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Hiratsuka T, Ito S, Sakai R, Yokose T, Endo T, Daigo Y, Miyagi Y, Tsuruyama T. Proteome analysis of CD5-positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma FFPE tissue reveals downregulation of DDX3X, DNAJB1, and B cell receptor signaling pathway proteins including BTK and Immunoglobulins. Clin Proteomics 2023; 20:36. [PMID: 37705009 PMCID: PMC10498596 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-023-09422-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular pathology of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has been extensively studied. Among DLBCL subtypes, the prognosis of CD5-positive DLBCL is worse than that of CD5-negative DLBCL, considering the central nervous system relapse and poor response to R-CHOP therapy. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the tumorigenesis and progression of CD5-positive DLBCL remain unknown. METHODS To identify molecular markers that can be targeted for treating DLBCL, a proteomic study was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with chemically pretreated formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens from CD5-positive (n = 5) and CD5-negative DLBCL patients (n = 6). RESULTS Twenty-one proteins showed significant downregulation in CD5-positive DLBCL compared to CD5-negative DLBCL. Principal component analysis of protein expression profiling in CD5-positive and CD5-negative DLBCL revealed that DNAJB1, DDX3X, and BTK, which is one of the B cell phenotypic proteins, were the most significantly downregulated proteins and served as biomarkers that distinguished both groups. Additionally, a set of immunoglobulins, including IgG4, exhibited significant downregulation. Immunohistochemistry analysis for BTK demonstrated reduced staining in CD5-positive DLBCL compared to CD5-negative DLBCL. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, DNAJB1 and DDX3X, BTK, and a set of immunoglobulins are promising biomarkers. Probably, the suppression of BCR signaling is the unique phenotype of CD5-positive DLBCL. This formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE)-based profiling may help to develop novel therapeutic molecularly targeted drugs for treating DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Hiratsuka
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Pathology Division, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Shinji Ito
- Medical Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rika Sakai
- Department of Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokose
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Endo
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yataro Daigo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, and Center for Advanced Medicine Against Cancer, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
- Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Miyagi
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Tsuruyama
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Pathology Division, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
- Tazuke-Kofukai Medical Institute Kitano Hospital, Ogimachi, Osaka, Japan.
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Cao P, Yang M, Chang C, Wu H, Lu Q. Germinal Center-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Antibody-Mediated Autoimmune Skin Diseases: from Basic Research to Clinical Trials. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2022; 63:357-370. [PMID: 35674978 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-022-08936-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Germinal center (GC) reaction greatly contributes to the humoral immune response, which begins in lymph nodes or other secondary lymphoid organs after follicular B cells are activated by T-dependent antigens. The GCs then serve as a platform for follicular B cells to complete clonal expansion and somatic hypermutation and then interact with follicular dendritic cells (FDC) and follicular helper T cells (Tfh). Through the interaction between the immune cells, significant processes of the humoral immune response are accomplished, such as antibody affinity maturation, class switching, and production of memory B cells and plasma cells. Cell positioning during the GC reaction is mainly mediated by the chemokine receptors and lipid receptors, which both belong to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) family. There are some orphan GPCRs whose endogenous ligands are unclear yet contribute to the regulation of GC reaction as well. This review will give an introduction on the ligands and functions of two types of GC-relating GPCRs-chemokine receptors like CXCR4 and CXCR5, as well as emerging de-orphanized GPCRs like GPR183, GPR174, and P2RY8. The roles these GPCRs play in several antibody-mediated autoimmune skin diseases will be also discussed, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), pemphigus, scleroderma, and dermatomyositis. Besides, GPCRs are excellent drug targets due to the unique structure and vital functions. Therefore, this review is aimed at providing readers with a focused knowledge about the role that GPCRs play in GC reaction, as well as in provoking the development of GPCR-targeting agents for immune-mediated diseases besides autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Christopher Chang
- Division of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, FL, 33021, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Haijing Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 12 Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing, 210042, China. .,Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research On Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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3
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Marion MC, Ramos PS, Bachali P, Labonte AC, Zimmerman KD, Ainsworth HC, Heuer SE, Robl RD, Catalina MD, Kelly JA, Howard TD, Lipsky PE, Grammer AC, Langefeld CD. Nucleic Acid-Sensing and Interferon-Inducible Pathways Show Differential Methylation in MZ Twins Discordant for Lupus and Overexpression in Independent Lupus Samples: Implications for Pathogenic Mechanism and Drug Targeting. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121898. [PMID: 34946847 PMCID: PMC8701117 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, multisystem, autoimmune inflammatory disease with genomic and non-genomic contributions to risk. We hypothesize that epigenetic factors are a significant contributor to SLE risk and may be informative for identifying pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic targets. To test this hypothesis while controlling for genetic background, we performed an epigenome-wide analysis of DNA methylation in genomic DNA from whole blood in three pairs of female monozygotic (MZ) twins of European ancestry, discordant for SLE. Results were replicated on the same array in four cell types from a set of four Danish female MZ twin pairs discordant for SLE. Genes implicated by the epigenetic analyses were then evaluated in 10 independent SLE gene expression datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). There were 59 differentially methylated loci between unaffected and affected MZ twins in whole blood, including 11 novel loci. All but two of these loci were hypomethylated in the SLE twins relative to the unaffected twins. The genes harboring these hypomethylated loci exhibited increased expression in multiple independent datasets of SLE patients. This pattern was largely consistent regardless of disease activity, cell type, or renal tissue type. The genes proximal to CpGs exhibiting differential methylation (DM) in the SLE-discordant MZ twins and exhibiting differential expression (DE) in independent SLE GEO cohorts (DM-DE genes) clustered into two pathways: the nucleic acid-sensing pathway and the type I interferon pathway. The DM-DE genes were also informatically queried for potential gene–drug interactions, yielding a list of 41 drugs including a known SLE therapy. The DM-DE genes delineate two important biologic pathways that are not only reflective of the heterogeneity of SLE but may also correlate with distinct IFN responses that depend on the source, type, and location of nucleic acid molecules and the activated receptors in individual patients. Cell- and tissue-specific analyses will be critical to the understanding of genetic factors dysregulating the nucleic acid-sensing and IFN pathways and whether these factors could be appropriate targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda C. Marion
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (M.C.M.); (H.C.A.)
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
| | - Paula S. Ramos
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Prathyusha Bachali
- AMPEL BioSolutions, LLC and RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, VA 22902, USA; (P.B.); (A.C.L.); (S.E.H.); (R.D.R.); (M.D.C.); (P.E.L.); (A.C.G.)
| | - Adam C. Labonte
- AMPEL BioSolutions, LLC and RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, VA 22902, USA; (P.B.); (A.C.L.); (S.E.H.); (R.D.R.); (M.D.C.); (P.E.L.); (A.C.G.)
| | - Kip D. Zimmerman
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
| | - Hannah C. Ainsworth
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (M.C.M.); (H.C.A.)
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
| | - Sarah E. Heuer
- AMPEL BioSolutions, LLC and RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, VA 22902, USA; (P.B.); (A.C.L.); (S.E.H.); (R.D.R.); (M.D.C.); (P.E.L.); (A.C.G.)
- The Jackson Laboratory, Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Robert D. Robl
- AMPEL BioSolutions, LLC and RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, VA 22902, USA; (P.B.); (A.C.L.); (S.E.H.); (R.D.R.); (M.D.C.); (P.E.L.); (A.C.G.)
| | - Michelle D. Catalina
- AMPEL BioSolutions, LLC and RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, VA 22902, USA; (P.B.); (A.C.L.); (S.E.H.); (R.D.R.); (M.D.C.); (P.E.L.); (A.C.G.)
| | - Jennifer A. Kelly
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Timothy D. Howard
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
| | - Peter E. Lipsky
- AMPEL BioSolutions, LLC and RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, VA 22902, USA; (P.B.); (A.C.L.); (S.E.H.); (R.D.R.); (M.D.C.); (P.E.L.); (A.C.G.)
| | - Amrie C. Grammer
- AMPEL BioSolutions, LLC and RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, VA 22902, USA; (P.B.); (A.C.L.); (S.E.H.); (R.D.R.); (M.D.C.); (P.E.L.); (A.C.G.)
| | - Carl D. Langefeld
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (M.C.M.); (H.C.A.)
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Sun H, Yang HQ, Zhai K, Tong ZH. Signatures of B Cell Receptor Repertoire Following Pneumocystis Infection. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:636250. [PMID: 34135870 PMCID: PMC8202503 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.636250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells play vital roles in host defense against Pneumocystis infection. However, the features of the B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire in disease progression remain unclear. Here, we integrated single-cell RNA sequencing and single-cell BCR sequencing of immune cells from mouse lungs in an uninfected state and 1–4 weeks post-infection in order to illustrate the dynamic nature of B cell responses during Pneumocystis infection. We identified continuously increased plasma cells and an elevated ratio of (IgA + IgG) to (IgD + IgM) after infection. Moreover, Pneumocystis infection was associated with an increasing naïve B subset characterized by elevated expression of the transcription factor ATF3. The proportion of clonal expanded cells progressively increased, while BCR diversity decreased. Plasma cells exhibited higher levels of somatic hypermutation than naïve B cells. Biased usage of V(D)J genes was observed, and the usage frequency of IGHV9-3 rose. Overall, these results present a detailed atlas of B cell transcriptional changes and BCR repertoire features in the context of Pneumocystis infection, which provides valuable information for finding diagnostic biomarkers and developing potential immunotherapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hu-Qin Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kan Zhai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Tong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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5
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Kim HR, Park JS, Karabulut H, Yasmin F, Jun CD. Transgelin-2: A Double-Edged Sword in Immunity and Cancer Metastasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:606149. [PMID: 33898417 PMCID: PMC8060441 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.606149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgelin-2, a small actin-binding protein, is the only transgelin family member expressed in immune cells. In T and B lymphocytes, transgelin-2 is constitutively expressed, but in antigen-presenting cells, it is significantly upregulated upon lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Transgelin-2 acts as a molecular staple to stabilize the actin cytoskeleton, and it competes with cofilin to bind filamentous (F)-actin. This action may enable immune synapse stabilization during T-cell interaction with cognate antigen-presenting cells. Furthermore, transgelin-2 blocks Arp2/3 complex-nucleated actin branching, which is presumably related to small filopodia formation, enhanced phagocytic function, and antigen presentation. Overall, transgelin-2 is an essential part of the molecular armament required for host defense against neoplasms and infectious diseases. However, transgelin-2 acts as a double-edged sword, as its expression is also essential for a wide range of tumor development, including drug resistance and metastasis. Thus, targeting transgelin-2 can also have a therapeutic advantage for cancer treatment; selectively suppressing transgelin-2 expression may prevent multidrug resistance in cancer chemotherapy. Here, we review newly discovered molecular characteristics of transgelin-2 and discuss clinical applications for cancer and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Ran Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea.,Immune Synapse and Cell Therapy Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Su Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea.,Immune Synapse and Cell Therapy Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hatice Karabulut
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea.,Immune Synapse and Cell Therapy Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Fatima Yasmin
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea.,Immune Synapse and Cell Therapy Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Chang-Duk Jun
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea.,Immune Synapse and Cell Therapy Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea
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6
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Stewart A, Ng JCF, Wallis G, Tsioligka V, Fraternali F, Dunn-Walters DK. Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analyses Define Distinct Peripheral B Cell Subsets and Discrete Development Pathways. Front Immunol 2021; 12:602539. [PMID: 33815362 PMCID: PMC8012727 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.602539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Separation of B cells into different subsets has been useful to understand their different functions in various immune scenarios. In some instances, the subsets defined by phenotypic FACS separation are relatively homogeneous and so establishing the functions associated with them is straightforward. Other subsets, such as the “Double negative” (DN, CD19+CD27-IgD-) population, are more complex with reports of differing functionality which could indicate a heterogeneous population. Recent advances in single-cell techniques enable an alternative route to characterize cells based on their transcriptome. To maximize immunological insight, we need to match prior data from phenotype-based studies with the finer granularity of the single-cell transcriptomic signatures. We also need to be able to define meaningful B cell subsets from single cell analyses performed on PBMCs, where the relative paucity of a B cell signature means that defining B cell subsets within the whole is challenging. Here we provide a reference single-cell dataset based on phenotypically sorted B cells and an unbiased procedure to better classify functional B cell subsets in the peripheral blood, particularly useful in establishing a baseline cellular landscape and in extracting significant changes with respect to this baseline from single-cell datasets. We find 10 different clusters of B cells and applied a novel, geometry-inspired, method to RNA velocity estimates in order to evaluate the dynamic transitions between B cell clusters. This indicated the presence of two main developmental branches of memory B cells. A T-independent branch that involves IgM memory cells and two DN subpopulations, culminating in a population thought to be associated with Age related B cells and the extrafollicular response. The other, T-dependent, branch involves a third DN cluster which appears to be a precursor of classical memory cells. In addition, we identify a novel DN4 population, which is IgE rich and closely linked to the classical/precursor memory branch suggesting an IgE specific T-dependent cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Stewart
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Chi-Fung Ng
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian Wallis
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Vasiliki Tsioligka
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Franca Fraternali
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Yin LM, Schnoor M, Jun CD. Structural Characteristics, Binding Partners and Related Diseases of the Calponin Homology (CH) Domain. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:342. [PMID: 32478077 PMCID: PMC7240100 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The calponin homology (CH) domain is one of the most common modules in various actin-binding proteins and is characterized by an α-helical fold. The CH domain plays important regulatory roles in both cytoskeletal dynamics and signaling. The CH domain is required for stability and organization of the actin cytoskeleton, calcium mobilization and activation of downstream pathways. The CH domain has recently garnered increased attention due to its importance in the onset of different diseases, such as cancers and asthma. However, many roles of the CH domain in various protein functions and corresponding diseases are still unclear. Here, we review current knowledge about the structural features, interactome and related diseases of the CH domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Miao Yin
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Michael Schnoor
- Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Investigation and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Chang-Duk Jun
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
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Yin LM, Ulloa L, Yang YQ. Transgelin-2: Biochemical and Clinical Implications in Cancer and Asthma. Trends Biochem Sci 2019; 44:885-896. [PMID: 31256982 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Transgelin-2 has been regarded as an actin-binding protein that induces actin gelation and regulates actin cytoskeleton. However, transgelin-2 has recently been shown to relax the myosin cytoskeleton of the airway smooth muscle cells by acting as a receptor for extracellular metallothionein-2. From a clinical perspective, these results support transgelin-2 as a promising therapeutic target for diseases such as cancer and asthma. The inhibition of transgelin-2 prevents actin gelation and thereby cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Conversely, the activation of transgelin-2 with specific agonists relaxes airway smooth muscles and reduces pulmonary resistance in asthma. Here, we review new studies on the biochemical properties of transgelin-2 and discuss their clinical implications for the treatment of immune, oncogenic, and respiratory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Miao Yin
- Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Luis Ulloa
- International Laboratory of Neuro-Immunomodulation, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China; Center of Immunology and Inflammation, Dept. of Surgery. Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07101, USA.
| | - Yong-Qing Yang
- Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.
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9
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Jo S, Kim HR, Mun Y, Jun CD. Transgelin-2 in immunity: Its implication in cell therapy. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:903-910. [PMID: 29749649 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.mr1117-470r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgelin-2 is a small 22-kDa actin-binding protein implicated in actin dynamics, which stabilizes actin structures and participates in actin-associated signaling pathways. Much curiosity regarding transgelin-2 has centered around its dysregulation in tumor development and associated diseases. However, recent studies have shed new light on the functions of transgelin-2, the only transgelin family member present in leukocytes, in the context of various immune responses. In this review, we outlined the biochemical properties of transgelin-2 and its physiological functions in T cells, B cells, and macrophages. Transgelin-2 regulates T cell activation by stabilizing the actin cytoskeleton at the immunological synapse. Transgelin-2 in B cells also participates in the stabilization of T cell-B cell conjugates. While transgelin-2 is expressed at trace levels in macrophages, its expression is highly upregulated upon lipopolysaccharide stimulation and plays an essential role in macrophage phagocytosis. Since transgelin-2 increases T cell adhesion to target cells via boosting the "inside-out" costimulatory activation of leukocyte function-associated antigen 1, transgelin-2 could be a suitable candidate to potentiate the antitumor response of cytotoxic T cells by compensating for the lack of costimulation in tumor microenvironment. We discussed the feasibility of using native or engineered transgelin-2 as a synergistic molecule in cell-based immunotherapies, without inducing off-target disturbance in actin dynamics in other cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suin Jo
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea.,Immune Synapse and Cell Therapy Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hye-Ran Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea.,Immune Synapse and Cell Therapy Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - YeVin Mun
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea.,Immune Synapse and Cell Therapy Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Chang-Duk Jun
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea.,Immune Synapse and Cell Therapy Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
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