1
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Fan J, Li H, Ruan Q, Zhu X, Jing P, Gu Z. The PRMT5 inhibitor C9 mitigates hypoxia-induced carboplatin resistance in lung cancer by inducing autophagy. Cell Biol Int 2023; 47:1702-1715. [PMID: 37381616 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia, a common feature of solid tumors, can promote chemoresistance in cancer cells. PRMT5 mediates various cellular processes involved in cancer development and progression. However, the role of PRMT5 in hypoxia-induced chemoresistance is unclear. In this study, hypoxia upregulated PRMT5 expression in lung cancer cells. Additionally, PRMT5 overexpression promoted cancer cell resistance to carboplatin. In carboplatin-resistant cancer cells, PRMT5 overexpression promoted the methylation of ULK1, a critical regulator of autophagy. ULK1 hypermethylation leads to the upregulation of autophagy, which can improve the survival of cancer cells under hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that the PRMT5 inhibitor C9 significantly enhanced the sensitivity of lung cancer cells to carboplatin. These findings suggest that targeting PRMT5-mediated autophagy with C9 can overcome hypoxia-induced carboplatin resistance and improve the efficacy of chemotherapy in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangjiang Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haichao Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiong Ruan
- Department of Radiology, Xi'an Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ximing Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengyu Jing
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhongping Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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2
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Fu S, Zheng Q, Zhang D, Lin C, Ouyang L, Zhang J, Chen L. Medicinal chemistry strategies targeting PRMT5 for cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114842. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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3
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Abstract
Background: PRMT5 is an epigenetics-related enzyme, which plays a critical role in cancer development. Hence PRMT5 inhibition has been validated as a promising therapeutic strategy. Methods & Results: We synthesized a series of methylpiperazinyl derivatives as novel PRMT5 inhibitors that were achieved by scaffold-hopping from EPZ015666 by virtual screening followed by rational drug design. Among all compounds 43g, bearing a thiourea linker, showed antitumor activity across multiple cancer cell lines and reduced the level of symmetric arginine dimethylation of SmD3 dose-dependently. Moreover, 43g selectively inhibited PRMT5 among protein arginine methyltransferase isoforms. Further proteomics analysis revealed that 43g remarkably reduced the global arginine dimethylation level in a cellular context. Conclusion: This work provides new chemical templates for future structural optimization of PRMT5-related cancer treatments.
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4
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Purification and Identification of Natural Inhibitors of Protein Arginine Methyltransferases from Plants. Mol Cell Biol 2022; 42:e0052321. [PMID: 35311588 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00523-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) enzymes catalyze posttranslational modifications of target proteins and are often upregulated in human cancers. In this study, we purified two chemical compounds from seeds of Foeniculum vulgare based on their ability to inhibit the enzymatic activity of PRMT5. These two compounds were identified as Pheophorbide a (PPBa) and Pheophorbide b (PPBb), two breakdown products of chlorophyll. PPBa and PPBb inhibited the enzymatic activity of both Type I and Type II PRMTs with IC50 values at sub micromole concentrations, inhibited the arginine methylation of histones in cells, and suppressed proliferation of prostate cancer cells. Molecular docking results predicted that PPBa binds to an allosteric site in the PRMT5 structure with a high affinity (ΔG = -9.0 kcal/mol) via hydrogen bond, ionic, and π-π stacking interactions with amino acid residues in PRMT5. Another group of natural compounds referred to as protoporphyrins and sharing structural similarity with pheophorbide also inhibited the PRMT enzymatic activity. This study is the first report on the PRMT-inhibitory activity of the tetrapyrrole macrocycles and provides useful information regarding the application of these compounds as natural therapeutic reagents for cancer prevention and treatment.
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5
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Acquired resistance to PRMT5 inhibition induces concomitant collateral sensitivity to paclitaxel. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2024055118. [PMID: 34408017 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024055118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulators play key roles in cancer and are increasingly being targeted for treatment. However, for many, little is known about mechanisms of resistance to the inhibition of these regulators. We have generated a model of resistance to inhibitors of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5). This study was conducted in Kras G12D;Tp53-null lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cell lines. Resistance to PRMT5 inhibitors (PRMT5i) arose rapidly, and barcoding experiments showed that this resulted from a drug-induced transcriptional state switch, not selection of a preexisting population. This resistant state is both stable and conserved across variants arising from distinct LUAD lines. Moreover, it brought with it vulnerabilities to other chemotherapeutics, especially the taxane paclitaxel. This paclitaxel sensitivity depended on the presence of stathmin 2 (STMN2), a microtubule regulator that is specifically expressed in the resistant state. Remarkably, STMN2 was also essential for resistance to PRMT5 inhibition. Thus, a single gene is required for both acquisition of resistance to PRMT5i and collateral sensitivity to paclitaxel in our LUAD cells. Accordingly, the combination of PRMT5i and paclitaxel yielded potent and synergistic killing of the murine LUAD cells. Importantly, the synergy between PRMT5i and paclitaxel also extended to human cancer cell lines. Finally, analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas patient data showed that high STMN2 levels correlate with complete regression of tumors in response to taxane treatment. Collectively, this study reveals a recurring mechanism of PRMT5i resistance in LUAD and identifies collateral sensitivities that have potential clinical relevance.
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6
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PRMT5 Selective Inhibitor Enhances Therapeutic Efficacy of Cisplatin in Lung Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116131. [PMID: 34200178 PMCID: PMC8201369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
As a therapeutic approach, epigenetic modifiers have the potential to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma, was identified to be involved in tumorigenesis. In the current study, we examined the potential antineoplastic activity of PRMT5 inhibitor, arginine methyltransferase inhibitor 1 (AMI-1), and cisplatin on lung adenocarcinoma. Bioinformatic analyses identified apoptosis, DNA damage, and cell cycle progression as the main PRMT5-associated functional pathways, and survival analysis linked the increased PRMT5 gene expression to worse overall survival in lung adenocarcinoma. Combined AMI-1 and cisplatin treatment significantly reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis. Cell cycle arrest in A549 and DMS 53 cells was evident after AMI-1, and was reinforced after combination treatment. Western blot analysis showed a reduction in demethylation histone 4, a PRMT5- downstream target, after treatment with AMI-1 alone or in combination with cisplatin. While the combination approach tackled lung cancer cell survival, it exhibited cytoprotective abilities on HBEpC (normal epithelial cells). The survival of normal bronchial epithelial cells was not affected by using AMI-1. This study highlights evidence of novel selective antitumor activity of AMI-1 in combination with cisplatin in lung adenocarcinoma cells.
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7
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Biology of the mRNA Splicing Machinery and Its Dysregulation in Cancer Providing Therapeutic Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105110. [PMID: 34065983 PMCID: PMC8150589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of messenger RNA (mRNA) processing—in particular mRNA splicing—is a hallmark of cancer. Compared to normal cells, cancer cells frequently present aberrant mRNA splicing, which promotes cancer progression and treatment resistance. This hallmark provides opportunities for developing new targeted cancer treatments. Splicing of precursor mRNA into mature mRNA is executed by a dynamic complex of proteins and small RNAs called the spliceosome. Spliceosomes are part of the supraspliceosome, a macromolecular structure where all co-transcriptional mRNA processing activities in the cell nucleus are coordinated. Here we review the biology of the mRNA splicing machinery in the context of other mRNA processing activities in the supraspliceosome and present current knowledge of its dysregulation in lung cancer. In addition, we review investigations to discover therapeutic targets in the spliceosome and give an overview of inhibitors and modulators of the mRNA splicing process identified so far. Together, this provides insight into the value of targeting the spliceosome as a possible new treatment for lung cancer.
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8
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Quiroz RV, Reutershan MH, Schneider SE, Sloman D, Lacey BM, Swalm BM, Yeung CS, Gibeau C, Spellman DS, Rankic DA, Chen D, Witter D, Linn D, Munsell E, Feng G, Xu H, Hughes JME, Lim J, Saurí J, Geddes K, Wan M, Mansueto MS, Follmer NE, Fier PS, Siliphaivanh P, Daublain P, Palte RL, Hayes RP, Lee S, Kawamura S, Silverman S, Sanyal S, Henderson TJ, Ye Y, Gao Y, Nicholson B, Machacek MR. The Discovery of Two Novel Classes of 5,5-Bicyclic Nucleoside-Derived PRMT5 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Cancer. J Med Chem 2021; 64:3911-3939. [PMID: 33755451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is a type II arginine methyltransferase that catalyzes the post-translational symmetric dimethylation of protein substrates. PRMT5 plays a critical role in regulating biological processes including transcription, cell cycle progression, RNA splicing, and DNA repair. As such, dysregulation of PRMT5 activity is implicated in the development and progression of multiple cancers and is a target of growing clinical interest. Described herein are the structure-based drug designs, robust synthetic efforts, and lead optimization strategies toward the identification of two novel 5,5-fused bicyclic nucleoside-derived classes of potent and efficacious PRMT5 inhibitors. Utilization of compound docking and strain energy calculations inspired novel designs, and the development of flexible synthetic approaches enabled access to complex chemotypes with five contiguous stereocenters. Additional efforts in balancing bioavailability, solubility, potency, and CYP3A4 inhibition led to the identification of diverse lead compounds with favorable profiles, promising in vivo activity, and low human dose projections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan V Quiroz
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Michael H Reutershan
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Sebastian E Schneider
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - David Sloman
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Brian M Lacey
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Brooke M Swalm
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Charles S Yeung
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Craig Gibeau
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Daniel S Spellman
- Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, Lansdale, Pennsylvania 19446, United States
| | - Danica A Rankic
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Dapeng Chen
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - David Witter
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Doug Linn
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Erik Munsell
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Guo Feng
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jonathan M E Hughes
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jongwon Lim
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Josep Saurí
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Kristin Geddes
- Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, Lansdale, Pennsylvania 19446, United States
| | - Murray Wan
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - My Sam Mansueto
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Nicole E Follmer
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Patrick S Fier
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Phieng Siliphaivanh
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Pierre Daublain
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Rachel L Palte
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Robert P Hayes
- Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, Lansdale, Pennsylvania 19446, United States
| | - Sandra Lee
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Shuhei Kawamura
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Steven Silverman
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Sulagna Sanyal
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Timothy J Henderson
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Yingchun Ye
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Yuanwei Gao
- Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, Lansdale, Pennsylvania 19446, United States
| | - Benjamin Nicholson
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Michelle R Machacek
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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9
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Shen Y, Li F, Szewczyk MM, Halabelian L, Chau I, Eram MS, Dela Seña C, Park KS, Meng F, Chen H, Zeng H, Dong A, Wu H, Trush VV, McLeod D, Zepeda-Velázquez CA, Campbell RM, Mader MM, Watson BM, Schapira M, Arrowsmith CH, Al-Awar R, Barsyte-Lovejoy D, Kaniskan HÜ, Brown PJ, Vedadi M, Jin J. A First-in-Class, Highly Selective and Cell-Active Allosteric Inhibitor of Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 6. J Med Chem 2021; 64:3697-3706. [PMID: 33591753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) catalyzes monomethylation and asymmetric dimethylation of arginine residues in various proteins, plays important roles in biological processes, and is associated with multiple cancers. To date, a highly selective PRMT6 inhibitor has not been reported. Here we report the discovery and characterization of a first-in-class, highly selective allosteric inhibitor of PRMT6, (R)-2 (SGC6870). (R)-2 is a potent PRMT6 inhibitor (IC50 = 77 ± 6 nM) with outstanding selectivity for PRMT6 over a broad panel of other methyltransferases and nonepigenetic targets. Notably, the crystal structure of the PRMT6-(R)-2 complex and kinetic studies revealed (R)-2 binds a unique, induced allosteric pocket. Additionally, (R)-2 engages PRMT6 and potently inhibits its methyltransferase activity in cells. Moreover, (R)-2's enantiomer, (S)-2 (SGC6870N), is inactive against PRMT6 and can be utilized as a negative control. Collectively, (R)-2 is a well-characterized PRMT6 chemical probe and a valuable tool for further investigating PRMT6 functions in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudao Shen
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Fengling Li
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Magdalena M Szewczyk
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Levon Halabelian
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Irene Chau
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Mohammad S Eram
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Carlo Dela Seña
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Kwang-Su Park
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Fanye Meng
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - He Chen
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Hong Zeng
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Aiping Dong
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Hong Wu
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Viacheslav V Trush
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - David McLeod
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada
| | | | - Robert M Campbell
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46225, United States
| | - Mary M Mader
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46225, United States
| | - Brian M Watson
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46225, United States
| | - Matthieu Schapira
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Cheryl H Arrowsmith
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Rima Al-Awar
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Dalia Barsyte-Lovejoy
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - H Ümit Kaniskan
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Peter J Brown
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Masoud Vedadi
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jian Jin
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
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10
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Kalev P, Hyer ML, Gross S, Konteatis Z, Chen CC, Fletcher M, Lein M, Aguado-Fraile E, Frank V, Barnett A, Mandley E, Goldford J, Chen Y, Sellers K, Hayes S, Lizotte K, Quang P, Tuncay Y, Clasquin M, Peters R, Weier J, Simone E, Murtie J, Liu W, Nagaraja R, Dang L, Sui Z, Biller SA, Travins J, Marks KM, Marjon K. MAT2A Inhibition Blocks the Growth of MTAP-Deleted Cancer Cells by Reducing PRMT5-Dependent mRNA Splicing and Inducing DNA Damage. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:209-224.e11. [PMID: 33450196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) gene is located adjacent to the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) tumor-suppressor gene and is co-deleted with CDKN2A in approximately 15% of all cancers. This co-deletion leads to aggressive tumors with poor prognosis that lack effective, molecularly targeted therapies. The metabolic enzyme methionine adenosyltransferase 2α (MAT2A) was identified as a synthetic lethal target in MTAP-deleted cancers. We report the characterization of potent MAT2A inhibitors that substantially reduce levels of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and demonstrate antiproliferative activity in MTAP-deleted cancer cells and tumors. Using RNA sequencing and proteomics, we demonstrate that MAT2A inhibition is mechanistically linked to reduced protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) activity and splicing perturbations. We further show that DNA damage and mitotic defects ensue upon MAT2A inhibition in HCT116 MTAP-/- cells, providing a rationale for combining the MAT2A clinical candidate AG-270 with antimitotic taxanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kalev
- Biology, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Marc L Hyer
- Pharmacology, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Stefan Gross
- Biochemistry and Biophysics, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zenon Konteatis
- Chemistry, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chi-Chao Chen
- Bioinformatics, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mark Fletcher
- Bioinformatics, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Max Lein
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Elia Aguado-Fraile
- Clinical Biomarkers, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Victoria Frank
- Biology, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Amelia Barnett
- Biology, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Everton Mandley
- Pharmacology, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joshua Goldford
- Cell Metabolism, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yue Chen
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Katie Sellers
- Cell Metabolism, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sebastian Hayes
- Cell Metabolism, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kate Lizotte
- Cell Metabolism, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Phong Quang
- Biology, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yesim Tuncay
- Biology, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michelle Clasquin
- Cell Metabolism, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rachel Peters
- Toxicology, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jaclyn Weier
- Biology, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Eric Simone
- Chemistry, Manufacturing and Control, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joshua Murtie
- Biology, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Pharmacology, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Bioinformatics, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Raj Nagaraja
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lenny Dang
- Biochemistry and Biophysics, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zhihua Sui
- Chemistry, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Scott A Biller
- Chemistry, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jeremy Travins
- Chemistry, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kevin M Marks
- Biology, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Katya Marjon
- Biology, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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11
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WD Repeat Domain 77 Protein Regulates Translation of E2F1 and E2F3 mRNA. Mol Cell Biol 2020; 40:MCB.00302-20. [PMID: 33020149 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00302-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
WD repeat domain 77 protein (WDR77) is required for cellular proliferation of lung and prostate epithelial cells during earlier stages of development and is reactivated during prostate and lung tumorigenesis. WDR77 plays an essential role in prostate tumorigenesis and cell growth mediated by growth regulatory factors. Here, we identified E2F1 and E2F3 mRNAs as translational targets of WDR77. We demonstrated that WDR77 regulated the translation of E2F1 and E2F3 mRNAs through the 5' untranslated regions (UTRs) of E2F1 and E2F3 (E2F1/3) mRNAs. WDR77 physically interacted with programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) that suppresses translation of mRNAs containing structured 5' UTRs by interacting with eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A (eIF4A) and inhibiting its helicase activity. Further, we demonstrated that the interaction between WDR77 and PDCD4 prevented the binding of PDCD4 to eIF4A and relieved PDCD4's inhibitory effect on eIF4A1. Overall, our work reveals for the first time that WDR77 is directly involved in translational regulation of E2F1/3 mRNAs through their structured 5' UTRs, PDCD4, and eIF4A1 and provides novel insight into the cell growth controlled by WDR77.
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12
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Shen Y, Gao G, Yu X, Kim H, Wang L, Xie L, Schwarz M, Chen X, Guccione E, Liu J, Bedford MT, Jin J. Discovery of First-in-Class Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) Degraders. J Med Chem 2020; 63:9977-9989. [PMID: 32787082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aberrant expression of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) has been associated with multiple cancers. Using the proteolysis targeting chimera technology, we discovered a first-in-class PRMT5 degrader 15 (MS4322). Here, we report the design, synthesis, and characterization of compound 15 and two structurally similar controls 17 (MS4370) and 21 (MS4369), with impaired binding to the von Hippel-Lindau E3 ligase and PRMT5, respectively. Compound 15, but not 17 and 21, effectively reduced the PRMT5 protein level in MCF-7 cells. Our mechanism studies indicate that compound 15 degraded PRMT5 in an E3 ligase- and proteasome-dependent manner. Compound 15 also effectively reduced the PRMT5 protein level and inhibited growth in multiple cancer cell lines. Moreover, compound 15 was highly selective for PRMT5 in a global proteomic study and exhibited good plasma exposure in mice. Collectively, compound 15 and its two controls 17 and 21 are valuable chemical tools for exploring the PRMT5 functions in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudao Shen
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Guozhen Gao
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957, United States
| | - Xufen Yu
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Huensuk Kim
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ling Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Megan Schwarz
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Xian Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ernesto Guccione
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Jing Liu
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Mark T Bedford
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957, United States
| | - Jian Jin
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
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Rational Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel triazole derivatives as potent and selective PRMT5 inhibitors with antitumor activity. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2019; 33:775-785. [DOI: 10.1007/s10822-019-00214-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Tao H, Yan X, Zhu K, Zhang H. Discovery of Novel PRMT5 Inhibitors by Virtual Screening and Biological Evaluations. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:382-388. [PMID: 30930442 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As an important epigenetics related enzyme, protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) has been confirmed as an anticancer therapeutic target in recent years. Among all the reported PRMT5 inhibitors, two small molecules (GSK-3326595 and JNJ-64619178) are currently being assessed in clinical trial. In this study, 40 PRMT5 inhibitor candidates were purchased from SPECS database supplier according to the pharmacophore and molecular docking based virtual screening results. Alpha linked immunosorbent assay (LISA) methylation assay was performed to test their inhibitory activity against PRMT5. The in vitro enzymatic assay results indicated that four compounds (2, 4, 10 and 37) showed PRMT5 inhibitory activity, while 4 and 10 displayed the most potent activity with IC50 values of 8.1 ± 1.1 and 6.5 ± 0.6 µM, respectively. The inhibitory activity results of 20 extra analogs of 4 further confirmed the potency of this scaffold. As expected, compounds 4 and 10 exhibited moderate anti-proliferative activity against mantle cell lymphoma Jeko-1 and leukemia cell MV4-11. Besides, Western blot assay results showed that 4 could reduce the H4R3me2s level in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that it could inhibit the activity of PRMT5 in cellular context. Detailed interactions between 4 and PRMT5 were characterized by binding mode analysis through molecular docking. The compounds discovered in this study will inspire medicinal chemists to further explore this series of PRMT5 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Tao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan.,Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Xue Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan
| | - Kongkai Zhu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan
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15
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Zhou Z, Feng Z, Hu D, Yang P, Gur M, Bahar I, Cristofanilli M, Gradishar WJ, Xie XQ, Wan Y. A novel small-molecule antagonizes PRMT5-mediated KLF4 methylation for targeted therapy. EBioMedicine 2019; 44:98-111. [PMID: 31101597 PMCID: PMC6604046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) have a poor prognosis and are not amenable to endocrine- or HER2-targeted therapies. The malignant and invasive feature of TNBCs is correlated with its high cancer stem cell population. Recent results from us and others have unveiled an oncogenic role for the PRMT5-KLF4 axis in regulating tumor progression by orchestrating the stemness in mammary tumor cell as well as genome stability. Methylation of KLF4 by PRMT5 leads to KLF4 stabilization, resulting in promoting mitogenesis. Methods We have developed a small molecule inhibitor, WX2–43, that specifically intercepts the interaction between PRMT5 and KLF4, thereby enhancing KLF4 degradation. Findings Results from our characterization demonstrate that WX2–43 binds to the region between amino acids L400-M500 on PRMT5. Degradation of KLF4 down-regulates KLF4-mediated genes transcription. We have characterized the potent effect for WX2–43 in inhibiting PRMT5-KLF4 binding that, in turns, suppresses tumor progression and induces tumor cell death in both TNBC cultured-cell and animal models. Interpretation WX2–43-mediated inhibition of KLF4 methylation by PRMT5 could be a potential strategy for anti-TNBC treatment. Fund This work was supported, in whole or in part, by National Institutes of Health grants CA202963 and CA202948 (Wan), R21HL109654 (Xie), P30DA035778 (Xie and Bahar) and P41GM103712 (Bahar).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuan Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States
| | - Zhiwei Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Dong Hu
- Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Mert Gur
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States
| | - Ivet Bahar
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States
| | - Massimo Cristofanilli
- Lynn Sage Breast Cancer Program, Department of Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States
| | - William J Gradishar
- Lynn Sage Breast Cancer Program, Department of Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States
| | - Xiang-Qun Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, United States.
| | - Yong Wan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States.
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16
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Chatterjee B, Ghosh K, Suresh L, Kanade SR. Curcumin ameliorates PRMT5-MEP50 arginine methyltransferase expression by decreasing the Sp1 and NF-YA transcription factors in the A549 and MCF-7 cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 455:73-90. [PMID: 30392062 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3471-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) and its catalytic partner methylosome protein MEP50 (WDR77) catalyse the mono- and symmetric di-methylation of selective arginines in various histones and non-histone target proteins. It has emerged as a crucial epigenetic regulator in cell proliferation and differentiation; which also reported to be overexpressed in many forms of cancers in humans. In this study, we aimed to assess the modulations in the expression of this enzyme upon exposure to the well-studied natural compound from the spice turmeric, curcumin. We exposed the lung and breast cancer cell lines (A549 and MCF-7) to curcumin (2 and 20 μM) and observed a highly significant inhibitory effect on the expression of both PRMT5 and MEP50. The level of symmetrical dimethylarginine (SDMA) in multiple proteins, and more specifically, the H4R3me2s mark (which predominates in GC-rich motifs in nucleosomal DNA) was also diminished significantly. We also found that curcumin significantly reduced the level and enrichment of the transcription factors Sp1 and NF-YA which shares their binding sites within the GC-rich region of the PRMT5 proximal promoter. Furthermore, the involvement of both PKC-p38-ERK-cFos and AKT-mTOR signalling was observed in reducing the Sp1 and NF-YA expression by curcumin. Therefore, we propose curcumin decreased the expression of PRMT5 in these cells by affecting at least these two transcription factors. Altogether, we report a new molecular target of curcumin and further elucidation of this proposed mechanism through which curcumin affects the PRMT5-MEP50 methyltransferase expression might be explored for its therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biji Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasargod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Krishna Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasargod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Lavanya Suresh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasargod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Santosh R Kanade
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasargod, Kerala, 671316, India.
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C R Rao Road, Gachibowli, Telangana, 500046, India.
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17
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Jing P, Xie N, Zhu X, Dang H, Gu Z. The methylation induced by protein arginine methyltransferase 5 promotes tumorigenesis and progression of lung cancer. J Thorac Dis 2019; 10:7014-7019. [PMID: 30746248 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.10.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Arginine methylation as a common pattern of post-translational modification is involved in many cellular biological processes. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is a primary enzyme in charge of symmetric dimethylation (me2s) of arginine residues. Increasing literatures lead to the belief that PRMT5, as a potential oncogene, plays crucial roles in the tumorigenesis and progression of cancers. First of all, PRMT5 is overexpressed in several cancer cells, with various sub-cellular localization in different type of cells and different phases. Besides, PRMT5 participates in controlling cellular proliferation, differentiation, invasion, migration as well apoptosis through histone and other protein methylation. Moreover, PRMT5 is essential for growth and metastasis of lung cancer cells, and its overexpression indicates a poor clinical outcome of lung cancer. Therefore, in this review, we reviewed the substantial new literatures on PRMT5 and its functions, in order to highlight the significance of understanding this essential enzyme in lung cancer tumorigenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Jing
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of AFMU, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Nianlin Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of AFMU, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Ximing Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of AFMU, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Haizhou Dang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of AFMU, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Zhongping Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of AFMU, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
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18
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Discovery of new potent protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) inhibitors by assembly of key pharmacophores from known inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3693-3699. [PMID: 30366617 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is an epigenetics related enzyme that has been validated as a promising therapeutic target for human cancer. Up to now, two small molecule PRMT5 inhibitors has been put into phase I clinical trial. In the present study, a series of candidate molecules were designed by combining key pharmacophores of formerly reported PRMT5 inhibitors. The in vitro PRMT5 inhibitory testing of compound 4b14 revealed an IC50 of 2.71 μM, exhibiting high selectivity over PRMT1 and PRMT4 (>70-fold selective). As expected, 4b14 exhibited potent anti-proliferative activity against a panel of leukemia and lymphoma cells, including MV4-11, Pfeiffer, SU-DHL-4 and KARPAS-422. Besides, 4b14 showed significant cell cycle arrest and apoptosis-inducing effects, as well as reduced the cellular symmetric arginine dimethylation level of SmD3 protein. Finally, affinity profiling analysis indicated that hydrophobic interactions, π-π stacking and cation-π actions made the major contributions to the overall binding affinity. This scaffold provides a new chemical template for further development of better lead compounds targeting PRMT5.
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19
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Wang Y, Hu W, Yuan Y. Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) as an Anticancer Target and Its Inhibitor Discovery. J Med Chem 2018; 61:9429-9441. [PMID: 29870258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PRMT5 is a major enzyme responsible for symmetric dimethylation of arginine residues on both histone and non-histone proteins, regulating many biological pathways in mammalian cells. PRMT5 has been suggested as a therapeutic target in a variety of diseases including infectious disease, heart disease, and cancer. Many PRMT5 inhibitors have been discovered in the past 5 years, and one entered clinical trial in 2015 for the treatment of solid tumor and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). The aim of this review is to summarize the current understanding of the roles of PRMT5 in cancer and the discovery of PRMT5 enzymatic inhibitors. By reviewing the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of known inhibitors of PRMT5, we hope to provide guidance for future drug designs and inhibitor optimization. Opportunities and limitations of PRMT5 inhibitors for the treatment of cancer are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxiang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Yanqiu Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
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20
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Ye F, Zhang W, Ye X, Jin J, Lv Z, Luo C. Identification of Selective, Cell Active Inhibitors of Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 through Structure-Based Virtual Screening and Biological Assays. J Chem Inf Model 2018; 58:1066-1073. [PMID: 29672052 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), a type II PRMT enzyme, is reported as an important therapeutic target in leukemia and lymphoma. In the present study, based on the combination of virtual screening and biochemical validations, we discovered a series of small-molecule inhibitors targeting PRMT5. Among those, DC_Y134 exhibited the most potent activity with IC50 value of 1.7 μM and displayed good selectivity against other methyltransferases. Further treatment with DC_Y134 inhibited the proliferation of several hematological malignancy cell lines by causing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Western blot assays indicated that DC_Y134 reduced the cellular symmetrically dimethylated levels. In addition, we analyzed the binding mode of DC_Y134 through molecular docking, which revealed that DC_Y134 occupies the binding site of substrate arginine and explained the selectivity of this inhibitor. Taken together, compound DC_Y134 could be used to elucidate the biological roles of PRMT5 and serve as a lead compound for treatment of hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ye
- College of Life Sciences , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Weiyao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Xiaoqing Ye
- College of Life Sciences , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Jia Jin
- College of Life Sciences , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Zhengbing Lv
- College of Life Sciences , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
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21
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Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 promotes lung cancer metastasis via the epigenetic regulation of miR-99 family/FGFR3 signaling. Cancer Lett 2018; 427:38-48. [PMID: 29679612 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) functions as a tumor initiator to regulate several cancer progressions, such as proliferation and apoptosis, by catalyzing the symmetrical dimethylation (me2s) of arginine residues within targeted molecules. However, the exact role of PRMT5-mediated metastasis in lung cancer is not fully understood. Here, we illustrated its potential effects in lung cancer metastasis in vivo and vitro. PRMT5 was frequently overexpressed in lung tumors, and its expression was positively related to tumor stages, lymphatic metastasis and poor outcome. In this model, PRMT5 repressed the transcription of the miR-99 family by symmetrical dimethylation of histone H4R3, which increased FGFR3 expression and in turn activated Erk1/2 and Akt, leading to cell growth and metastasis in lung cancer. Furthermore, loss of PRMT5 exerted anti-metastasis effects on lung cancer progression by blocking histone-modification of miR-99 family. Overall, this study provides new insights into the PRMT5/miR-99 family/FGFR3 axis in regulating lung cancer progression and identifies PRMT5 as a promising prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target.
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