), liver, kidney, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Principal component analysis with hierarchical clustering was used to examine transcriptome profiles between dietary treatment groups. We performed Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis as well as genetic network and disease enrichment analysis to examine which metabolic pathways were the most predominantly altered in each tissue. Overall, our data demonstrates that whole egg consumption for 2 weeks modified the expression of 52 genes in the PFC, 22 genes in VAT, and two genes in the liver (adj p < 0.05). Additionally, 16 miRNAs were found to be differentially regulated in the PFC, VAT, and liver, but none survived multiple testing correction. The main pathways influenced by WE consumption were glutathione metabolism in VAT and cholesterol biosynthesis in the PFC. These data highlight key pathways that may be involved in diseases and are impacted by acute consumption of a diet containing whole eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E. Bries
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Joe L. Webb
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Brooke Vogel
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Claudia Carrillo
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Timothy A. Day
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Michael J. Kimber
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Rudy J. Valentine
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Matthew J. Rowling
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Stephanie Clark
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Kevin L. Schalinske
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. McNeill
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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