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Paslawski R, Kowalczyk P, Paslawska U, Wiśniewski J, Dzięgiel P, Janiszewski A, Kiczak L, Zacharski M, Gawdzik B, Kramkowski K, Szuba A. Analysis of the Model of Atherosclerosis Formation in Pig Hearts as a Result of Impaired Activity of DNA Repair Enzymes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2282. [PMID: 38396961 PMCID: PMC10888614 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive consumption of food rich in saturated fatty acids and carbohydrates can lead to metabolic disturbances and cardiovascular disease. Hyperlipidemia is a significant risk factor for acute cardiac events due to its association with oxidative stress. This leads to arterial wall remodeling, including an increase in the thickness of the intima media complex (IMT), and endothelial dysfunction leading to plaque formation. The decreased nitric oxide synthesis and accumulation of lipids in the wall result in a reduction in the vasodilating potential of the vessel. This study aimed to establish a clear relationship between markers of endothelial dysfunction and the activity of repair enzymes in cardiac tissue from a pig model of early atherosclerosis. The study was conducted on 28 female Polish Landrace pigs, weighing 40 kg (approximately 3.5 months old), which were divided into three groups. The control group (n = 11) was fed a standard, commercial, balanced diet (BDG) for 12 months. The second group (n = 9) was fed an unbalanced, high-calorie Western-type diet (UDG). The third group (n = 8) was fed a Western-type diet for nine months and then switched to a standard, balanced diet (regression group, RG). Control examinations, including blood and urine sampling, were conducted every three months under identical conditions with food restriction for 12 h and water restriction for four hours before general anesthesia. The study analyzed markers of oxidative stress formed during lipid peroxidation processes, including etheno DNA adducts, ADMA, and NEFA. These markers play a crucial role in reactive oxygen species analysis in ischemia-reperfusion and atherosclerosis in mammalian tissue. Essential genes involved in oxidative-stress-induced DNA demethylation like OGG1 (8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase), MPG (N-Methylpurine DNA Glycosylase), TDG (Thymine-DNA glycosylase), APEX (apurinic/apirymidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1), PTGS2 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2), and ALOX (Arachidonate Lipoxygenase) were measured using the Real-Time RT-PCR method. The data suggest that high oxidative stress, as indicated by TBARS levels, is associated with high levels of DNA repair enzymes and depends on the expression of genes involved in the repair pathway. In all analyzed groups of heart tissue homogenates, the highest enzyme activity and gene expression values were observed for the OGG1 protein recognizing the modified 8oxoG. Conclusion: With the long-term use of an unbalanced diet, the levels of all DNA repair genes are increased, especially (significantly) Apex, Alox, and Ptgs, which strongly supports the hypothesis that an unbalanced diet induces oxidative stress that deregulates DNA repair mechanisms and may contribute to genome instability and tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Paslawski
- Veterinary Insitute, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
- WROVASC—Regional Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, Research and Development Centre, Kamieńskiego 73a, 51-124 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.D.); (A.J.); (L.K.); (M.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Paweł Kowalczyk
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Urszula Paslawska
- Veterinary Insitute, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
- WROVASC—Regional Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, Research and Development Centre, Kamieńskiego 73a, 51-124 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.D.); (A.J.); (L.K.); (M.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Jerzy Wiśniewski
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 10, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- WROVASC—Regional Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, Research and Development Centre, Kamieńskiego 73a, 51-124 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.D.); (A.J.); (L.K.); (M.Z.); (A.S.)
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 6a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adrian Janiszewski
- WROVASC—Regional Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, Research and Development Centre, Kamieńskiego 73a, 51-124 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.D.); (A.J.); (L.K.); (M.Z.); (A.S.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Life Science Institute, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Liliana Kiczak
- WROVASC—Regional Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, Research and Development Centre, Kamieńskiego 73a, 51-124 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.D.); (A.J.); (L.K.); (M.Z.); (A.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 31 Norwida St., 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Zacharski
- WROVASC—Regional Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, Research and Development Centre, Kamieńskiego 73a, 51-124 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.D.); (A.J.); (L.K.); (M.Z.); (A.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 31 Norwida St., 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Gawdzik
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University, Świętokrzyska 15 G, 25-406 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Karol Kramkowski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilińskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Szuba
- WROVASC—Regional Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, Research and Development Centre, Kamieńskiego 73a, 51-124 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.D.); (A.J.); (L.K.); (M.Z.); (A.S.)
- Division of Angiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteur 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
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Untargeted Metabolomics Pilot Study Using UHPLC-qTOF MS Profile in Sows' Urine Reveals Metabolites of Bladder Inflammation. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121186. [PMID: 36557224 PMCID: PMC9784506 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTI) of sows (characterized by ascending infections of the urinary bladder (cyst), ureters, and renal pelvis), are major health issues with a significant economic impact to the swine industry. The current detection of UTI incidents lacks sensitivity; thus, UTIs remain largely under-diagnosed. The value of metabolomics in unraveling the mechanisms of sow UTI has not yet been established. This study aims to investigate the urine metabolome of sows for UTI biomarkers. Urine samples were collected from 58 culled sows from a farrow-to-finish herd in Greece. Urine metabolomic profiles in 31 healthy controls and in 27 inflammatory ones were evaluated. UHPLC-qTOF MS/MS was applied for the analysis with a combination of multivariate and univariate statistical analysis. Eighteen potential markers were found. The changes in several urine metabolites classes (nucleosides, indoles, isoflavones, and dipeptides), as well as amino-acids allowed for an adequate discrimination between the study groups. Identified metabolites were involved in purine metabolism; phenylalanine; tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis; and phenylalanine metabolism. Through ROC analysis it was shown that the 18 identified metabolite biomarkers exhibited good predictive accuracy. In summary, our study provided new information on the potential targets for predicting early and accurate diagnosis of UTI. Further, this information also sheds light on how it could be applied in live animals.
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Impact of dietary Chlorella vulgaris and feed enzymes on health status, immune response and liver metabolites in weaned piglets. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16816. [PMID: 36207385 PMCID: PMC9546893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21238-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we analysed the impact of dietary inclusion of Chlorella vulgaris and carbohydrases on general health, redox status, immune response, liver lipids and metabolites in weaned piglets. Forty-four male piglets were allocated into four diets: control (n = 11), CH (control diet with 5% CH, n = 10), CH+R (control diet with 5% CH plus 0.005% Rovabio Excel AP, n = 10), and CH+M (control diet with 5% CH plus 0.01% of a pre-selected four-CAZyme mixture, n = 11). After 15 days of trial, animals were slaughtered and samples of blood and liver collected. Spectrophotometry methods and commercial kits were used to determine blood parameters and gas and liquid chromatography for hepatic fatty acid and chlorophylls profiles, respectively. While total, LDL- and VLDL-cholesterol were increased by CH, the opposite was recorded for HDL-cholesterol (p < 0.001). Piglets fed CH-based diets presented an increase of IgG and a decrease of IgM (p < 0.001) which along with lymphocytes exacerbation contributed for piglets' survival after weaning. n-6 PUFA were reduced in piglets fed CH and the opposite occurred for n-3 PUFA (p < 0.001), thus benefiting n-6/n-3 ratio in the liver. Chlorophylls amount was not changed by the use of Rovabio or enzymatic mixture. The discriminant analysis applied to hepatic parameters revealed a clear separation between control and CH-based diets but failed to discriminate feed enzymes. Our findings indicate health promoting effects of CH as feed ingredient in piglets' nutrition at weaning, without negatively impacting on animals' performance.
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Dietary methionine source alters the lipidome in the small intestinal epithelium of pigs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4863. [PMID: 35318410 PMCID: PMC8941097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08933-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Methionine (Met) as an essential amino acid has key importance in a variety of metabolic pathways. This study investigated the influence of three dietary Met supplements (0.21% L-Met, 0.21% DL-Met and 0.31% DL-2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid (DL-HMTBA)) on the metabolome and inflammatory status in the small intestine of pigs. Epithelia from duodenum, proximal jejunum, middle jejunum and ileum were subjected to metabolomics analysis and qRT-PCR of caspase 1, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), interleukins IL1β, IL8, IL18, and transforming growth factor TGFβ. Principal component analysis of the intraepithelial metabolome revealed strong clustering of samples by intestinal segment but not by dietary treatment. However, pathway enrichment analysis revealed that after L-Met supplementation polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and tocopherol metabolites were lower across small intestinal segments, whereas monohydroxy fatty acids were increased in distal small intestine. Pigs supplemented with DL-HMTBA showed a pronounced shift of secondary bile acids (BA) and sphingosine metabolites from middle jejunum to ileum. In the amino acid super pathway, only histidine metabolism tended to be altered in DL-Met-supplemented pigs. Diet did not affect the expression of inflammation-related genes. These findings suggest that dietary supplementation of young pigs with different Met sources selectively alters lipid metabolism without consequences for inflammatory status.
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Effect of 6-Month Feeding with a Diet Enriched in EPA + DHA from Fish Meat on the Blood Metabolomic Profile of Dogs with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123360. [PMID: 34944135 PMCID: PMC8698023 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Animal nutrition plays an important role in the therapy of many diseases, including heart failure. The aim of the research was to assess whether 6 months of feeding diet enriched in unsaturated fatty acids (from fish meat) in dogs suffering from heart failure due to mitral degeneration impacts the dogs’ metabolic profile and clinical status. Twenty small breed dogs in early stages of heart failure were randomly divided into two groups. One group receiving a standard diet, the second one a diet enriched in fish meat. All dogs continued to receive appropriate cardiac therapy throughout the study. Control examinations were performed at the start of the study, after 3 and 6 months of appropriate feeding. The results showed no differences in clinical, cardiological, haematological and biochemical parameters between the two study groups. The metabolomic changes was more pronounced with time. After 6 months of feeding the diete enriched in fish meat, there was a favorable reduction in glycerophosphocholine and xanthine levels, but an adverse increase in lactate and furvan and a decrease in alanine was not stopped. Abstract Animal nutrition plays an important role in the therapy of many diseases, including heart failure. The aim was to assess whether 6 months of feeding an AEP + ADH enriched diet (from fish meat) in dogs suffering from heart failure due to mitral degeneration impacts the dogs’ metabolic profile and clinical status. Twenty small breed dogs were included: 50% were in stage B2 of MMVD and 50%, in stage C according to ACVIM. Dogs were randomly divided into two groups. One group receiving a standard diet, the second one a diet enriched with EPA + DHA (from fish meat). All dogs continued to receive appropriate therapy throughout the study. Control examinations were performed at the start of the study, after 3 and 6 months of appropriate feeding. Examinations included ECG, ECHO, blood hemathology and biochemistry, morphometric measurements, body fat index and subcutaneous fat tissue thickness. Serum samples were analyzed with a high-performance liquid chromatography system. Data were analyzed using the Progenesis QI (PQI, Non-linear Dynamics). The results showed no differences in clinical, cardiological, haematological and biochemical parameters between the two study groups. An effect on the metabolomic profile following a continued diet enriched in DHA + EPA (from fish meat) was more pronounced with time. After 6 months of feeding the diete enriched with DHA + EPA (from fish meat), there was a favorable reduction in glycerophosphocholine and xanthine levels, but an adverse increase in lactate and furvan and a decrease in alanine was not stopped.
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Ma S, Xia M, Gao X. Biomarker Discovery in Atherosclerotic Diseases Using Quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomics. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:681444. [PMID: 34395555 PMCID: PMC8356911 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.681444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite great progress in the management of atherosclerosis (AS), its subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. This is probably due to insufficient risk detection using routine lipid testing; thus, there is a need for more effective approaches relying on new biomarkers. Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) metabolomics is able to phenotype holistic metabolic changes, with a unique advantage in regard to quantifying lipid-protein complexes. The rapidly increasing literature has indicated that qNMR-based lipoprotein particle number, particle size, lipid components, and some molecular metabolites can provide deeper insight into atherogenic diseases and could serve as novel promising determinants. Therefore, this article aims to offer an updated review of the qNMR biomarkers of AS and CVD found in epidemiological studies, with a special emphasis on lipoprotein-related parameters. As more researches are performed, we can envision more qNMR metabolite biomarkers being successfully translated into daily clinical practice to enhance the prevention, detection and intervention of atherosclerotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingfeng Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
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Amin AM. The metabolic signatures of cardiometabolic diseases: Does the shared metabotype offer new therapeutic targets? LIFESTYLE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/lim2.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arwa M. Amin
- Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy College of Pharmacy Taibah University Medina Saudi Arabia
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Comparison of Osmotic Resistance, Shape and Transmembrane Potential of Erythrocytes Collected from Healthy and Fed with High Fat-Carbohydrates Diet (HF-CD) Pigs-Protective Effect of Cistus incanus L. Extracts. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14041050. [PMID: 33672388 PMCID: PMC7927095 DOI: 10.3390/ma14041050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Long-term high fat-carbohydrates diet (HF-CD) contributes to the formation of irreversible changes in the organism that lead to the emergence of civilization diseases. In this study, the impact of three-month high-fat diet on the physical properties of erythrocytes (RBCs) was studied. Furthermore, the biological activity of Cistus incanus L. extracts, plant known with high pro-health potential, in relation to normal and HF-CD RBCs, was determined. Obtained results have shown that, applied HF-CD modified shape, membrane potential and osmotic resistance of erythrocytes causing changes in membrane lipid composition and the distribution of lipids. The impact of HF-CD on physical properties of RBCs along with atherosclerotic lesions of the artery was visible, despite the lack of statistically significant changes in blood morphology and plasma lipid profile. This suggests that erythrocytes may be good markers of obesity-related diseases. The studies of biological activity of Cistus incanus L. extracts have demonstrated that they may ameliorate the effect of HF-CD on erythrocytes through the membrane-modifying and antioxidant activity.
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Deng L, Fu D, Zhu L, Huang J, Ling Y, Cai Z. Testosterone deficiency accelerates early stage atherosclerosis in miniature pigs fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet: urine 1H NMR metabolomics targeted analysis. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:1245-1255. [PMID: 33226572 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03987-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
To gain insights into the role of testosterone in the development of atherosclerosis and its related metabolic pathways, we applied a proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR)-based metabolomics approach to investigate urine metabolic profiles in miniature pigs fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol (HFC) diet among intact male pigs (IM), castrated male pigs (CM) and castrated male pigs with testosterone replacement (CMT). Our results showed that testosterone deficiency significantly increased atherosclerotic lesion areas, intima-media thickness, as well as serum lipid levels in the CM pigs. Moreover, seventeen significantly changed metabolites were identified in both IM vs. CM and CMT vs. CM groups. Among these, seven were shared between the two comparative groups and were all significantly reduced in the urine of the CM group but rescued in the CMT group. In addition, the correlation analysis demonstrated that several metabolites, including niacinamide, myo-inositol, choline and 3-hydroxyisovalerate, were negatively correlated with atherosclerotic lesion areas. Our study demonstrated that testosterone deficiency accelerated early AS formation in HFC diet-fed pigs, which involved several metabolites predominantly related to lipid metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress and endothelial disorders. Our results reveal potential pathways in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis caused by testosterone deficiency and HFC diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Deng
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.,Institute of Comparative Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Danting Fu
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.,Department of Experimental Animals, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.,Institute of Comparative Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Junjie Huang
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.,Institute of Comparative Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yun Ling
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.,Institute of Comparative Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Zhaowei Cai
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China. .,Institute of Comparative Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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Drabińska N, Młynarz P, de Lacy Costello B, Jones P, Mielko K, Mielnik J, Persad R, Ratcliffe NM. An Optimization of Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Urinary Volatile and Semi-Volatile Compounds and Its Application for Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Molecules 2020; 25:E3651. [PMID: 32796601 PMCID: PMC7463579 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary volatile compounds (VCs) have been recently assessed for disease diagnoses. They belong to very diverse chemical classes, and they are characterized by different volatilities, polarities and concentrations, complicating their analysis via a single analytical procedure. There remains a need for better, lower-cost methods for VC biomarker discovery. Thus, there is a strong need for alternative methods, enabling the detection of a broader range of VCs. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to optimize a simple and reliable liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) procedure for the analysis of VCs in urine using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), in order to obtain the maximum number of responses. Extraction parameters such as pH, type of solvent and ionic strength were optimized. Moreover, the same extracts were analyzed using Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-NMR), to evaluate the applicability of a single urine extraction for multiplatform purposes. After the evaluation of experimental conditions, an LLE protocol using 2 mL of urine in the presence of 2 mL of 1 M sulfuric acid and sodium sulphate extracted with dichloromethane was found to be optimal. The optimized method was validated with the external standards and was found to be precise and linear, and allowed for detection of >400 peaks in a single run present in at least 50% of six samples-considerably more than the number of peaks detected by solid-phase microextracton fiber pre-concentration-GC-MS (328 ± 6 vs. 234 ± 4). 1H-NMR spectroscopy of the polar and non-polar extracts extended the range to >40 more (mainly low volatility compounds) metabolites (non-destructively), the majority of which were different from GC-MS. The more peaks detectable, the greater the opportunity of assessing a fingerprint of several compounds to aid biomarker discovery. In summary, we have successfully demonstrated the potential of LLE as a cheap and simple alternative for the analysis of VCs in urine, and for the first time the applicability of a single urine solvent extraction procedure for detecting a wide range of analytes using both GC-MS and 1H-NMR analysis to enhance putative biomarker detection. The proposed method will simplify the transport between laboratories and storage of samples, as compared to intact urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Drabińska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, 10 Tuwima Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
- Institute of Biosensor Technology, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Frenchay, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK;
| | - Piotr Młynarz
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeże Stanisława Wyspianskiego, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.M.); (K.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Ben de Lacy Costello
- Institute of Biosensor Technology, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Frenchay, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK;
| | | | - Karolina Mielko
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeże Stanisława Wyspianskiego, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.M.); (K.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Justyna Mielnik
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeże Stanisława Wyspianskiego, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.M.); (K.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Raj Persad
- Bristol Urological Institute, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5BN, UK;
| | - Norman Mark Ratcliffe
- Institute of Biosensor Technology, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Frenchay, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK;
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Human urine 1H NMR metabolomics reveals alterations of protein and carbohydrate metabolism when comparing habitual Average Danish diet vs. healthy New Nordic diet. Nutrition 2020; 79-80:110867. [PMID: 32619792 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the alteration of the human urine metabolome by means of diet and to compare the metabolic effects of the nutritionally healthy New Nordic Diet (NND) with an Average Danish Diet (ADD). The NND was designed a decade ago by scientists and chefs, based on local and sustainable foods, including fish, shellfish, vegetables, roots, fruit, and berries. The NND has been proven to lower blood pressure, reduce glycemia, and lead to weight loss. METHODS The human urine metabolome was measured by untargeted proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in samples from 142 centrally obese Danes (20-66 years old), randomized to consume the ADD or the NND. The resulting metabolomics data was processed and analyzed using advanced multivariate data analysis methods to reveal effects related to the design factors, including diet, season, sex, and changes in body weight. RESULTS Exploration of the nuclear magnetic resonance profiles revealed unique metabolite markers reflecting changes in protein and carbohydrate metabolism between the two diets. Glycine betaine, glucose, trimethylamine N-oxide and creatinine were increased in urine of the individuals following the NND compared with the ADD population, whereas relative concentrations of tartrate, dimethyl sulfone, and propylene glycol were decreased. Propylene glycol had a strong association with the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance in the NND group. The food intake biomarkers found in this study confirm the importance of these as tools for nutritional research. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study provided new insights into the effects of a healthy diet on glycemia, reduction of inflammation, and weight loss among obese individuals, and alteration of the gut microbiota metabolism.
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Chachaj A, Verny MA, Drożdż K, Pasławski R, Pasławska U, Janiszewski A, Wojakowska A, Karczewski M, Gomułkiewicz A, Fortunato I, Piotrowska A, Jabłońska K, Chmielewska M, Podhorska-Okołów M, Dzięgiel P, Janczak D, Mazur A, Szuba A. Effects of Long-Term High-Fat Diet and Its Reversal on Lipids and Lipoproteins Composition in Thoracic Duct Lymph in Pigs. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e917221. [PMID: 32302294 PMCID: PMC7191955 DOI: 10.12659/msm.917221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of a long-term high-fat diet on lipids and lipoproteins composition in thoracic duct lymph in pigs. Material/Methods We examined lymph taken from the thoracic duct from 24 female white sharp-ear pigs, divided into 3 experimental groups fed different diets for 12 months: (a) the control group, fed the standard balanced diet; (b) the HFD group, fed an unbalanced, high-fat diet, and (c) the reversal diet group (RD), fed an unbalanced, high-fat diet for 9 months and then a standard balanced diet for 3 months. Results Lymph analysis after 12 months of fixed diets revealed significantly higher concentration of proteins in the HFD group in comparison to the control and RD groups. Examination of lymph lipoproteins fractions showed that the high-fat diet in the HFD group in comparison to control group caused an increase in cholesterol, phospholipids, and proteins content within HDL and chylomicrons. There were also more proteins within HDL in the HFD group in comparison to the RD group and more triglycerides within chylomicrons in the HFD group in comparison to the control group. Conclusion A long-term high-fat diet resulted in changed structure of HDL and chylomicrons in the thoracic duct lymph. Alterations in HDL composition suggest that a high-fat diet enhances reverses cholesterol transport. Changes in chylomicrons structure show the adaptation to more intense transport of dietary fat from the intestine to the liver under the influence of a high-fat diet. Reversal to a standard balanced diet had the opposite effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Chachaj
- Department of Angiology, Hypertension and Diabetology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marie-Anne Verny
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Katarzyna Drożdż
- Department of Angiology, Hypertension and Diabetology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.,WROVASC - Regional Specialist Hospital in Wrocław, Research and Development Centre, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Robert Pasławski
- WROVASC - Regional Specialist Hospital in Wrocław, Research and Development Centre, Wrocław, Poland.,Veterinary Institute, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Urszula Pasławska
- WROVASC - Regional Specialist Hospital in Wrocław, Research and Development Centre, Wrocław, Poland.,Veterinary Institute, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic for Horses, Dogs and Cats, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Adrian Janiszewski
- WROVASC - Regional Specialist Hospital in Wrocław, Research and Development Centre, Wrocław, Poland.,Department of Internal Disease and Veterinary Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Wojakowska
- Department of Internal and Occupational Diseases and Hypertension, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maciej Karczewski
- Department of Mathematics, The Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gomułkiewicz
- WROVASC - Regional Specialist Hospital in Wrocław, Research and Development Centre, Wrocław, Poland.,Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Embryology and Morphology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Irmina Fortunato
- WROVASC - Regional Specialist Hospital in Wrocław, Research and Development Centre, Wrocław, Poland.,Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Embryology and Morphology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Piotrowska
- WROVASC - Regional Specialist Hospital in Wrocław, Research and Development Centre, Wrocław, Poland.,Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Embryology and Morphology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Karolina Jabłońska
- WROVASC - Regional Specialist Hospital in Wrocław, Research and Development Centre, Wrocław, Poland.,Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Embryology and Morphology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Magdalena Chmielewska
- WROVASC - Regional Specialist Hospital in Wrocław, Research and Development Centre, Wrocław, Poland.,Amphibian Biology Group, Department of Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Vertebrates, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marzenna Podhorska-Okołów
- WROVASC - Regional Specialist Hospital in Wrocław, Research and Development Centre, Wrocław, Poland.,Division of Ultrastructure Research, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- WROVASC - Regional Specialist Hospital in Wrocław, Research and Development Centre, Wrocław, Poland.,Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Embryology and Morphology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.,Department of Physiotherapy, Wrocław University School of Physical Education, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dariusz Janczak
- WROVASC - Regional Specialist Hospital in Wrocław, Research and Development Centre, Wrocław, Poland.,Department of Vascular, General and Transplantation Surgery, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mazur
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Andrzej Szuba
- Department of Angiology, Hypertension and Diabetology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.,WROVASC - Regional Specialist Hospital in Wrocław, Research and Development Centre, Wrocław, Poland
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Kirlikaya B, Langridge B, Davies A, Onida S. Metabolomics as a tool to improve decision making for the vascular surgeon – wishful thinking or a dream come true? Vascul Pharmacol 2019; 116:1-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14
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Xu Y, Han J, Dong J, Fan X, Cai Y, Li J, Wang T, Zhou J, Shang J. Metabolomics Characterizes the Effects and Mechanisms of Quercetin in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Development. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051220. [PMID: 30862046 PMCID: PMC6429195 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As metabolomics is widely used in the study of disease mechanisms, an increasing number of studies have found that metabolites play an important role in the occurrence of diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects and mechanisms of quercetin in high-fat-sucrose diet (HFD)-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development using nontargeted metabolomics. A rat model of NAFLD was established by feeding with an HFD for 30 and 50 days. The results indicated quercetin exhibited hepatoprotective activity in 30-day HFD-induced NAFLD rats by regulating fatty acid related metabolites (adrenic acid, etc.), inflammation-related metabolites (arachidonic acid, etc.), oxidative stress-related metabolites (2-hydroxybutyric acid) and other differential metabolites (citric acid, etc.). However, quercetin did not improve NAFLD in the 50-day HFD; perhaps quercetin was unable to reverse the inflammation induced by a long-term high-fat diet. These data indicate that dietary quercetin may be beneficial to NAFLD in early stages. Furthermore, combining metabolomics and experimental approaches opens avenues to study the effects and mechanisms of drugs for complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Jichun Han
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Jinjin Dong
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Xiangcheng Fan
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Cai
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Jing Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Jia Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Jing Shang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Xining 810008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China.
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