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Arkelius K, Wendt TS, Andersson H, Arnou A, Gottschalk M, Gonzales RJ, Ansar S. LOX-1 and MMP-9 Inhibition Attenuates the Detrimental Effects of Delayed rt-PA Therapy and Improves Outcomes After Acute Ischemic Stroke. Circ Res 2024; 134:954-969. [PMID: 38501247 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute ischemic stroke triggers endothelial activation that disrupts vascular integrity and increases hemorrhagic transformation leading to worsened stroke outcomes. rt-PA (recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator) is an effective treatment; however, its use is limited due to a restricted time window and hemorrhagic transformation risk, which in part may involve activation of MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases) mediated through LOX-1 (lectin-like oxLDL [oxidized low-density lipoprotein] receptor 1). This study's overall aim was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of novel MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase 9) ± LOX-1 inhibitors in combination with rt-PA to improve stroke outcomes. METHODS A rat thromboembolic stroke model was utilized to investigate the impact of rt-PA delivered 4 hours poststroke onset as well as selective MMP-9 (JNJ0966) ±LOX-1 (BI-0115) inhibitors given before rt-PA administration. Infarct size, perfusion, and hemorrhagic transformation were evaluated by 9.4-T magnetic resonance imaging, vascular and parenchymal MMP-9 activity via zymography, and neurological function was assessed using sensorimotor function testing. Human brain microvascular endothelial cells were exposed to hypoxia plus glucose deprivation/reperfusion (hypoxia plus glucose deprivation 3 hours/R 24 hours) and treated with ±tPA and ±MMP-9 ±LOX-1 inhibitors. Barrier function was assessed via transendothelial electrical resistance, MMP-9 activity was determined with zymography, and LOX-1 and barrier gene expression/levels were measured using qRT-PCR (quantitative reverse transcription PCR) and Western blot. RESULTS Stroke and subsequent rt-PA treatment increased edema, hemorrhage, MMP-9 activity, LOX-1 expression, and worsened neurological outcomes. LOX-1 inhibition improved neurological function, reduced edema, and improved endothelial barrier integrity. Elevated MMP-9 activity correlated with increased edema, infarct volume, and decreased neurological function. MMP-9 inhibition reduced MMP-9 activity and LOX-1 expression. In human brain microvascular endothelial cells, LOX-1/MMP-9 inhibition differentially attenuated MMP-9 levels, inflammation, and activation following hypoxia plus glucose deprivation/R. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that LOX-1 inhibition and ± MMP-9 inhibition attenuate negative aspects of ischemic stroke with rt-PA therapy, thus resulting in improved neurological function. While no synergistic effect was observed with simultaneous LOX-1 and MMP-9 inhibition, a distinct interaction is evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajsa Arkelius
- Applied Neurovascular Research, Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Sweden (K.A., H.A., A.A., S.A.)
| | - Trevor S Wendt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ (T.S.W., R.J.G.)
| | - Henrik Andersson
- Applied Neurovascular Research, Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Sweden (K.A., H.A., A.A., S.A.)
| | - Anaële Arnou
- Applied Neurovascular Research, Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Sweden (K.A., H.A., A.A., S.A.)
| | | | - Rayna J Gonzales
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ (T.S.W., R.J.G.)
| | - Saema Ansar
- Applied Neurovascular Research, Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Sweden (K.A., H.A., A.A., S.A.)
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Ali F, Khan A, Muhammad SA, Hassan SSU. Quantitative Real-Time Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes in Peripheral Blood Samples of Hypertension Patients. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020187. [PMID: 35205232 PMCID: PMC8872078 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is considered one of the most important and well-established reasons for cardiovascular abnormalities, strokes, and premature mortality globally. This study was designed to explore possible differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that contribute to the pathophysiology of hypertension. To identify the DEGs of HTN, we investigated 22 publicly available cDNA Affymetrix datasets using an integrated system-level framework. Gene Ontology (GO), pathway enrichment, and transcriptional factors were analyzed to reveal biological information. From 50 DEGs, we ranked 7 hypertension-related genes (p-value < 0.05): ADM, ANGPTL4, USP8, EDN, NFIL3, MSR1, and CEBPD. The enriched terms revealed significant functional roles of HIF-1-α transcription; endothelin; GPCR-binding ligand; and signaling pathways of EGF, PIk3, and ARF6. SP1 (66.7%), KLF7 (33.3%), and STAT1 (16.7%) are transcriptional factors associated with the regulatory mechanism. The expression profiles of these DEGs as verified by qPCR showed 3-times higher fold changes (2−ΔΔCt) in ADM, ANGPTL4, USP8, and EDN1 genes compared to control, while CEBPD, MSR1 and NFIL3 were downregulated. The aberrant expression of these genes is associated with the pathophysiological development and cardiovascular abnormalities. This study will help to modulate the therapeutic strategies of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawad Ali
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (F.A.); (A.K.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Arifullah Khan
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (F.A.); (A.K.)
| | - Syed Aun Muhammad
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.A.M.); (S.S.u.H.)
| | - Syed Shams ul Hassan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence: (S.A.M.); (S.S.u.H.)
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Liang YQ, Kakino A, Matsuzaka Y, Mashimo T, Isono M, Akamatsu T, Shimizu H, Tajima M, Kaneko T, Li L, Takeuchi F, Sawamura T, Kato N. LOX-1 (Lectin-Like Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-1) Deletion Has Protective Effects on Stroke in the Genetic Background of Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat. Stroke 2020; 51:1835-1843. [PMID: 32397936 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.029421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background and Purpose- oxLDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein) has been known for its potential to induce endothelial dysfunction and used as a major serological marker of oxidative stress. Recently, LOX-1 (lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1), a lectin-like receptor for oxLDL, has attracted attention in studies of neuronal apoptosis and stroke. We aim to investigate the impact of LOX-1-deficiency on spontaneous hypertension-related brain damage in the present study. Methods- We generated a LOX-1 deficient strain on the genetic background of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP), an animal model of severe hypertension and spontaneous stroke. In this new disease model with stroke-proneness, we monitored the occurrence of brain abnormalities with and without salt loading by multiple procedures including T2 weighted magnetic resonance imaging and also explored circulatory miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for cerebral ischemic injury by microarray analysis. Results- Both T2 weighted magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities and physiological parameter changes could be detected at significantly delayed timing in LOX-1 knockout rats compared with wild-type SHRSP, in either case of normal rat chow and salt loading (P<0.005 in all instances; n=11-20 for SHRSP and n=13-23 for LOX-1 knockout rats). There were no significant differences in the form of magnetic resonance imaging findings between the strains. A number of miRNAs expressed in the normal rat plasma, including rno-miR-150-5p and rno-miR-320-3p, showed significant changes after spontaneous brain damage in SHRSP, whereas the corresponding changes were modest or almost unnoticeable in LOX-1 knockout rats. There appeared to be the lessening of correlation of postischemic miRNA alterations between the injured brain tissue and plasma in LOX-1 knockout rats. Conclusions- Our data show that deficiency of LOX-1 has a protective effect on spontaneous brain damage in a newly generated LOX-1-deficient strain of SHRSP. Further, our analysis of miRNAs as biomarkers for ischemic brain damage supports a potential involvement of LOX-1 in blood brain barrier disruption after cerebral ischemia. Visual Overview- An online visual overview is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qiang Liang
- From the Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics (Y.-Q.L., Y.M., M.I., T.A., H.S., M.T., F.T., N.K.), National Center for Global Health and Medicine
| | - Akemi Kakino
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine (A.K., T.S.).,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University (A.K., T.S.)
| | - Yasunari Matsuzaka
- From the Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics (Y.-Q.L., Y.M., M.I., T.A., H.S., M.T., F.T., N.K.), National Center for Global Health and Medicine
| | - Tomoji Mashimo
- Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo (T.M.).,Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University (T.M.)
| | - Masato Isono
- From the Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics (Y.-Q.L., Y.M., M.I., T.A., H.S., M.T., F.T., N.K.), National Center for Global Health and Medicine
| | - Tomohisa Akamatsu
- From the Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics (Y.-Q.L., Y.M., M.I., T.A., H.S., M.T., F.T., N.K.), National Center for Global Health and Medicine.,Department of Pediatrics (T.A.), National Center for Global Health and Medicine
| | - Hana Shimizu
- From the Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics (Y.-Q.L., Y.M., M.I., T.A., H.S., M.T., F.T., N.K.), National Center for Global Health and Medicine
| | - Michiko Tajima
- From the Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics (Y.-Q.L., Y.M., M.I., T.A., H.S., M.T., F.T., N.K.), National Center for Global Health and Medicine
| | - Takehito Kaneko
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University (T.K.)
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Vascular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center (L.L.)
| | - Fumihiko Takeuchi
- From the Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics (Y.-Q.L., Y.M., M.I., T.A., H.S., M.T., F.T., N.K.), National Center for Global Health and Medicine
| | - Tatsuya Sawamura
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine (A.K., T.S.).,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University (A.K., T.S.)
| | - Norihiro Kato
- From the Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics (Y.-Q.L., Y.M., M.I., T.A., H.S., M.T., F.T., N.K.), National Center for Global Health and Medicine
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Modulation of Nitric Oxide Synthases by Oxidized LDLs: Role in Vascular Inflammation and Atherosclerosis Development. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133294. [PMID: 31277498 PMCID: PMC6651385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of physiological levels of nitric oxide (NO) produced by eNOS represents a key element for vascular endothelial homeostasis. On the other hand, NO overproduction, due to the activation of iNOS under different stress conditions, leads to endothelial dysfunction and, in the late stages, to the development of atherosclerosis. Oxidized LDLs (oxLDLs) represent the major candidates to trigger biomolecular processes accompanying endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation leading to atherosclerosis, though the pathophysiological mechanism still remains to be elucidated. Here, we summarize recent evidence suggesting that oxLDLs produce significant impairment in the modulation of the eNOS/iNOS machinery, downregulating eNOS via the HMGB1-TLR4-Caveolin-1 pathway. On the other hand, increased oxLDLs lead to sustained activation of the scavenger receptor LOX-1 and, subsequently, to NFkB activation, which, in turn, increases iNOS, leading to EC oxidative stress. Finally, these events are associated with reduced protective autophagic response and accelerated apoptotic EC death, which activates atherosclerotic development. Taken together, this information sheds new light on the pathophysiological mechanisms of oxLDL-related impairment of EC functionality and opens new perspectives in atherothrombosis prevention.
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Saik OV, Demenkov PS, Ivanisenko TV, Bragina EY, Freidin MB, Dosenko VE, Zolotareva OI, Choynzonov EL, Hofestaedt R, Ivanisenko VA. Search for New Candidate Genes Involved in the Comorbidity of Asthma and Hypertension Based on Automatic Analysis of Scientific Literature. J Integr Bioinform 2018; 15:/j/jib.2018.15.issue-4/jib-2018-0054/jib-2018-0054.xml. [PMID: 30864351 PMCID: PMC6348743 DOI: 10.1515/jib-2018-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Comorbid states of diseases significantly complicate diagnosis and treatment. Molecular mechanisms of comorbid states of asthma and hypertension are still poorly understood. Prioritization is a way for identifying genes involved in complex phenotypic traits. Existing methods of prioritization consider genetic, expression and evolutionary data, molecular-genetic networks and other. In the case of molecular-genetic networks, as a rule, protein-protein interactions and KEGG networks are used. ANDSystem allows reconstructing associative gene networks, which include more than 20 types of interactions, including protein-protein interactions, expression regulation, transport, catalysis, etc. In this work, a set of genes has been prioritized to find genes potentially involved in asthma and hypertension comorbidity. The prioritization was carried out using well-known methods (ToppGene and Endeavor) and a cross-talk centrality criterion, calculated by analysis of associative gene networks from ANDSystem. The identified genes, including IL1A, CD40LG, STAT3, IL15, FAS, APP, TLR2, C3, IL13 and CXCL10, may be involved in the molecular mechanisms of comorbid asthma/hypertension. An analysis of the dynamics of the frequency of mentioning the most priority genes in scientific publications revealed that the top 100 priority genes are significantly enriched with genes with increased positive dynamics, which may be a positive sign for further studies of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Saik
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Pavel S Demenkov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Timofey V Ivanisenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena Yu Bragina
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Maxim B Freidin
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Victor E Dosenko
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Science, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Olga I Zolotareva
- Bielefeld University, International Research Training Group "Computational Methods for the Analysis of the Diversity and Dynamics of Genomes", Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Evgeniy L Choynzonov
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Ralf Hofestaedt
- Bielefeld University, Technical Faculty, AG Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Vladimir A Ivanisenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Cerebrovascular Gene Expression in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats After Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion. Neuroscience 2017; 367:219-232. [PMID: 29102661 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke, which is one of the leading global causes of death. In the search for new and effective therapeutic targets in stroke research, we need to understand the influence of hypertension in the vasculature following stroke. We used Affymetrix whole-transcriptome expression profiling as a tool to address gene expression differences between the occluded and non-occluded middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), to provide clues about the pathological mechanisms set in play after stroke. Verified by quantitative PCR, expression of Ccl2, Edn1, Tgfβ2, Olr1 and Serpine1 was significantly increased in the occluded compared to non-occluded MCAs from both SHRs and WKY rats. Additionally, expression of Mmp9, Icam1, Hif1α and Timp1 was increased in the occluded compared to non-occluded MCAs isolated from WKY rats. In comparison between occluded MCAs from SHRs versus occluded MCAs from WKY rats, expression of Ccl2, Olr1 and Serpine1 was significantly increased in SHR MCAs. However, the opposite was observed regarding expression of Edn1. Thus these data suggest that Ccl2, Edn1, Tgfβ2, Olr1 and Serpine1 may be possible mediators of the vascular changes in the occluded MCAs from both SHRs and WKY rats after tMCAO. The aforementioned genes possess biological functions that are consistent with early stroke injuries. In conclusion, these genes may be potential targets in future strategies for acute stroke treatments that can be used in patients with and without hypertension.
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