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Sharma A, Singh AK. Molecular mechanism of caloric restriction mimetics-mediated neuroprotection of age-related neurodegenerative diseases: an emerging therapeutic approach. Biogerontology 2023; 24:679-708. [PMID: 37428308 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10045-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Aging-induced neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are significantly increasing health problem worldwide. It has been well documented that oxidative stress is one of the potential causes of aging and age-related NDs. There are no drugs for the treatment of NDs, therefore there is an immediate necessity for the development of strategies/treatments either to prevent or cure age-related NDs. Caloric restriction (CR) and intermittent fasting have been considered as effective strategies in increasing the healthspan and lifespan, but it is difficult to adhere to these routines strictly, which has led to the development of calorie restriction mimetics (CRMs). CRMs are natural compounds that provide similar molecular and biochemical effects of CR, and activate autophagy process. CRMs have been reported to regulate redox signaling by enhancing the antioxidant defense systems through activation of the Nrf2 pathway, and inhibiting ROS generation through attenuation of mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, CRMs also regulate redox-sensitive signaling pathways such as the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways to promote neuronal cell survival. Here, we discuss the neuroprotective effects of various CRMs at molecular and cellular levels during aging of the brain. The CRMs are envisaged to become a cornerstone of the pharmaceutical arsenal against aging and age-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorv Sharma
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology and Neurosciences, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar Singh
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology and Neurosciences, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India.
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Staršíchová A. SR-B1-/-ApoE-R61h/h Mice Mimic Human Coronary Heart Disease. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023:10.1007/s10557-023-07475-8. [PMID: 37273155 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-023-07475-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the modern world. Atherosclerosis underlies the majority of these pathologies and may result in sudden life-threatening events such as myocardial infarction or stroke. Current concepts consider a rupture (resp. erosion) of "unstable/vulnerable" atherosclerotic plaques as a primary cause leading to thrombus formation and subsequent occlusion of the artery lumen finally triggering an acute clinical event. We and others described SR-B1-/-ApoE-R61h/h mice mimicking clinical coronary heart disease in all major aspects: from coronary atherosclerosis through vulnerable plaque ruptures leading to thrombus formation/coronary artery occlusion, finally resulting in myocardial infarction/ischemia. SR-B1-/-ApoE-R61h/h mouse provides a valuable model to study vulnerable/occlusive plaques, to evaluate bioactive compounds as well as new anti-inflammatory and "anti-rupture" drugs, and to test new technologies in experimental cardiovascular medicine. This review summarizes and discuss our knowledge about SR-B1-/-ApoE-R61h/h mouse model based on recent publications and experimental observations from the lab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Staršíchová
- Graduate School Cell Dynamics and Disease, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
- Novogenia Covid GmbH, Eugendorf, Austria.
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Hazarika L, Sen S, Doshi J. Molecular docking analysis of arjunolic acid from Terminalia arjuna with a coronary artery disease target APOE4. Bioinformation 2021; 17:949-958. [PMID: 35655909 PMCID: PMC9148589 DOI: 10.6026/97320630017949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Apo lipoprotein-E (APOE) encoded by APOE gene, is a plasma glycoprotein of 34.15 kDa and has a significant genetic association in coronary artery disease (CAD) progression. The silent epidemic of different cardiovascular diseases including CAD challenges novel therapeutic alternatives to prevent to treat chronic conditions of the disease and its associated complications. It is believed that natural phyto compounds and extracts have been a potential source of treating health conditions and have been practiced since several decades. The aim of the study is to identify phyto compounds having significant cardio protective activity targeting APOE4. Since protein-ligand interactions play a leading role in structure-based drug design, with the help of molecular docking, we selected 20 phyto chemicals present in different plants and investigated their binding affinity against targeted APOE isoforms. Among all selected phytoc ompounds, arjunolic acid, from Terminalia arjuna plant was found as promising candidate for developing therapeutic against APOE4 activated CAD. Findings from the present work could be further studied for clinical evaluations on human to adopt strategies and reduce the prevalence and mortality. Arjunolic acid derivatives can be used as a source of new medication or development of novel compounds in the treatment of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lima Hazarika
- Department of Biosciences, Assam Don Bosco University, Sonapur, 782402, Assam, India
| | - Supriyo Sen
- Department of Biosciences, Assam Don Bosco University, Sonapur, 782402, Assam, India
| | - Jitesh Doshi
- BioInsight Solutions Private Limited, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai,410210, Maharashtra, India
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Barinov EF, Statinova EA, Sokhina VS, Faber TI. [Risks of progression of cerebrovascular pathology associated with the activity of the brain purinergic system]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2020; 120:118-124. [PMID: 33244967 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2020120101118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Until now, there is no understanding of the relationship between risk factors and the progression of cerebrovascular pathology. The review presents facts that confirm the involvement of various subtypes of purine P2 receptors in neuron activation, growth and myelination of axons, migration and microglia phagocytosis, astrogliosis, regulation of vascular tone, thrombosis and angiogenesis, neuroinflammation and immune responses. The data suggest the possibility of the activation of purinergic system of the brain during the development of main risk factors for cerebrovascular pathology (age, arterial hypertension, diabetes), as a stereotypical mechanism that can affect the homeostasis of the ensemble "neuron-glia-capillary". Purinergic P2 receptors may be a potential target for the development of pharmacological methods to limit the progression of cerebrovascular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- E F Barinov
- Gorky Donetsk National Medical University, Donetsk, Ukraina
| | - E A Statinova
- Gorky Donetsk National Medical University, Donetsk, Ukraina
| | - V S Sokhina
- Gorky Donetsk National Medical University, Donetsk, Ukraina
| | - T I Faber
- Gorky Donetsk National Medical University, Donetsk, Ukraina
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Sharif H, Akash MSH, Rehman K, Irshad K, Imran I. Pathophysiology of atherosclerosis: Association of risk factors and treatment strategies using plant-based bioactive compounds. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13449. [PMID: 32851658 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Under physiological conditions, endothelial cells act as protective barrier which prevents direct contact of blood with circulating factors via production of tissue plasminogen activator. Risk factors of metabolic disorders are responsible to induce endothelial dysfunction and may consequently lead to prognosis of atherosclerosis. This article summarizes the process of atherosclerosis which involves number of sequences including formation and interaction of AGE-RAGE, activation of polyol pathway, protein kinase C, and hexosamine-mediated pathway. All these mechanisms can lead to the development of oxidative stress which may further aggravate condition. Different pharmacological interventions are being used to treat atherosclerosis, however, these might be associated with mild to severe side effects. Therefore, plant-based bioactive compounds having potential to combat and prevent atherosclerosis in diabetic patients are attaining recent focus. By understanding process of development and mechanisms involved in atherosclerotic plaque formation, these bioactive compounds can be better option for future therapeutic interventions for atherosclerosis treatment. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Atherosclerosis is one of major underlying disorders of cardiovascular diseases which occur through multiple mechanisms and is associated with metabolic disorders. Conventional therapeutic interventions are not only used to treat atherosclerosis, but are also commonly associated with mild to severe side effects. Therefore, nowadays, bioactive compounds having potential to combat and prevent atherosclerosis in diabetic patients are preferred. By understanding mechanisms involved in atherosclerotic plaque formation, bioactive compounds can be better understood for treatment of atherosclerosis. In this manuscript, we have focused on treatment strategies of atherosclerosis using bioactive compounds notably alkaloids and flavonoids having diverse pharmacological and therapeutic potentials with special focus on the mechanism of action of these bioactive compounds suitable for treatment of atherosclerosis. This manuscript will provide the scientific insights of bioactive compounds to researchers who are working in the area of drug discovery and development to control pathogenesis and development of atherosclerosis and its associated cardiometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Sharif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Kanwal Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Irshad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Imran Imran
- Department of Pharmacology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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Balhara A, Ladumor M, Singh DK, Praneetha P, Preethi J, Pokharkar S, Deshpande AY, Giri S, Singh S. In vitro evaluation of reactive nature of E- and Z-guggulsterones and their metabolites in human liver microsomes using UHPLC-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 186:113275. [PMID: 32247160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Guggulipid is known to be useful for hypercholesterolemia, arthritis, acne, and obesity. These activities are attributed to its two principal isomeric active constituents, viz., E- and Z-guggulsterones. There are several side effects reported for guggulipid, which include widespread erythematous papules in a morbilliform pattern and macules localized to the arms; swelling and erythema of the face with burning sensation; pruritis; and bullous lesions on the lower legs with associated headaches, myalgia and itching. We hypothesized that one probable reason for these toxic reactions could be the formation of electrophilic reactive metabolites (RMs) of guggulsterones and their subsequent reaction with cellular proteins. Unfortunately, no report exists in the literature highlighting detection of RMs of guggulsterone isomers. Accordingly, the present study was undertaken to investigate the potential of E- and Z-guggulsterones to form RMs in human liver microsomes (HLM) using glutathione (GSH) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as trapping agents. The generated samples were analysed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to an Orbitrap mass spectrometer. The analysis of incubations with trapping agents highlighted that hydroxylated metabolites of guggulsterone isomers showed adduction with GSH and NAC. Even direct adducts of guggulsterone isomers were observed with both the trapping agents. The in silico toxicity potential of E- and Z-guggulsterones and their RMs was predicted using ADMET Predictor™ software and comparison was made against reported toxicities of guggulipid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Balhara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Mayur Ladumor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Pammi Praneetha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Jalvadi Preethi
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Aurigene Discovery Technologies Limited, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 090, India
| | - Sunil Pokharkar
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Aurigene Discovery Technologies Limited, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 090, India
| | | | - Sanjeev Giri
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Aurigene Discovery Technologies Limited, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 090, India
| | - Saranjit Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India.
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Red Wine Grape Pomace Attenuates Atherosclerosis and Myocardial Damage and Increases Survival in Association with Improved Plasma Antioxidant Activity in a Murine Model of Lethal Ischemic Heart Disease. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092135. [PMID: 31500172 PMCID: PMC6770693 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A healthy dietary pattern and high quality nutrient intake reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk. Red wine grape pomace (RWGP)—a rich natural source of dietary fiber and antioxidants—appears to be a potential functional food ingredient. The impact of a dietary supplementation with RWGP flour was evaluated in atherogenic diet-fed SR-B1 KO/ApoER61h/h mice, a model of lethal ischemic heart disease. SR-B1 KO/ApoER61h/h mice were fed with atherogenic (high fat, cholesterol, and cholic acid, HFC) diet supplemented with: (a) 20% chow (HFC-Control), (b) 20% RWGP flour (HFC-RWGP), or (c) 10% chow/10% oat fiber (HFC-Fiber); and survival time was evaluated. In addition, SR-B1 KO/ApoER61h/h mice were fed for 7 or 14 days with HFC-Control or HFC-RWGP diets and plasma lipid levels, inflammation, oxidative damage, and antioxidant activity were measured. Atherosclerosis and myocardial damage were assessed by histology and magnetic resonance imaging, respectively. Supplementation with RWGP reduced premature death, changed TNF-α and IL-10 levels, and increased plasma antioxidant activity. Moreover, decreased atheromatous aortic and brachiocephalic plaque sizes and attenuated myocardial infarction and dysfunction were also observed. These results suggest that RWGP flour intake may be used as a non-pharmacological therapeutic approach, contributing to decreased progression of atherosclerosis, reduced coronary heart disease, and improved cardiovascular outcomes.
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