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Feng X, Ji Z, Fan X, Kong Y, Yu Y, Shao Y, Meng J, Zhou X, Tang R, Yang G. ASS1 Enhances Anoikis Resistance via AMPK/CPT1A-mediated Fatty Acid Metabolism in Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Lett 2024:217082. [PMID: 38914306 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of death in ovarian cancer (OC), with anoikis resistance being a crucial step for detached OC cells survival. Despite extensive research, targeting anoikis resistance remians a challenge. Here, we identify argininosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS1), a key enzyme in urea cycle, is markedly upregulated in OC cells in detached culture and is associated with increased anoikis resistance and metastasis. Disruption of the AMP/ATP balance by elevated ASS1 activates AMPK and its downstream factor, CPT1A. Then, ASS1 enhances FAO, leading to higher ATP generation and lipid utilization. Inhibition of CPT1A reverses ASS1-induced FAO. Our study gives some new functional insights into OC metabolism and represents a shift from traditional views, expanding ASS1's relevance beyond nitrogen metabolism to fatty acid metabolism. It uncovers how ASS1-induced FAO disrupts the AMP/ATP balance, leading to AMPK activation. By identifying the ASS1/AMPK/CPT1A axis as crucial for OC anoikis resistance and metastasis, our study opens up new avenues for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Feng
- Cancer Institute & Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaodong Ji
- Cancer Institute & Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxi Fan
- Cancer Institute & Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Kong
- Cancer Institute & Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yinjue Yu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Central Laboratory, the Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Shao
- Cancer Institute & Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Meng
- Cancer Institute & Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Cancer Institute & Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ranran Tang
- Nanjing Medical Research Center for Women and Children, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing, China.
| | - Gong Yang
- Cancer Institute & Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Central Laboratory, the Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Kielbik M, Przygodzka P, Szulc-Kielbik I, Klink M. Snail transcription factors as key regulators of chemoresistance, stemness and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:189003. [PMID: 37863122 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the deadliest gynecological malignancies among women. The reason for this outcome is the frequent acquisition of cancer cell resistance to platinum-based drugs and unresponsiveness to standard therapy. It has been increasingly recognized that the ability of ovarian cancer cells to adopt more aggressive behavior (mainly through the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, EMT), as well as dedifferentiation into cancer stem cells, significantly affects drug resistance acquisition. Transcription factors in the Snail family have been implicated in ovarian cancer chemoresistance and metastasis. In this article, we summarize published data that reveal Snail proteins not only as key inducers of the EMT in ovarian cancer but also as crucial links between the acquisition of ovarian cancer stem properties and spheroid formation. These Snail-related characteristics significantly affect the ovarian cancer cell response to treatment and are related to the acquisition of chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kielbik
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Patrycja Przygodzka
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Izabela Szulc-Kielbik
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Klink
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232 Lodz, Poland.
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Wang K, Hua X, Fu X, Hao Z, Jiao A, Li S. Petite Integration Factor 1 knockdown enhances gemcitabine sensitivity in pancreatic cancer cells via increasing DNA damage. J Appl Toxicol 2023; 43:1522-1532. [PMID: 37183367 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Chemoresistance is still a vital obstacle in various tumors chemotherapy. This study aimed to explore the role of Petite Integration Factor 1 (PIF1) in the sensitivity of gemcitabine response to pancreatic cancer cells. Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database was employed for evaluating the level of PIF1 in pancreatic cancer tissues and normal tissues. The mRNA level of PIF1 was detected via reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis. The relative protein expression of PIF1, cleaved caspase-3, and phosphorylated histone H2Ax (γH2Ax) was assessed through western blot. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed via Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Moreover, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and caspase-3 activity were determined via the corresponding LDH Cytotoxicity Assay Kit and caspase-3 colorimetric assay kit. PIF1 expression was upregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues and cells. Knockdown of PIF1 exhibited the repressive impact on the viability of AsPC-1 and PANC-1 cells. PIF1 knockdown enhanced LDH release and apoptosis in both AsPC-1 and PANC-1 cells. PIF1 downregulation could augment the sensitivity of gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer cells, as evidenced by lower cell viability and higher LDH release and apoptosis rate after knocking down PIF1 in gemcitabine-treated pancreatic cancer cells relative to pancreatic cancer cells treated with gemcitabine alone. Moreover, PIF1 knockdown increased γH2Ax protein expression and DNA damage, and gemcitabine treatment-induced DNA damage in AsPC-1 and PANC-1 cells was exacerbated by PIF1 silencing. Furthermore, gemcitabine treatment-caused increase of DNA damage was alleviated by PIF1 overexpression; whereas, this effect of PIF1 upregulation was reversed by thymidine, a DNA synthesis inhibitor. In addition, the decreased gemcitabine sensitivity response to pancreatic cancer cells caused by PIF1 upregulation was also hindered by thymidine treatment. In conclusion, PIF1 silencing enhanced gemcitabine sensitivity response to pancreatic cancer cells through aggrandizing DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiangdong Hua
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xibo Fu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhiqiang Hao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ao Jiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Siyuan Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Salinas-Vera YM, Valdés J, Pérez-Navarro Y, Mandujano-Lazaro G, Marchat LA, Ramos-Payán R, Nuñez-Olvera SI, Pérez-Plascencia C, López-Camarillo C. Three-Dimensional 3D Culture Models in Gynecological and Breast Cancer Research. Front Oncol 2022; 12:826113. [PMID: 35692756 PMCID: PMC9177953 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.826113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cell cultures have long been the gold standard for cancer biology research. However, their ability to accurately reflect the molecular mechanisms of tumors occurring in vivo is limited. Recent development of three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models facilitate the possibility to better recapitulate several of the biological and molecular characteristics of tumors in vivo, such as cancer cells heterogeneity, cell-extracellular matrix interactions, development of a hypoxic microenvironment, signaling pathway activities depending on contacts with extracellular matrix, differential growth kinetics, more accurate drugs response, and specific gene expression and epigenetic patterns. In this review, we discuss the utilization of different types of 3D culture models including spheroids, organotypic models and patient-derived organoids in gynecologic cancers research, as well as its potential applications in oncological research mainly for screening drugs with major physiological and clinical relevance. Moreover, microRNAs regulation of cancer hallmarks in 3D cell cultures from different types of cancers is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarely M. Salinas-Vera
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Jesús Valdés
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Yussel Pérez-Navarro
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Gilberto Mandujano-Lazaro
- Programa en Biomedicina Molecular y Red de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Laurence A. Marchat
- Programa en Biomedicina Molecular y Red de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Rosalio Ramos-Payán
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Stephanie I. Nuñez-Olvera
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - César López-Camarillo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- *Correspondence: César López-Camarillo, ; orcid.org/0000-0002-9417-2609
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Li M, Yao B, Jing C, Chen H, Zhang Y, Zhou N. Engineering a G-quadruplex-based logic gate platform for sensitive assay of dual biomarkers of ovarian cancer. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1198:339559. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4, a targetable oncoantigen that promotes ovarian cancer growth, invasion, cisplatin resistance and spheroid formation. Transl Oncol 2021; 16:101318. [PMID: 34942534 PMCID: PMC8695353 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a highly heterogeneous disease encompassing several distinct molecular subtypes and clinical entities. Despite the initial success of surgical debulking and adjuvant chemotherapy, recurrence with chemotherapy resistant tumors is common in patients with EOC and leads to poor overall survival. The extensive genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity associated with ovarian cancers has hindered the identification of effective prognostic and predictive biomarkers in EOC patients. In the current studies, we identify a tumor cell surface oncoantigen, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4), as an independent risk factor for decreased survival of patients with EOC. Our results show that CSPG4 promotes EOC cell invasion, cisplatin resistance and spheroid formation in vitro and tumor expansion in vivo. Mechanistically, spheroid formation and tumor cell invasion are due to CSPG4-stimulated expression of the mesenchymal transcription factor ZEB1. Furthermore, we have developed a novel monoclonal anti-CSGP4 antibody against the juxtamembrane domain of the core protein that limits CSPG4-stimulated ZEB1 expression, tumor cell invasion and promotes EOC apoptosis within spheroid cultures. We therefore propose that CSPG4 expression drives phenotypic heterogeneity and malignant progression in EOC tumors. These studies further demonstrate that CSPG4 expression levels are a potential diagnostic biomarker in EOC and indicate that targeting cells which express this oncoantigen could limit recurrence and improve outcomes in patients with EOC.
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Yang R, Liang B, Li J, Pi X, Yu K, Xiang S, Gu N, Chen X, Zhou S. Identification of a novel tumour microenvironment-based prognostic biomarker in skin cutaneous melanoma. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:10990-11001. [PMID: 34755462 PMCID: PMC8642691 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is one of the most destructive skin malignancies and has attracted worldwide attention. However, there is a lack of prognostic biomarkers, especially tumour microenvironment (TME)-based prognostic biomarkers. Therefore, there is an urgent need to investigate the TME in SKCM, as well as to identify efficient biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of SKCM patients. A comprehensive analysis was performed using SKCM samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas and normal samples from Genotype-Tissue Expression. TME scores were calculated using the ESTIMATE algorithm, and differential TME scores and differentially expressed prognostic genes were successively identified. We further identified more reliable prognostic genes via least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis and constructed a prognostic prediction model to predict overall survival. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy, and Cox regression analysis was applied to explore the relationship with clinicopathological characteristics. Finally, we identified a novel prognostic biomarker and conducted a functional enrichment analysis. After considering ESTIMATEScore and tumour purity as differential TME scores, we identified 34 differentially expressed prognostic genes. Using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, we identified seven potential prognostic biomarkers (SLC13A5, RBM24, IGHV3OR16-15, PRSS35, SLC7A10, IGHV1-69D and IGHV2-26). Combined with receiver operating characteristic and regression analyses, we determined PRSS35 as a novel TME-based prognostic biomarker in SKCM, and functional analysis enriched immune-related cells, functions and signalling pathways. Our study indicated that PRSS35 could act as a potential prognostic biomarker in SKCM by investigating the TME, so as to provide new ideas and insights for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of SKCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong‐Hua Yang
- Department of Burn Surgery and Skin RegenerationThe First People’s Hospital of FoshanFoshanChina
| | - Bo Liang
- Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Jie‐Hua Li
- Department of DermatologyThe First People’s Hospital of FoshanFoshanChina
| | - Xiao‐Bing Pi
- Department of DermatologyThe First People’s Hospital of FoshanFoshanChina
| | - Kai Yu
- Department of EmergencyThe Sun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shi‐Jian Xiang
- Department of PharmacySeventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Ning Gu
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Xiao‐Dong Chen
- Department of Burn Surgery and Skin RegenerationThe First People’s Hospital of FoshanFoshanChina
| | - Si‐Tong Zhou
- Department of DermatologyThe First People’s Hospital of FoshanFoshanChina
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Epigenetic Therapy Augments Classic Chemotherapy in Suppressing the Growth of 3D High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Spheroids over an Extended Period of Time. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11111711. [PMID: 34827710 PMCID: PMC8615646 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) is clinically very challenging and prematurely shortens patients’ lives. Recurrent ovarian cancer is characterized by high tumor heterogeneity; therefore, it is susceptible to epigenetic therapy in classic 2D tissue culture and rodent models. Unfortunately, this success has not translated well into clinical trials. Utilizing a 3D spheroid model over a period of weeks, we were able to compare the efficacy of classic chemotherapy and epigenetic therapy on recurrent ovarian cancer cells. Unexpectedly, in our model, a single dose of paclitaxel alone caused the exponential growth of recurrent high-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer over a period of weeks. In contrast, this effect is not only opposite under treatment with panobinostat, but panobinostat reverses the repopulation of cancer cells following paclitaxel treatment. In our model, we also demonstrate differences in the drug-treatment sensitivity of classic chemotherapy and epigenetic therapy. Moreover, 3D-derived ovarian cancer cells demonstrate induced proliferation, migration, invasion, cancer colony formation and chemoresistance properties after just a single exposure to classic chemotherapy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first evidence demonstrating a critical contrast between short and prolonged post-treatment outcomes following classic chemotherapy and epigenetic therapy in recurrent high-grade serous ovarian cancer in 3D culture.
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Overview of human 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (AKR1C1): Functions, regulation, and structural insights of inhibitors. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 351:109746. [PMID: 34780792 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human aldo-keto reductase family 1C1 (AKR1C1) is an important enzyme involved in human hormone metabolism, which is mainly responsible for the metabolism of progesterone in the human body. AKR1C1 is highly expressed and has an important relationship with the occurrence and development of various diseases, especially some cancers related to hormone metabolism. Nowadays, many inhibitors against AKR1C1 have been discovered, including some synthetic compounds and natural products, which have certain inhibitory activity against AKR1C1 at the target level. Here we briefly reviewed the physiological and pathological functions of AKR1C1 and the relationship with the disease, and then summarized the development of AKR1C1 inhibitors, elucidated the interaction between inhibitors and AKR1C1 through molecular docking results and existing co-crystal structures. Finally, we discussed the design ideals of selective AKR1C1 inhibitors from the perspective of AKR1C1 structure, discussed the prospects of AKR1C1 in the treatment of human diseases in terms of biomarkers, pre-receptor regulation and single nucleotide polymorphisms, aiming to provide new ideas for drug research targeting AKR1C1.
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Identifying PIF1 as a Potential Target of Wenxia Changfu Formula in Promoting Lung Cancer Cell Apoptosis: Bioinformatics Analysis and Biological Evidence. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9942462. [PMID: 34608398 PMCID: PMC8487367 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9942462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a valuable resource of active natural products and plays an important role in cancer treatment with the advantages of high efficiency and safety. Wenxia Changfu formula (WCF) is modified from Dahuang Fuzi decoction from Han Dynasty and has been used for treating lung cancer in China. Our previous research showed that WCF had an antitumor effect in vivo and in vitro, while the mechanism has not been well illustrated. In this study, the effect of WCF on the proliferative ability in three lung cancer cells and one noncancerous human cell line was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. WCF suppressed A549, H460, and PC-9 cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, with no inhibition of noncancerous MRC-5 cells after 48 h treatment with WCF (0–50 mg/mL). Furthermore, we screened for genes in A549 cells using four WCF-treated samples and four control samples on a gene expression profile microarray. 21 genes were significantly downregulated by WCF, which may potentially play an important role in the proliferation of A549 cells. High-content screening evaluated whether silencing the 21 genes affected A549 cell growth. The results showed that PIF1 knockdown exhibited the most potent inhibition of cell proliferation compared with the other genes. Downregulation of PIF1 increased A549 cell apoptosis and the activity of caspase 3/7. Besides, RT-PCR showed that the expression levels of PIF1 mRNA decreased significantly in A549, H460, and PC-9 cells after WCF treatment. In conclusion, the present observations indicate that WCF may inhibit lung cancer cell proliferation by promoting apoptosis via regulating the expression of PIF1.
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Mechanical Studies of the Third Dimension in Cancer: From 2D to 3D Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810098. [PMID: 34576261 PMCID: PMC8472581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
From the development of self-aggregating, scaffold-free multicellular spheroids to the inclusion of scaffold systems, 3D models have progressively increased in complexity to better mimic native tissues. The inclusion of a third dimension in cancer models allows researchers to zoom out from a significant but limited cancer cell research approach to a wider investigation of the tumor microenvironment. This model can include multiple cell types and many elements from the extracellular matrix (ECM), which provides mechanical support for the tissue, mediates cell-microenvironment interactions, and plays a key role in cancer cell invasion. Both biochemical and biophysical signals from the extracellular space strongly influence cell fate, the epigenetic landscape, and gene expression. Specifically, a detailed mechanistic understanding of tumor cell-ECM interactions, especially during cancer invasion, is lacking. In this review, we focus on the latest achievements in the study of ECM biomechanics and mechanosensing in cancer on 3D scaffold-based and scaffold-free models, focusing on each platform’s level of complexity, up-to-date mechanical tests performed, limitations, and potential for further improvements.
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Racine C, Genêt C, Bourgneuf C, Dupont C, Plisson-Petit F, Sarry J, Hennequet-Antier C, Vigouroux C, Mathieu d'Argent E, Pierre A, Monniaux D, Fabre S, di Clemente N. New Anti-Müllerian Hormone Target Genes Involved in Granulosa Cell Survival in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e1271-e1289. [PMID: 33247926 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A protective effect of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) on follicle atresia was recently demonstrated using long-term treatments, but this effect has never been supported by mechanistic studies. This work aimed to gain an insight into the mechanism of action of AMH on follicle atresia and on how this could account for the increased follicle pool observed in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS In vivo and in vitro experiments were performed to study the effects of AMH on follicle atresia and on the proliferation and apoptosis of granulosa cells (GCs). RNA-sequencing was carried out to identify new AMH target genes in GCs. The expression of some of these genes in GCs from control and PCOS women was compared using microfluidic real time quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS A short-term AMH treatment prevented follicle atresia in prepubertal mice. Consistent with this result, AMH inhibited apoptosis and promoted proliferation of different models of GCs. Moreover, integrative biology analyses of 965 AMH target genes identified in 1 of these GC models, confirmed that AMH had initiated a gene expression program favoring cell survival and proliferation. Finally, on 43 genes selected among the most up- and down-regulated AMH targets, 8 were up-regulated in GCs isolated from PCOS women, of which 5 are involved in cell survival. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our results provide for the first time cellular and molecular evidence that AMH protects follicles from atresia by controlling GC survival and suggest that AMH could participate in the increased follicle pool of PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrystèle Racine
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris-Diderot Université, Paris, France
| | - Carine Genêt
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, INP, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Camille Bourgneuf
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Dupont
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | | | - Julien Sarry
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, INP, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Christelle Hennequet-Antier
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRAE, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Corinne Vigouroux
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Mathieu d'Argent
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Alice Pierre
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS, INSERM, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative UMR 8251, Physiologie de l'Axe Gonadotrope U1133, Paris, France
| | - Danielle Monniaux
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRAE, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Stéphane Fabre
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, INP, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Nathalie di Clemente
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
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Bensen RC, Gunay G, Finneran MC, Jhingan I, Acar H, Burgett AWG. Small Molecule Targeting of Oxysterol-Binding Protein (OSBP)-Related Protein 4 and OSBP Inhibits Ovarian Cancer Cell Proliferation in Monolayer and Spheroid Cell Models. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:744-756. [PMID: 33860198 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of precision drugs for the selective treatment of ovarian cancer will require targeting proliferative factors selectively expressed in ovarian tumors or targeting unique physiological microenvironments specific for ovarian tumors. Here, we report that oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP)-related protein 4 (ORP4) is a potential druggable precision target in ovarian cancer cells. ORP4 has limited expression in normal tissues and was recently recognized to be a cancer-specific driver of cellular proliferation, including in patient-isolated leukemias. We demonstrate that ORP4 is strongly expressed in a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines. The antiproliferative natural product compound OSW-1 targets ORP4 and OSBP. Our results demonstrate that the OSW-1 compound has high antiproliferative potency in both monolayer and three-dimensional ovarian cancer spheroid models, especially compared to the standard-of-care agents cisplatin and paclitaxel. OSW-1 compound treatment induces a loss of ORP4 expression after 48 h, which is coincident with the cytotoxic effects of OSW-1. The absence of extracellular lipids markedly potentiated the cytotoxicity of OSW-1, which was reversed by addition of extracellular free cholesterol. OSBP, but not ORP4, is reported to transport cholesterol and other lipids between organelles. Our results indicate that the targeting of ORP4 is responsible for the antiproliferative activity of the OSW-1 compound, but that in the absence of exogenously supplied cholesterol, which might be similar to the in vivo ovarian cancer microenvironment, possible OSW-1 targeting of OSBP further potentiates the anticancer activity of the compound. Overall, ORP4 and potentially OSBP are revealed as potential druggable targets for the development of novel treatments for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Bensen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Gokhan Gunay
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Matthew C Finneran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Isha Jhingan
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Handan Acar
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States.,Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Anthony W G Burgett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73117, United States.,Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
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14
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Chang CL, Wu CC, Hsu YT, Hsu YC. Immune vulnerability of ovarian cancer stem-like cells due to low CD47 expression is protected by surrounding bulk tumor cells. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1803530. [PMID: 32923164 PMCID: PMC7458642 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1803530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrence of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer is common despite optimal surgical debulking and initial favorable responses to chemotherapy. Evidences suggest that cancer stem cells (CSCs) have inherent resistance to conventional therapies such as chemotherapy and play a decisive role in cancer recurrence. Cancer stem cells are also believed to be able to evade immunological attack. However, this study showed a different scenario in which cancer stem-like cells are more vulnerable to immunosurveillance. Our study demonstrated that isolated murine cancer stem-like cells, stem cell antigen (SCA)-1+ ID8 and CD133+ HM-1 cells, were susceptible to phagocytosis by macrophages and consequent CD8+ T cell immunity. The increased phagocytosis of these stem cell-like cells is attributed to low CD47 protein expression. SCA-1+ ID8 cells were able to grow in syngeneic mice but were soon rejected. Restoring CD47 expression delayed this immune-mediated rejection. SCA-1+ ID8 cells showed rapid growth by mixing with bulk ID8 cells. These results suggest that stem-like cells could be protected by surrounding non-stem cancer cells from immune attack. Similarly, both isolated human CD24−/low SKOV3 stem-like cells and spheroid OVCAR3 cells expressed lower CD47 levels. Our study provided novel insights into the immune characteristics of CSCs within a tumor microenvironment. The results might lead to the design of more effective treatment strategies for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Long Chang
- Departmental of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chih Wu
- Departmental of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ting Hsu
- Departmental of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chiung Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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15
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Chen B, Hua Z, Gong B, Tan X, Zhang S, Li Q, Chen Y, Zhang J, Li Z. Downregulation of PIF1, a potential new target of MYCN, induces apoptosis and inhibits cell migration in neuroblastoma cells. Life Sci 2020; 256:117820. [PMID: 32512012 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most common malignant tumors in children. Chemotherapy resistance is one of the significant challenges in the treatment of high-risk NB patients, and it is necessary to search for new valid targets for NB treatment. This study aims to explore the possible role of PIF1 in NB by using bioinformatic analysis and downregulation of PIF1 with specific siRNA. Kyoto genome encyclopedia and R language based gene ontology was used to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (including PIF1) when MYCN expression was silenced in NB cells. Analysis based on the R2 database showed a lower expression of PIF1 correlated with good prognosis in NB patients. Downregulation of MYCN expression by transfecting MYCN siRNA (#1, #2) into NB cells decreased the PIF1 expression at both mRNA and protein levels, while upregulation of MYCN expression by transfecting MYCN overexpressed plasmid increased the PIF1 expression. We further found that downregulation of PIF1 expression by transfecting PIF1 siRNA (#1, #2) into NB cells, increased the number of apoptotic cells, inhibited the cell survival, decreased the ability of cell migration and induced a cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. These data indicated that PIF1, as a potential new target of MYCN, maybe a novel target for NB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Medical Research Center, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environmental and Metabolic Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhongyan Hua
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Medical Research Center, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environmental and Metabolic Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Baocheng Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Medical Research Center, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environmental and Metabolic Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaolin Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Medical Research Center, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environmental and Metabolic Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Simeng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Medical Research Center, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environmental and Metabolic Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Medical Research Center, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environmental and Metabolic Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Medical Research Center, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environmental and Metabolic Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Medical Research Center, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environmental and Metabolic Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Medical Research Center, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environmental and Metabolic Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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16
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Ford CE, Werner B, Hacker NF, Warton K. The untapped potential of ascites in ovarian cancer research and treatment. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:9-16. [PMID: 32382112 PMCID: PMC7341795 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0875-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The build-up of fluid in the peritoneal cavity-ascites-is a hallmark of ovarian cancer, the most lethal of all gynaecological malignancies. This remarkable fluid, which contains a variety of cellular and acellular components, is known to contribute to patient morbidity and mortality by facilitating metastasis and contributing to chemoresistance, but remains largely under-researched. In this review, we will critically analyse the evidence associating ascites with metastasis and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer and provide an update on research in the field. We will argue the case for ascites as a unique and accessible substrate for tracking tumour progression and for translational research that will enhance our understanding of this cancer and lead to improvements in patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Elizabeth Ford
- Gynaecological Cancer Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre and School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Bonnita Werner
- Gynaecological Cancer Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre and School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Kristina Warton
- Gynaecological Cancer Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre and School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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17
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Brüningk SC, Rivens I, Box C, Oelfke U, Ter Haar G. 3D tumour spheroids for the prediction of the effects of radiation and hyperthermia treatments. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1653. [PMID: 32015396 PMCID: PMC6997397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58569-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
For multimodality therapies such as the combination of hyperthermia and radiation, quantification of biological effects is key for dose prescription and response prediction. Tumour spheroids have a microenvironment that more closely resembles that of tumours in vivo and may thus be a superior in vitro cancer model than monolayer cultures. Here, the response of tumour spheroids formed from two established human cancer cell lines (HCT116 and CAL27) to single and combination treatments of radiation (0-20 Gy), and hyperthermia at 47 °C (0-780 CEM43) has been evaluated. Response was analysed in terms of spheroid growth, cell viability and the distribution of live/dead cells. Time-lapse imaging was used to evaluate mechanisms of cell death and cell detachment. It was found that sensitivity to heat in spheroids was significantly less than that seen in monolayer cultures. Spheroids showed different patterns of shrinkage and regrowth when exposed to heat or radiation: heated spheroids shed dead cells within four days of heating and displayed faster growth post-exposure than samples that received radiation or no treatment. Irradiated spheroids maintained a dense structure and exhibited a longer growth delay than spheroids receiving hyperthermia or combination treatment at (thermal) doses that yielded equivalent levels of clonogenic cell survival. We suggest that, unlike radiation, which kills dividing cells, hyperthermia-induced cell death affects cells independent of their proliferation status. This induces microenvironmental changes that promote spheroid growth. In conclusion, 3D tumour spheroid growth studies reveal differences in response to heat and/or radiation that were not apparent in 2D clonogenic assays but that may significantly influence treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Brüningk
- Joint Department of Physics at The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SM25NG, UK.
| | - Ian Rivens
- Joint Department of Physics at The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SM25NG, UK
| | - Carol Box
- Joint Department of Physics at The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SM25NG, UK
| | - Uwe Oelfke
- Joint Department of Physics at The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SM25NG, UK
| | - Gail Ter Haar
- Joint Department of Physics at The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SM25NG, UK
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18
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Liu L, Hu J, Wang N, Liu Y, Wei X, Gao M, Ma Y, Wen D. A novel association of CCDC80 with gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women: a propensity score analysis from a case-control study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:53. [PMID: 31992220 PMCID: PMC6986032 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-2743-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a growing global epidemic. Our study aims to confirm the association between circulatory coiled-coil domain-containing 80 (CCDC80) in pregnant women with GDM, to investigate the discriminatory power of CCDC80 on GDM, and to explore the relationships between this molecular level and clinical cardiometabolic parameters. Methods A 1:2 matched case-control study with 61 GDM patients and 122 controls was conducted using a propensity score matching protocol. All participants were screened from a multicenter prospective pre-birth cohort: Born in Shenyang Cohort Study (BISCS). During 24 and 28 weeks of gestation, follow-up individuals underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and blood sampling for cardiometabolic characterization. Results Following propensity score matching adjustment for clinical variables, including maternal age, gestational age, body mass index, SBP and DBP, plasma CCDC80 levels were significantly decreased in patients with GDM when compared with controls (0.25 ± 0.10 vs. 0.31 ± 0.12 ng/ml, P = 0.003). Conditional multi-logistic regression analyses after adjustments for potential confounding factors revealed that CCDC80 was a strong and independent protective factor for GDM (ORs < 1). In addition, the results of the ROC analysis indicated the CCDC80 exhibited the capability to identify pregnant women with GDM (AUC = 0.633). Finally, multivariate regression analyses showed that CCDC80 levels were positively associated with AST, monoamine oxidase, complement C1q, LDL-C, apolipoprotein A1and B, and negatively associated with blood glucose levels at 1 h post- OGTT. Conclusions Biomarker CCDC80 could be of great value for the development of prediction, diagnosis and therapeutic strategies against GDM in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajin Hu
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Research Center of China Medical University Birth Cohort, China medical university, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningning Wang
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotong Wei
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Gao
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Ma
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Deliang Wen
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China. .,Research Center of China Medical University Birth Cohort, China medical university, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Yoshida T, Sopko NA, Kates M, Liu X, Joice G, Mcconkey DJ, Bivalacqua TJ. Impact of spheroid culture on molecular and functional characteristics of bladder cancer cell lines. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:4923-4929. [PMID: 31612003 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The three-dimensional cell culture system is an increasingly important technique for discovering new biological aspects of cancer cells. In the present study it was demonstrated that bladder cancer cell lines, RT4 and 5637, spontaneously formed round multicellular spheroids (MCSs) in suspension by the aggregation method. MCSs consisted of cells differentially expressing luminal/basal markers. Western blotting showed that PPARγ and forkhead box A1 (FOXA1)of luminal markers were expressed to a lesser extent in MCSs than in parental cells grown in two-dimensional (2D) adherent culture. Cells in MCSs in suspension proliferated less efficiently, and were more resistant to cisplatin (CDDP) and gemcitabine than parental cells grown in 2D culture. Culturing cell lines as MCSs in suspension is a notable platform to decipher alternative biological aspects of bladder cancer cells, which could not be unraveled by the conventional 2D adherent culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yoshida
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Nikolai A Sopko
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Max Kates
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,The Johns Hopkins Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Xiaopu Liu
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Gregory Joice
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - David J Mcconkey
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,The Johns Hopkins Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Trinity J Bivalacqua
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,The Johns Hopkins Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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20
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Gera S, Kumar S S, Swamy SN, Bhagat R, Vadaparty A, Gawari R, Bhat R, Dighe RR. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Is an Autocrine Regulator of the Ovarian Cancer Metastatic Niche Through Notch Signaling. J Endocr Soc 2018; 3:340-357. [PMID: 30680340 PMCID: PMC6334270 DOI: 10.1210/js.2018-00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between the upregulated Notch and FSH signaling and ovarian cancer is well documented. However, their signaling has been investigated independently and only in the primary tumor tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the interactive effects of FSH and Notch signaling on ovarian cancer proliferation, formation, and maintenance of disseminated ovarian cancer cells. The roles of Notch and FSH in ovarian cancer pathogenesis were investigated with ovarian cancer cell lines and specific antibodies against Notch and FSH receptor (FSHR). FSH upregulated Notch signaling and proliferation in ovarian cancer cells. High levels of FSH were detected in the ascites of patients with serous ovarian adenocarcinoma. Spheroids from the patients’ ascites, as well as the spheroids from ovarian cancer cell lines under low attachment culture conditions, expressed FSHβ subunit mRNA and secreted the hormone into the medium. In contrast, primary ovarian tumor tissues and cell line monolayers expressed very low levels of FSHβ. Ovarian cancer cell spheroids also exhibited higher expression of FSH receptor and Notch downstream genes than their monolayer counterparts. A combination of FSHR and Notch antagonistic antibodies significantly inhibited spheroid formation and cell proliferation in vitro. This study demonstrates that spheroids in ascites express and secrete FSH, which regulates cancer cell proliferation and spheroidogenesis through Notch signaling, suggesting that FSH is an autocrine regulator of cancer metastasis. Furthermore, Notch and FSHR are potential immunotherapeutic targets for ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Gera
- Department of Molecular Reproduction Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar S
- Department of Biochemistry, Kidwai Cancer Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Shalini N Swamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Kidwai Cancer Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Rahul Bhagat
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Shankara Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Bengaluru, India
| | - Annapurna Vadaparty
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Shankara Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ramesh Gawari
- Department of Biochemistry, Kidwai Cancer Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ramray Bhat
- Department of Molecular Reproduction Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Rajan R Dighe
- Department of Molecular Reproduction Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
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21
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Hadi LM, Yaghini E, Stamati K, Loizidou M, MacRobert AJ. Therapeutic enhancement of a cytotoxic agent using photochemical internalisation in 3D compressed collagen constructs of ovarian cancer. Acta Biomater 2018; 81:80-92. [PMID: 30267880 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical internalisation (PCI) is a method for enhancing delivery of drugs to their intracellular target sites of action. In this study we investigated the efficacy of PCI using a porphyrin photosensitiser and a cytotoxic agent on spheroid and non-spheroid compressed collagen 3D constructs of ovarian cancer versus conventional 2D culture. The therapeutic responses of two human carcinoma cell lines (SKOV3 and HEY) were compared using a range of assays including optical imaging. The treatment was shown to be effective in non-spheroid constructs of both cell lines causing a significant and synergistic reduction in cell viability measured at 48 or 96 h post-illumination. In the larger spheroid constructs, PCI was still effective but required higher saporin and photosensitiser doses. Moreover, in contrast to the 2D and non-spheroid experiments, where comparable efficacy was found for the two cell lines, HEY spheroid constructs were found to be more susceptible to PCI and a lower dose of saporin could be used. PCI treatment was observed to induce death principally by apoptosis in the 3D constructs compared to the mostly necrotic cell death caused by PDT. At low oxygen levels (1%) both PDT and PCI were significantly less effective in the constructs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Assessment of new drugs or delivery systems for cancer therapy prior to conducting in vivo studies often relies on the use of conventional 2D cell culture, however 3D cancer constructs can provide more physiologically relevant information owing to their 3D architecture and the presence of an extracellular matrix. This study investigates the efficacy of Photochemical Internalisation mediated drug delivery in 3D constructs. In 3D cultures, both oxygen and drug delivery to the cells are limited by diffusion through the extracellular matrix unlike 2D models, and in our model we have used compressed collagen constructs where the density of collagen mimics physiological values. These 3D constructs are therefore well suited to studying drug delivery using PCI. Our study highlights the potential of these constructs for identifying differences in therapeutic response to PCI of two ovarian carcinoma lines.
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22
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Heredia-Soto V, Redondo A, Berjón A, Miguel-Martín M, Díaz E, Crespo R, Hernández A, Yébenes L, Gallego A, Feliu J, Hardisson D, Mendiola M. High-throughput 3-dimensional culture of epithelial ovarian cancer cells as preclinical model of disease. Oncotarget 2018; 9:21893-21903. [PMID: 29774110 PMCID: PMC5955171 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent reports have identified distinct genomic patterns in ovarian carcinoma, including proliferative and mesenchymal-like groups, with worse outcome. The exact mechanisms driving the onset and progression of these tumors are still poorly understood. Additionally, researchers are concerned about the correct subtype stratification of the available cell line models, and the exploration of alternatives to monolayer culture. Identification of biomarkers to stratify cell lines, characterization of important processes as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and the use of three-dimensional (3D) cultures as alternative models could be useful for cell line classification. METHODS AND RESULTS In this work, we present a descriptive analysis of 16 commonly used ovarian cancer cell lines. We have studied their morphology in 2- and 3D culture, and their response to cisplatin, observing in the majority of them an increased resistance in 3D. We have also performed an immunohistochemical analysis for proliferation marker Ki-67, and EMT related markers to establish phenotypes. Epithelial cells tend to show higher proliferative rates, and mesenchymal cells show an increase in EMT related markers, especially when cultured in 3D conditions. CONCLUSIONS We have stated the complex heterogeneity of ovarian cancer models, resembling primary tumors, agreeing with the argument that the cell line model for in vitro experiments must be carefully chosen. Our results also support that tridimensional culture could be a very helpful alternative in ovarian cancer research. Regarding EMT, a very important process for the development of this disease, some related biomarkers might be further characterized for their role in this disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Heredia-Soto
- Molecular Pathology and Therapeutic Targets Research Lab, Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, HULP, Madrid 28046, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Andrés Redondo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, HULP, Madrid 28046, Spain
- Translational Oncology Research Lab, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, HULP, Madrid 28046, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, UAM, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Alberto Berjón
- Molecular Pathology and Therapeutic Targets Research Lab, Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, HULP, Madrid 28046, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, HULP, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - María Miguel-Martín
- Molecular Pathology and Therapeutic Targets Research Lab, Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, HULP, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - Esther Díaz
- Translational Oncology Research Lab, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, HULP, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - Roberto Crespo
- Translational Oncology Research Lab, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, HULP, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - Alicia Hernández
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hospital Universitario La Paz, HULP, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - Laura Yébenes
- Molecular Pathology and Therapeutic Targets Research Lab, Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, HULP, Madrid 28046, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, HULP, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gallego
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, HULP, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - Jaime Feliu
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, HULP, Madrid 28046, Spain
- Translational Oncology Research Lab, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, HULP, Madrid 28046, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, UAM, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Cátedra UAM-AMGEN, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - David Hardisson
- Molecular Pathology and Therapeutic Targets Research Lab, Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, HULP, Madrid 28046, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, UAM, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, HULP, Madrid 28046, Spain
- Molecular Pathology Section, Instituto de Genética Molecular y Médica, INGEMM, Hospital Universitario La Paz, HULP, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - Marta Mendiola
- Molecular Pathology and Therapeutic Targets Research Lab, Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, HULP, Madrid 28046, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Molecular Pathology Section, Instituto de Genética Molecular y Médica, INGEMM, Hospital Universitario La Paz, HULP, Madrid 28046, Spain
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Expression of semaphorin class 3 is higher in the proliferative phase on the human endometrium. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2018; 297:1175-1179. [PMID: 29450692 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-018-4719-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The semaphorins are related to angiogenesis and cell proliferation depending on the tissue. The purpose of this study was to assess gene expression of class 3 semaphorin (SEMA3A-F) and protein expression of semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A) within human endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle. METHODS Gene expression of SEMA3A-F was analyzed by real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and protein expression of SEMA3A was analyzed by ELISA in endometrial biopsies in the proliferative and secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. RESULTS Gene expression of SEMA3A, SEMA3C, SEMA3D, and SEMA3E was statistically significant decreased in secretory compared to proliferative phase endometrium (p < 0.05). Accordingly, SEMA3A protein expression in the secretory phase was lower than protein expression in proliferative phase endometrium (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION SEMA3A, 3C, 3D, and 3E are possibly related to cell proliferation in the endometrium, being more expressed in the proliferative phase of the cycle. This finding may stimulate studies of class 3 semaphorins as a possible target for treatment of endometrial pathologies.
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