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MacCormack TJ, Meli MV, Ede JD, Ong KJ, Rourke JL, Dieni CA. Commentary: Revisiting nanoparticle-assay interference: There's plenty of room at the bottom for misinterpretation. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 255:110601. [PMID: 33857590 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are a diverse class of materials whose distinct properties make them desirable in a multitude of applications. The proliferation of nanotoxicology research has improved our understanding of ENM toxicity, but an under appreciation for their potential to interfere with biochemical assays has hampered progress in the field. The physicochemical properties of ENMs can promote their interaction with membranes or biomacromolecules (e.g. proteins, genomic material). This can influence the activity of enzymes used as biomarkers or as reagents in biochemical assay protocols, bind indicator dyes in cytotoxicity tests, and/or interfere with the cellular mechanisms controlling the uptake of such dyes. The spectral characteristics of some ENMs can cause interference with common assay chromophores, fluorophores, and radioisotope scintillation cocktails. Finally, the inherent chemical reactivity of some ENMs can short circuit assay mechanisms by directly oxidizing or reducing indicator dyes. These processes affect data quality and may lead to significant misinterpretations regarding ENM safety. We provide an overview of some ENM properties that facilitate assay interference, examples of interference and the erroneous conclusions that may result from it, and a number of general and specific recommendations for validating cellular and biochemical assay protocols in nanotoxicology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J MacCormack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, 63C York St., Sackville, NB E4L1E4, Canada.
| | - M-V Meli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, 63C York St., Sackville, NB E4L1E4, Canada
| | - J D Ede
- Vireo Advisors, LLC, Boston, MA 02130-4323, USA
| | - K J Ong
- Vireo Advisors, LLC, Boston, MA 02130-4323, USA
| | - J L Rourke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, 63C York St., Sackville, NB E4L1E4, Canada
| | - C A Dieni
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Colorado Mesa University, 1100 North Ave., Grand Junction, CO 81501, USA
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Aguilar-Hernández I, Cárdenas-Chavez DL, López-Luke T, García-García A, Herrera-Domínguez M, Pisano E, Ornelas-Soto N. Discrimination of radiosensitive and radioresistant murine lymphoma cells by Raman spectroscopy and SERS. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:388-405. [PMID: 32010523 PMCID: PMC6968773 DOI: 10.1364/boe.11.000388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsic radiosensitivity is a biological parameter known to influence the response to radiation therapy in cancer treatment. In this study, Raman spectroscopy and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) were successfully used in conjunction with principal component analysis (PCA) to discriminate between radioresistant (LY-R) and radiosensitive (LY-S) murine lymphoma sublines (L5178Y). PCA results for normal Raman analysis showed a differentiation between the radioresistant and radiosensitive cell lines based on their specific spectral fingerprint. In the case of SERS with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), greater spectral enhancements were observed in the radioresistant subline in comparison to its radiosensitive counterpart, suggesting that each subline displays different interaction with AuNPs. Our results indicate that spectroscopic and chemometric techniques could be used as complementary tools for the prediction of intrinsic radiosensitivity of lymphoma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Aguilar-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Nanotecnología Ambiental, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L. 64849, Mexico
| | - Diana L. Cárdenas-Chavez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Atlixcáyotl 5718, Puebla, Pue., México, 72453, Mexico
| | - Tzarara López-Luke
- Instituto de Investigación en Metalurgia y Materiales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio U, Ciudad Universitaria, 58030 Morelia, Mich., Mexico
| | - Alejandra García-García
- Laboratorio de síntesis y Modificación de Nanoestructuras y Materiales Bidimensionales. Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados S.C. Parque PIIT. C.P. 66628, Apodaca N.L., Mexico
| | - Marcela Herrera-Domínguez
- Laboratorio de Nanotecnología Ambiental, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L. 64849, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Pisano
- Catedras CONACyT – Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica A.C., Alianza Centro 504, PIIT, Apodaca, N.L. 66629, Mexico
| | - Nancy Ornelas-Soto
- Laboratorio de Nanotecnología Ambiental, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L. 64849, Mexico
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Melby ES, Allen C, Foreman-Ortiz IU, Caudill ER, Kuech TR, Vartanian AM, Zhang X, Murphy CJ, Hernandez R, Pedersen JA. Peripheral Membrane Proteins Facilitate Nanoparticle Binding at Lipid Bilayer Interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:10793-10805. [PMID: 30102857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecular understanding of the impact of nanomaterials on cell membranes is critical for the prediction of effects that span environmental exposures to nanoenabled therapies. Experimental and computational studies employing phospholipid bilayers as model systems for membranes have yielded important insights but lack the biomolecular complexity of actual membranes. Here, we increase model membrane complexity by incorporating the peripheral membrane protein cytochrome c and studying the interactions of the resulting membrane systems with two types of anionic nanoparticles. Experimental and computational studies reveal that the extent of cytochrome c binding to supported lipid bilayers depends on anionic phospholipid number density and headgroup chemistry. Gold nanoparticles functionalized with short, anionic ligands or wrapped with an anionic polymer do not interact with silica-supported bilayers composed solely of phospholipids. Strikingly, when cytochrome c was bound to these bilayers, nanoparticles functionalized with short anionic ligands attached to model biomembranes in amounts proportional to the number of bound cytochrome c molecules. In contrast, anionic polymer-wrapped gold nanoparticles appeared to remove cytochrome c from supported lipid bilayers in a manner inversely proportional to the strength of cytochrome c binding to the bilayer; this reflects the removal of a weakly bound pool of cytochrome c, as suggested by molecular dynamics simulations. These results highlight the importance of the surface chemistry of both the nanoparticle and the membrane in predicting nano-bio interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Melby
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1525 Observatory Drive , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 3335 Innovation Boulevard , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
| | - Caley Allen
- Department of Chemistry , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - Isabel U Foreman-Ortiz
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Emily R Caudill
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Thomas R Kuech
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1525 Observatory Drive , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Ariane M Vartanian
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Catherine J Murphy
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Rigoberto Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - Joel A Pedersen
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1525 Observatory Drive , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
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