5-year long-term efficacy of 120-W GreenLight photoselective vaporization of the prostate for benign prostate hyperplasia

Reoperation after surgical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review

Context

Surgical treatment is important for male lower urinary tract symptom (LUTS) management, but there are few reviews of the risks of reoperation.

Objective

To systematically evaluate the current evidence regarding the reoperation rates of surgical treatment for LUTS in accordance with current recommendations and guidelines.

Evidence acquisition

Eligible studies published up to July 2023, were searched for in the PubMed® (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA), Embase® (Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands), and Web of Science™ (Clarivate™, Philadelphia, PA, USA) databases. STATA® (StataCorp LP, College Station, TX, USA) software was used to conduct the meta-analysis. Random-effects models were used to calculate the pooled incidences (PIs) of reoperation and the 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Evidence synthesis

A total of 119 studies with 130,106 patients were included. The reoperation rate of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years was 4.0%, 5.0%, 6.0%, and 7.7%, respectively. The reoperation rate of plasma kinetic loop resection of the prostate (PKRP) at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years was 3.5%, 3.6%, 5.7%, and 6.6%, respectively. The reoperation rate of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years was 2.4%, 3.3%, 5.4%, and 6.6%, respectively. The reoperation rate of photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years was 3.3%, 4.1%, 6.7%, and 7.1%, respectively. The reoperation rate of surgery with AquaBeam® at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years was 2.6%, 3.1%, 3.0%, and 4.1%, respectively. The reoperation rate of prostatic artery embolization (PAE) at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years was 12.2%, 20.0%, 26.4%, and 23.8%, respectively. The reoperation rate of transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT) at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years was 9.9%, 19.9%, 23.3%, and 31.2%, respectively. The reoperation rate of transurethral incision of the prostate (TUIP) at 5 years was 13.4%. The reoperation rate of open prostatectomy (OP) at 1 and 5 years was 1.3% and 4.4%, respectively. The reoperation rate of thulium laser enucleation of the prostate (ThuLEP) at 1, 2, and 5 years was 3.7%, 7.7%, and 8.4%, respectively.

Conclusion

Our results summarized the reoperation rates of 10 surgical procedures over follow-up durations of 1, 2, 3, and 5 years, which could provide reference for urologists and LUTS patients.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier CRD42023445780.

Safety, efficacy and functional outcomes of photoselective vaporisation of the prostate: A single-centre experience

Objective:

The objective of this study was to report the safety, efficacy and functional outcomes following photoselective vaporisation of prostate (PVP) with GreenLight laser for benign prostatic enlargement (BPE).

Material and methods:

We retrospectively analysed men who underwent PVP from April 2011 to August 2019 for BPE. Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative details were retrieved from electronic data software. The perioperative and functional outcomes were analysed.

Results:

A total of 147 patients, with a mean age of 65.4 years, underwent PVP (51 patients – high performance system (HPS), 120 Watts; 96 patients – xcelerated performance system (XPS), 180 Watts). In 20 (13.6%) patients, antiplatelet or anticoagulant were continued in the perioperative period. The mean operative time, lasing time, catheterization time and hospital stay were 54.4 minutes, 38.0 minutes, 48.7 hours and 2.73 days, respectively. Postoperatively, all the functional outcomes IPSS (international prostate symptom score), QOL (quality of life), Qmax (maximum flow rate) and PVR (postvoid residue) were significantly improved from the baseline. The most common complication was dysuria (36.7%). There was no significant perioperative bleeding complications in high-risk men who were on antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy.

Conclusion:

PVP is a safe, efficacious and durable surgical option in BPE including patients on antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy.

Level of evidence:

Level 4

Functional outcomes and safety of GreenLight photovaporization of the prostate in the high-risk patient with lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic enlargement

AIMS

Photovaporization of the prostate (PVP) with GreenLight Laser is a surgical treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms. It is considered safe in elderly patients with comorbidities, however, the evidence is inconclusive. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety outcomes of PVP according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASAPS).

METHODS

A cohort of 675 patients who underwent PVP between 2012 and 2018 was evaluated. Patients were classified according to their ASAPS as low (I and II) and high risk (III and IV). Surgical characteristics and improvement of symptoms and Quality of Life (QoL) were evaluated.

RESULTS

The median age of high-risk group was higher than low-risk group. The high-risk group had more history of anticoagulation, antiaggregation, urinary catheterization, urinary retention and urethral stricture. Longer times of hospitalization (23.7 [interquartile range {IQR} = 18.9-41.35] vs 21.8 hours [IQR = 18.7-26.6], P = .008) and catheterization (19.55 [IQR = 15.6-35.57] vs 17.67 hours [IQR = 14.76-22.5], P = .004) were found in the high-risk group. Conversion and bleeding control were not different between groups. In the follow-up, improvement of International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS) and QoL was significant in all patients when compared before and after surgery scores (P < .001). There were no difference between groups for QoL, however, IPSS was lower for the low-risk group (8 [IQR = 4-14.5] vs 5 [2-12], P = .001).

CONCLUSION

PVP with GreenLight Laser is a safe and efficient procedure for all patients despite their comorbidities, with comparable middle-term outcomes which makes it a standard treatment for the entire aging population, improving their QoL.

Pure Bipolar Plasma Vaporization of the Prostate: Results from a Prospective 3D Ultrasound Volumetry Study with Clinical Outcome After 3 Years

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES

Bipolar plasma vaporization (BPV) has been shown to be a low-morbidity alternative to conventional transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Improved functional short-term outcome and a postoperative prostate volume reduction comparable to TURP have been reported. However, comprehensive mid- or long-term results following BPV are still lacking.

METHODS

A consecutive series of men who underwent pure BPV in a tertiary care academic center was prospectively investigated. Clinical parameters [International Prostate Symptom Score with Quality-of-Life domain, peak urinary flow rate (Qmax), postvoid residual volume, and prostate-specific antigen] as well as prostate volume (assessed by planimetric volumetry following transrectal 3D-ultrasound) were recorded preoperatively and regularly after BPV (after catheter removal, 6 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, and 3 years). Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. All p-values ≤0.05 were considered significant.

RESULTS

Seventy-five men were included in this prospective investigation. Their median (interquartile range) prostate volume was 41.0 mL (30.6-57.4 mL). In the first year after BPV, the prostate volume continuously decreased over time and the relative volume reduction was 52.2% after 12 months. Subsequently, the volume reduction remained stable with 50.7% after 3 years. All investigated outcome parameters improved significantly after the procedure and remained so after 3 years. Reoperations due to persistent or regrown adenoma were not necessary. Six (8.0%) and five patients (6.6%) developed a de novo urethral stricture or bladder neck contracture, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Three years after pure BPV of the prostate, a durable prostate volume reduction in combination with a stable improvement of functional outcome parameters was detectable in our prospective study. The low morbidity of the procedure and the possibility to perform BPV under ongoing platelet aggregation inhibition confirms its role as minimally invasive alternative to conventional TURP.

[Consequences of prostatic obstruction on bladder function, impact of removal, and management of recurrence after surgery]

OBJECTIVE

Our objective was to evaluate bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) consequences on the detrusor activity, to analyze the impact of medical and surgical treatments, and to study the reasons for recurrence of urinary symptoms after surgical treatment.

METHOD

A non-systematic review of the scientific literature was conducted from the PubMed database to retrieve the most relevant scientific publications between 2000 and July 2018 with the keywords: BPH, bladder obstruction, bladder instability, surgery, and reoperation. A first research was crossed with the results of the reviews of literature already published and was enriched by the contributions of the various authors. A synthesis has been proposed.

RESULTS

The consequences of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) on the detrusor may be detrusor overactivity (DOA) or detrusor hypocontractility. DOA is found in about 50% of patients at the time of their surgery and its evolution is most often favorable after surgical treatment (resolved or reduced in 2/3 of cases). Bladder hypocontractility is responsible for acute or chronic urinary retention. It can be the cause for poor postoperative micturition recovery requiring self-catheterization which the patient must have been informed before surgical treatment. Surgery reduces urinary symptoms with a low but significant surgical revision rate (10 to 30% depending on the surgical technique). The less efficient technique with regard to surgical revision rates are prostatic radiofrequency or cervico-prostatic incision, followed by laser vaporization techniques, TURP and adenomectomy (surgical or endoscopic). Adenomectomy is the surgical technique that has the lowest recurrence rate. The identified risk factors for surgical revision are the surgeon's experience, the power of the laser (in case of photovaporization), the surgical technique employed, the length of operative time, the low or excessive volume of the prostate, the significant pre-operative post-void residual volume, and the slight decrease of postoperative PSA level. Prior to any surgical revision for recurrence of urinary symptoms, the assessment should include the review of previous surgical report, the evaluation of the resected prostatic volume and the residual prostatic volume, the IPSS score, the calendar of micturition, the urethrocystoscopy and the urodynamic assessment.

CONCLUSION

BOO can lead to bladder dysfunction such as DOA or detrusor hypocontractility. Resolution of BOO by a suitable surgical treatment allows, in the majority of the cases, to resolve bladder dysfunctioning. In case of failure, the assessment must be complete to define the causes and to find the most suitable solution.

Management of greenlight laser plus transurethral resection of prostate for elderly men

The study is aiming to evaluate the treatment safety and efficacy of greenlight laser photovaporization of the prostate (PVP) combined with transurethral electrovaporization resection (TUVP) for elderly (≥ 70 years) men with lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH/LUTS) with a large prostate volume (≥ 80 mL). One hundred twelve BPH/LUTS patients treated with PVP were divided into 2 groups according to prostate volume (PV), the outcomes of the 2 groups were assessed at 12 months after the operation. Patients in the PV ≥ 80 group (n = 51) had a higher level of maximum detrusor pressure (Pdet.max) than those in the PV < 80 group (n = 61) (97.14  ±  36.68 vs 70.70 ± 32.55, P < .001). Pdet.max level of the 2 groups was significantly decreased at the end of follow-up. International Prostate Symptom Score questionnaires (IPSS) score, maximum flow rate (Qmax), and residual urine volume (PVR) were significantly improved in comparison to the preoperative status (P < .001). PVP combined with TUVP can significantly improve outcomes (IPSS, Qmax, PVR) and is a safe and effective technique for elderly BPH/LUTS patients with a large prostate volume.