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Zorkina Y, Ushakova V, Ochneva A, Tsurina A, Abramova O, Savenkova V, Goncharova A, Alekseenko I, Morozova I, Riabinina D, Kostyuk G, Morozova A. Lipids in Psychiatric Disorders: Functional and Potential Diagnostic Role as Blood Biomarkers. Metabolites 2024; 14:80. [PMID: 38392971 PMCID: PMC10890164 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14020080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipids are a crucial component of the human brain, serving important structural and functional roles. They are involved in cell function, myelination of neuronal projections, neurotransmission, neural plasticity, energy metabolism, and neuroinflammation. Despite their significance, the role of lipids in the development of mental disorders has not been well understood. This review focused on the potential use of lipids as blood biomarkers for common mental illnesses, such as major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. This review also discussed the impact of commonly used psychiatric medications, such as neuroleptics and antidepressants, on lipid metabolism. The obtained data suggested that lipid biomarkers could be useful for diagnosing psychiatric diseases, but further research is needed to better understand the associations between blood lipids and mental disorders and to identify specific biomarker combinations for each disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Zorkina
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Kropotkinsky per. 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeria Ushakova
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Kropotkinsky per. 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Ochneva
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Kropotkinsky per. 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Tsurina
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Abramova
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Kropotkinsky per. 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeria Savenkova
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Goncharova
- Moscow Center for Healthcare Innovations, 123473 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Alekseenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academi of Science, 142290 Moscow, Russia
- Russia Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", 2, Kurchatov Square, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Morozova
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria Riabinina
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgy Kostyuk
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Morozova
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Kropotkinsky per. 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia
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2
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Haider A, Zhao C, Wang L, Xiao Z, Rong J, Xia X, Chen Z, Pfister SK, Mast N, Yutuc E, Chen J, Li Y, Shao T, Warnock GI, Dawoud A, Connors TR, Oakley DH, Wei H, Wang J, Zheng Z, Xu H, Davenport AT, Daunais JB, Van RS, Shao Y, Wang Y, Zhang MR, Gebhard C, Pikuleva I, Levey AI, Griffiths WJ, Liang SH. Assessment of cholesterol homeostasis in the living human brain. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eadc9967. [PMID: 36197966 PMCID: PMC9581941 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adc9967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in brain cholesterol homeostasis have been broadly implicated in neurological disorders. Notwithstanding the complexity by which cholesterol biology is governed in the mammalian brain, excess neuronal cholesterol is primarily eliminated by metabolic clearance via cytochrome P450 46A1 (CYP46A1). No methods are currently available for visualizing cholesterol metabolism in the living human brain; therefore, a noninvasive technology that quantitatively measures the extent of brain cholesterol metabolism via CYP46A1 could broadly affect disease diagnosis and treatment options using targeted therapies. Here, we describe the development and testing of a CYP46A1-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) tracer, 18F-CHL-2205 (18F-Cholestify). Our data show that PET imaging readouts correlate with CYP46A1 protein expression and with the extent to which cholesterol is metabolized in the brain, as assessed by cross-species postmortem analyses of specimens from rodents, nonhuman primates, and humans. Proof of concept of in vivo efficacy is provided in the well-established 3xTg-AD murine model of Alzheimer's disease (AD), where we show that the probe is sensitive to differences in brain cholesterol metabolism between 3xTg-AD mice and control animals. Furthermore, our clinical observations point toward a considerably higher baseline brain cholesterol clearance via CYP46A1 in women, as compared to age-matched men. These findings illustrate the vast potential of assessing brain cholesterol metabolism using PET and establish PET as a sensitive tool for noninvasive assessment of brain cholesterol homeostasis in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Haider
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Emory University, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, 1364 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Chunyu Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Emory University, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, 1364 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zhiwei Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Emory University, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, 1364 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jian Rong
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Emory University, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, 1364 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xiaotian Xia
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Stefanie K. Pfister
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Natalia Mast
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Eylan Yutuc
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, SA2 8PP Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Emory University, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, 1364 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yinlong Li
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Emory University, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, 1364 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Tuo Shao
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Geoffrey I. Warnock
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Alyaa Dawoud
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, 11835, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Theresa R. Connors
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Massachusetts Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Derek H. Oakley
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114-2696, USA
- C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Massachusetts Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Huiyi Wei
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jinghao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zhihua Zheng
- Guangdong Province Pharmaceutical Association, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - April T. Davenport
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - James B. Daunais
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Richard S. Van
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Yihan Shao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Yuqin Wang
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, SA2 8PP Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Catherine Gebhard
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Irina Pikuleva
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Allan I. Levey
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - William J. Griffiths
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, SA2 8PP Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Steven H. Liang
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Emory University, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, 1364 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Sfera A, Hazan S, Anton JJ, Sfera DO, Andronescu CV, Sasannia S, Rahman L, Kozlakidis Z. Psychotropic drugs interaction with the lipid nanoparticle of COVID-19 mRNA therapeutics. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:995481. [PMID: 36160443 PMCID: PMC9503827 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.995481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines for COVID-19, Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna, were authorized in the US on an emergency basis in December of 2020. The rapid distribution of these therapeutics around the country and the world led to millions of people being vaccinated in a short time span, an action that decreased hospitalization and death but also heightened the concerns about adverse effects and drug-vaccine interactions. The COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are of particular interest as they form the vanguard of a range of other mRNA therapeutics that are currently in the development pipeline, focusing both on infectious diseases as well as oncological applications. The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) has gained additional attention during the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically regarding the rollout of mRNA therapeutics. However, for VAERS, absence of a reporting platform for drug-vaccine interactions left these events poorly defined. For example, chemotherapy, anticonvulsants, and antimalarials were documented to interfere with the mRNA vaccines, but much less is known about the other drugs that could interact with these therapeutics, causing adverse events or decreased efficacy. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 exploitation of host cytochrome P450 enzymes, reported in COVID-19 critical illness, highlights viral interference with drug metabolism. For example, patients with severe psychiatric illness (SPI) in treatment with clozapine often displayed elevated drug levels, emphasizing drug-vaccine interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adonis Sfera
- Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Sabine Hazan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan J. Anton
- Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
- Department of Biology, California Baptist University, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Dan O. Sfera
- Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Leah Rahman
- Department of Medicine, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Zisis Kozlakidis
- International Agency For Research On Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
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Desmosterol and 7-dehydrocholesterol concentrations in post mortem brains of depressed people: The role of trazodone. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:139. [PMID: 35379782 PMCID: PMC8980007 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01903-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common, disabling, and heterogeneous condition that responds unpredictably to current treatments. We previously showed an association between depressive symptoms and plasma concentrations of two cholesterol precursors, desmosterol and 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DHC). Here, we measured total cholesterol and sterol concentrations with mass spectrometry in postmortem brain samples from depressed and control subjects. Mean (±SEM) desmosterol concentration was 8.9 ± 0.97 ng/mg in the depressed versus 10.7 ± 0.72 ng/mg in the control group. The mean of the posterior probability distribution for the difference in desmosterol concentration between the two groups was 2.36 (95% highest density interval [HDI] 0.59-4.17). Mean 7DHC concentrations, 12.5 ± 4.1 ng/mg in the depressed versus 5.4 ± 0.74 ng/mg in the control group, were unlikely to be different (95% HDI, [-1.37-0.34]). We found that presence of trazodone in the peri-mortem toxicology screen accounted for the observed difference in desmosterol concentrations. We also observed extremely high 7DHC levels in all 4 subjects who had taken trazodone. Trazodone has been recently found to inhibit 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase and alter sterol concentrations in rodents, cell culture, human fibroblasts, and blood. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that trazodone alters human brain sterol composition. Given congenital deficiency of 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase results in Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, our findings support the hypothesis that this commonly used medication may have previously unappreciated risks.
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Korade Z, Heffer M, Mirnics K. Medication effects on developmental sterol biosynthesis. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:490-501. [PMID: 33820938 PMCID: PMC8490477 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01074-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is essential for normal brain function and development. Genetic disruptions of sterol biosynthesis result in intellectual and developmental disabilities. Developing neurons synthesize their own cholesterol, and disruption of this process can occur by both genetic and chemical mechanisms. Many commonly prescribed medications interfere with sterol biosynthesis, including haloperidol, aripiprazole, cariprazine, fluoxetine, trazodone and amiodarone. When used during pregnancy, these compounds might have detrimental effects on the developing brain of the offspring. In particular, inhibition of dehydrocholesterol-reductase 7 (DHCR7), the last enzyme in the biosynthesis pathway, results in accumulation of the immediate cholesterol precursor, 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC). 7-DHC is highly unstable, giving rise to toxic oxysterols; this is particularly pronounced in a mouse model when both the mother and the offspring carry the Dhcr7+/- genotype. Studies of human dermal fibroblasts from individuals who carry DCHR7+/- single allele mutations suggest that the same gene*medication interaction also occurs in humans. The public health relevance of these findings is high, as DHCR7-inhibitors can be considered teratogens, and are commonly used by pregnant women. In addition, sterol biosynthesis inhibiting medications should be used with caution in individuals with mutations in sterol biosynthesis genes. In an age of precision medicine, further research in this area could open opportunities to improve patient and fetal/infant safety by tailoring medication prescriptions according to patient genotype and life stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeljka Korade
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA, 68198.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA, 68198
| | - Marija Heffer
- J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Károly Mirnics
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA. .,Munroe-Meyer Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA.
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Mason AE, Fisher SM, Chowdhary A, Guvva E, Veasna D, Floyd E, Fender SB, Raison C. Feasibility and acceptability of a Whole-Body hyperthermia (WBH) protocol. Int J Hyperthermia 2021; 38:1529-1535. [PMID: 34674592 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2021.1991010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole-body hyperthermia (WBH) has shown promise as a non-pharmacologic treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) in prior trials that used a medical (infrared) hyperthermia device. Further evaluation of WBH as a treatment for MDD has, however, been stymied by regulatory challenges. OBJECTIVE We examined whether a commercially available infrared sauna device without FDA-imposed limitations could produce the degree of core body temperature (101.3 °F) associated with reduced depressive symptoms in prior WBH studies. We also assessed the frequency of adverse events and the amount of time needed to achieve this core body temperature. We explored changes (pre-post WBH) in self-reported mood and affect. METHODS Twenty-five healthy adults completed a single WBH session lasting up to 110 min in a commercially available sauna dome (Curve Sauna Dome). We assessed core body temperature rectally during WBH, and mood and affect at timepoints before and after WBH. RESULTS All participants achieved the target core body temperature (101.3 °F). On average, it took participants 82.12 min (SD = 11.3) to achieve this temperature (range: 61-110 min), and WBH ended after a participant maintained 101.3 °F for two consecutive minutes. In exploratory analyses of changes in mood and affect, we found that participants evidenced reductions (t[24] = 2.03, M diff = 1.00, p=.054, 95% CI [-2.02,0.02]) in self-reported depression symptoms from 1 week pre- to 1 week post-WBH, and reductions (t[24]= -2.93, M diff= -1.72, p=.007, 95% CI [-2.93, -0.51]) in self-reported negative affect pre-post-WBH session. CONCLUSION This novel WBH protocol holds promise in further assessing the utility of WBH in MDD treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was registered at clinicaltrivals.gov (NCT04249700).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Mason
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sarah M Fisher
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anoushka Chowdhary
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ekaterina Guvva
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA.,College of Nursing, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Danou Veasna
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erin Floyd
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Charles Raison
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, School of Human Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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7
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Lin CH, Su H, Hung CC, Lane HY, Shiea J. Characterization of Potential Protein Biomarkers for Major Depressive Disorder Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154457. [PMID: 34361610 PMCID: PMC8348063 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry is a sensitive analytical tool for characterizing various biomolecules in biofluids. In this study, MALDI-TOF was used to characterize potential plasma biomarkers for distinguishing patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) from patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. To avoid interference from albumin—the predominant protein in plasma—the plasma samples were pretreated using acid hydrolysis. The results obtained by MALDI-TOF were also validated by electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight (ESI-QTOF) mass spectrometry. The analytical results were further treated with principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The statistical analyses showed that MDD patients could be distinguished from schizophrenia patients and healthy controls by the lack of apolipoprotein C1 (Apo C1), which, in fact, was detected in healthy controls and schizophrenia patients. This protein is suggested to be a potential plasma biomarker for distinguishing MDD patients from healthy controls and schizophrenia patients. Since sample preparation for MALDI-TOF is very simple, high-throughput plasma apolipoprotein analysis for clinical purposes is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Hsin Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404332, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan
| | - Hung Su
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804351, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Chieh Hung
- Department of Psychiatry & Brain Disease Research Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan;
| | - Hsien-Yuan Lane
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404332, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry & Brain Disease Research Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan;
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung 413305, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-Y.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Jentaie Shiea
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804351, Taiwan;
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-Y.L.); (J.S.)
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8
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Soran H, Ho JH, Durrington PN. Acquired low cholesterol: diagnosis and relevance to safety of low LDL therapeutic targets. Curr Opin Lipidol 2018; 29:318-326. [PMID: 29746303 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Acquired hypocholesterolaemia occurs more commonly than inherited hypocholesterolaemia but has received little attention in the literature. In this review, we discuss the causes and underlying mechanisms of acquired hypocholesterolaemia and its relevance to safety of therapeutically induced decreased LDL cholesterol levels. RECENT FINDINGS Hypocholesterolaemia is increasingly identified as cholesterol testing becomes more widespread in the assessment of cardiovascular risk. Lower therapeutic targets for LDL cholesterol are also being achieved more regularly with the introduction of more intensive cholesterol-lowering regimens. Acquired hypocholesterolaemia may be the presenting feature of treatable diseases. Understanding its mechanisms may also provide new treatment approaches for neoplastic disease, such as breast cancer, and infections, such as tuberculosis. SUMMARY When hypocholesterolaemia is discovered, it is important to identify its cause. Further research into the pathogenesis of hypocholesterolaemia may provide new therapies for primary diseases underlying it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handrean Soran
- Lipoprotein Research Group, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester
- Department of Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Jan Hoong Ho
- Lipoprotein Research Group, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester
- Department of Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul N Durrington
- Lipoprotein Research Group, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester
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9
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Xiao MM, Li JB, Jiang LL, Shao H, Wang BL. Plasma nesfatin-1 level is associated with severity of depression in Chinese depressive patients. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:88. [PMID: 29615007 PMCID: PMC5883589 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1672-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nesfatin-1 plays a role in the regulation of emotional states like depression. The aim of this study was to investigate the plasma nesfatin-1levels in Chinese patients with depression and healthy subjects, and to determine the possible association between the plasma nesfatin-1 level and the severity of depression. METHODS A total of 103 depressive patients and 32 healthy subjects were assessed. According to HAMD-17scores, 51, 18, and 34 patients were enrolled in the mild depression, moderate depression, and severe depression groups, respectively. Plasma nesfatin-1 levels were determined by the ELISA method. Differences between groups were compared and associations between plasma nesfatin-1 and other variables were analyzed. RESULTS The plasma nesfatin-1 was significantly positively correlated with HAMD-17 score (r = 0.651). Compared with healthy controls (8.11 ± 3.31 ng/mL), the plasma nesfatin-1 level significantly increased in patients with mild depression (11.17 ± 3.58 ng/mL), with moderate depression (16.33 ± 8.78 ng/mL), and with severe depression (27.65 ± 8.26 ng/mL) respectively. Plasma nesfatin-1 level (Odds ratio [OR] = 1.269) was an independent indicator for severe depression by multivariate logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION The plasma nesfatin-1 level is positively correlated with the severity of depression. Plasma nesfatin-1 level may be a potential indicator for depression severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Min Xiao
- 0000 0000 9490 772Xgrid.186775.aClinical Laboratory, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, 230001 Anhui China ,Clinical Laboratory, The Second People’s Hospital of Wuhu City, Wuhu, 241001 Anhui China
| | - Jiang-Bo Li
- Department of Clinical Psychiatry, The Second People’s Hospital of Wuhu City, Wuhu, 241001 Anhui China
| | - Lan-Lan Jiang
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second People’s Hospital of Wuhu City, Wuhu, 241001 Anhui China
| | - Hui Shao
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second People’s Hospital of Wuhu City, Wuhu, 241001 Anhui China
| | - Bao-Long Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
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