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Palmer MA, Benatzy Y, Brüne B. Murine Alox8 versus the human ALOX15B ortholog: differences and similarities. Pflugers Arch 2024:10.1007/s00424-024-02961-w. [PMID: 38637408 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02961-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Human arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase type B is a lipoxygenase that catalyzes the peroxidation of arachidonic acid at carbon-15. The corresponding murine ortholog however has 8-lipoxygenase activity. Both enzymes oxygenate polyunsaturated fatty acids in S-chirality with singular reaction specificity, although they generate a different product pattern. Furthermore, while both enzymes utilize both esterified fatty acids and fatty acid hydro(pero)xides as substrates, they differ with respect to the orientation of the fatty acid in their substrate-binding pocket. While ALOX15B accepts the fatty acid "tail-first," Alox8 oxygenates the free fatty acid with its "head-first." These differences in substrate orientation and thus in regio- and stereospecificity are thought to be determined by distinct amino acid residues. Towards their biological function, both enzymes share a commonality in regulating cholesterol homeostasis in macrophages, and Alox8 knockdown is associated with reduced atherosclerosis in mice. Additional roles have been linked to lung inflammation along with tumor suppressor activity. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the enzymatic activity of human ALOX15B and murine Alox8, along with their association with diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Palmer
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Yvonne Benatzy
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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2
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Ikeda T, Nakamura K, Kida T, Oku H. Possible roles of anti-type II collagen antibody and innate immunity in the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022; 260:387-403. [PMID: 34379187 PMCID: PMC8786754 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-021-05342-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of both diabetic retinopathy (DR) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has recently been considered to involve autoimmunity. Serum and synovial fluid levels of anti-type II collagen antibodies increase early after the onset of RA, thus inducing immune responses and subsequent hydrarthrosis and angiogenesis, which resemble diabetic macular edema and proliferative DR (PDR), respectively. We previously reported that DR is also associated with increased serum levels of anti-type II collagen antibodies. Retinal hypoxia in DR may induce pericytes to express type II collagen, resulting in autoantibody production against type II collagen. As the result of blood-retinal barrier disruption, anti-type II collagen antibodies in the serum come into contact with type II collagen around the retinal vessels. A continued loss of pericytes and type II collagen around the retinal vessels may result in a shift of the immune reaction site from the retina to the vitreous. It has been reported that anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages increased in the vitreous of PDR patients, accompanied by the activation of the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a key regulator of innate immunity. M2 macrophages promote angiogenesis and fibrosis, which might be exacerbated and prolonged by dysregulated innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsunehiko Ikeda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki City, Osaka, Japan.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Kaisei Hospital, 1-6-10 Miyahara Yodogawa-ku, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan.
| | | | - Teruyo Kida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Oku
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki City, Osaka, Japan
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Li Z, Liu Z, Lu H, Dai W, Chen J, He L. RvD1 Attenuated Susceptibility to Ischemic AKI in Diabetes by Downregulating Nuclear Factor-κ B Signal and Inhibiting Apoptosis. Front Physiol 2021; 12:651645. [PMID: 34326777 PMCID: PMC8315138 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.651645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute kidney injury (AKI), when occurring in diabetic kidney disease (DKD), is known to be more severe and difficult to recover from. Inflammation and apoptosis may contribute to the heightened sensitivity of, and non-recovery from, AKI in patients with DKD. Resolvin D1 (RvD1) is a potent lipid mediator which can inhibit the inflammatory response and apoptosis in many diseases. However, it has been reported that the RvD1 levels were decreased in diabetes, which may explain why DKD is more susceptible to AKI. Methods For animal experiments, diabetic nephropathy (DN) mice were induced by streptozotocin (STZ) injection intraperitoneally. Renal ischemia–reperfusion was used to induce AKI. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine were determined using commercial kits to indicate renal function. Renal apoptosis was examined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the marker of inflammatory response. Western blot was used to detect the expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-related proteins. For clinical study, 12 cases diagnosed with DKD were enrolled in this study, and an equal number of non-diabetic renal disease patients (NDKD) were recruited as a control group. The serum RvD1 in DKD or NDKD patients were detected through an ELISA kit. Results In clinical study, we found that the serum RvD1 levels were decreased in DKD patients compared to those in NDKD patients. Decreased serum RvD1 levels were responsible for the susceptibility to ischemic AKI in DKD patients. In animal experiments, both the serum RvD1 and renal ALX levels were downregulated. RvD1 treatment could ameliorate renal function and histological damage after ischemic injury in DN mice. RvD1 treatment also could inhibit the inflammatory response. Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (BOC-2) treatment could deteriorate renal function and histological damage after ischemic injury in non-diabetic mice. RvD1 could inhibit the NF-κB activation and suppress inflammatory response mainly by inhibiting NF-κB signaling. Conclusion RvD1 attenuated susceptibility to ischemic AKI in diabetes by downregulating NF-κB signaling and inhibiting apoptosis. Downregulated serum RvD1 levels could be the crucial factor for susceptibility to ischemic AKI in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hengcheng Lu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenni Dai
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junxiang Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liyu He
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Plasma Resolvin D2 to Leukotriene B 4 Ratio Is Reduced in Diabetic Patients with Ischemic Stroke and Related to Prognosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6657646. [PMID: 33728336 PMCID: PMC7935571 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6657646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) aggravates symptoms and prognosis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), and inflammation plays an important role therein. Resolvin D2 (RvD2) is one of the specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), while leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a classic proinflammatory mediator. The ratio of RvD2 to LTB4 is an index of pro-resolving/proinflammatory balance. We aim to explore the role of RvD2/LTB4 ratio in ischemic stroke complicated with DM. Methods The plasma levels of RvD2 and LTB4 were analyzed by enzyme immunoassay in stroke patients with DM (DM + AIS group) or without DM (nonDM+AIS group). Patients were followed up at 90 days after stroke onset, and modified Rankin Score (mRS) was assessed. The association of RvD2/LTB4 ratio with stroke severity and prognosis was also analyzed. Results The plasma levels of RvD2 were positively correlated to LTB4. The RvD2/LTB4 ratio in DM + AIS group was lower than that in the nonDM+AIS group. No correlation was found between the RvD2/LTB4 ratio and infarct size or NIHSS score. The RvD2/LTB4 ratio at baseline was significantly lower in the poor prognosis group (mRS ≥ 3) than that in the good prognosis group (mRS ≤ 2). Conclusions Our study indicated that the balance between pro-resolving and proinflammatory mediators was impaired by diabetes in ischemic stroke. The RvD2/LTB4 ratio may serve as a biomarker of prognosis for ischemic stroke.
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Busik JV. Lipid metabolism dysregulation in diabetic retinopathy. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100017. [PMID: 33581416 PMCID: PMC7892987 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.tr120000981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolic abnormalities have emerged as potential risk factors for the development and progression of diabetic complications, including diabetic retinopathy (DR). This review article provides an overview of the results of clinical trials evaluating the potential benefits of lipid-lowering drugs, such as fibrates, omega-3 fatty acids, and statins, for the prevention and treatment of DR. Although several clinical trials demonstrated that treatment with fibrates leads to improvement of DR, there is a dissociation between the protective effects of fibrates in the retina, and the intended blood lipid classes, including plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol, or HDL:LDL cholesterol ratio. Guided by these findings, plasma lipid and lipoprotein-independent mechanisms are addressed based on clinical, cell culture, and animal model studies. Potential retinal-specific effects of fatty acid oxidation products, cholesterol, and ceramide, as well as lipid-independent effects of PPAR alpha activation, are summarized based on the current literature. Overall, this review highlights promising potential of lipid-based treatment strategies further enhanced by the new knowledge of intraretinal lipids and lipoproteins in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia V Busik
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Petrillo F, Trotta MC, Bucolo C, Hermenean A, Petrillo A, Maisto R, Pieretti G, Pietropaolo M, Ferraraccio F, Gagliano C, Galdiero M, D'Amico M. Resolvin D1 attenuates the inflammatory process in mouse model of LPS-induced keratitis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:12298-12307. [PMID: 33058526 PMCID: PMC7686975 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the lipid mediator Resolvin D1 in experimental keratitis. C57BL/6J mice were injected with lipopolysaccharide (2 µg/eye), and after 24 hours, the corneal damage was assessed. Clinical score was quantified, and corneal inflammatory biomarkers were detected by immunohistochemistry. A robust accumulation of sub‐epithelial macrophages and polymorphonuclear leucocytes, chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand 1 (also known as keratinocyte‐derived chemokine), interleukin‐10 and promoters of apoptosis was also observed in lipopolysaccharide‐treated mice. Formyl peptide receptor 2 corneal expression was also assessed. The corneal stroma treated with lipopolysaccharide was characterized by presence of macrophages of M1‐like subtype and immature fibroblastic cells, marked with Ki67, not fully differentiated in fibroblasts. Indeed, the staining of the cornea with anti‐vimentin antibodies, a marker of differentiated myofibroblasts, was very faint. Resolvin D1 attenuated all the inflammatory parameters assessed in the present study, except for IL‐10. In conclusion, the data presented here seem to be consistent with the hypothesis that Resolvin D1 protected the cornea from the lipopolysaccharide‐induced keratitis by acting on several inflammatory components of this damage, pivoted by Formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) activation and macrophages‐leucocytes activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Consiglia Trotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania 'L.Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Bucolo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Anca Hermenean
- Institute of Life Science, Vasile Goldis Western University, Arad, Romania
| | - Arianna Petrillo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania 'L.Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Maisto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania 'L.Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Gorizio Pieretti
- Multidisciplinary Department of Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania'L. Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Michela Pietropaolo
- General Directorate of the University Polyclinic 'L. Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Franca Ferraraccio
- Department of Clinical, Public and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania 'L. Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Caterina Gagliano
- Eye Clinic, University of Catania and Santa Marta Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Marilena Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania 'L.Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Michele D'Amico
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania 'L.Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
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Novel Insights into Beta 2 Adrenergic Receptor Function in the rd10 Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092060. [PMID: 32917020 PMCID: PMC7563182 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In retinitis pigmentosa (RP), inherited rod death is followed by cone loss and blindness. Why cones die is still a matter of consideration. Here, we investigate the pathogenic role of the sympathetic transmission in the rd10 mouse model of RP. Methods: Retinal levels of beta adrenergic receptor (BAR) 2 and norepinephrine (NE) were measured. After administration of the BAR1/2 blocker propranolol or the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 activator dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG), retinal levels of HIF-1α, BAR2 or proteins involved in BAR2 desensitization were also measured. In DMOG treated mice, expression and localization of BAR2, inflammatory markers and cone arrestin were determined. Finally, rd10 mice were subjected to electroretinogram (ERG) analysis to assess rod and cone function. Results: In the rd10 retina, BAR2 overexpression and NE accumulation were found, with BAR2 immunoreactivity localized to Müller cells. BAR2 overexpression was likely due to desensitization defects. Upregulated levels of BAR2 were drastically reduced by propranolol that also restored desensitization defects. Due to the low level of HIF-1 consequent to the hyperoxic environment in the rd10 retina, we hypothesized a link between HIF-1 and BAR2. HIF-1α stabilization with DMOG resulted in i. increased HIF-1α accumulation, ii. decreased BAR2 levels, iii. restored desensitization processes, iv. reduced expression of inflammatory markers and v. increased cone survival without improved retinal function. Conclusions: Our results support a pathogenic role of the sympathetic system in RP that might help to understand why rd10 mice show a positive response to BAR blockers.
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Maisto R, Trotta MC, Petrillo F, Izzo S, Cuomo G, Alfano R, Hermenean A, Barcia JM, Galdiero M, Platania CBM, Bucolo C, D'Amico M. Resolvin D1 Modulates the Intracellular VEGF-Related miRNAs of Retinal Photoreceptors Challenged With High Glucose. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:235. [PMID: 32210819 PMCID: PMC7069219 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of retinal photoreceptors with elevated glucose concentration (30 mM) for 96 h, served as diabetic retinopathy in vitro model to study Resolvin D1 (50 nM) effects on neovascularization. VEGF and anti-angiogenic miR-20a-3p, miR-20a-5p, miR-106a-5p, and miR-20b expression was assessed either in photoreceptors exposed to HG or in exosomes released by those cells. High glucose increased VEGF levels and concurrently decreased anti-angiogenic miRNAs content in photoreceptors and exosomes. RvD1 reverted the effects of glucose damage in photoreceptors and exosomal pro-angiogenic potential, tested with the HUVEC angiogenesis assay. By activating FPR2 receptor, RvD1 modulated both the expression of anti-angiogenic miRNA, which decrease VEGF, and the pro-angiogenic potential of exosomes released by primary retinal cells. HUVEC transfection with miR-20a-3p, miR-20a-5p, miR-106a-5p, and miR-20b antagomirs, followed by exposure to exosomes from photoreceptors, confirmed the VEGF-related miRNAs mechanism and the anti-angiogenic effects of RvD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Maisto
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Consiglia Trotta
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Petrillo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Izzo
- Multidisciplinary Department of Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cuomo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Alfano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Anca Hermenean
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania
| | - Jorge Miquel Barcia
- School of Medicine, Catholic University of Valencia "Saint Vicente Martir", Valencia, Spain
| | - Marilena Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Bianca Maria Platania
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Claudio Bucolo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Michele D'Amico
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Trotta MC, Pieretti G, Petrillo F, Alessio N, Hermenean A, Maisto R, D'Amico M. Resolvin D1 reduces mitochondrial damage to photoreceptors of primary retinal cells exposed to high glucose. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:4256-4267. [PMID: 31612492 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
No study has investigated the interaction of Resolvin D1 (RvD1) with mitochondrial damage of retinal cells caused by diabetes. This study aims to investigate the effects of RvD1 (50 nM) on morphological and biochemical indicators of mitochondrial damage in primary retinal cells exposed to 30 mM d-glucose high glucose (HG). HG-cells exhibited photoreceptor damage characterized by short and small mitochondria with prevalent mitochondrial disruption, fragmentation, and aggregation. The cells had low mitochondrial transporters TIMM44 and TOMM40, Connexin 43, NAD/NADH ratio, and ATP levels, whereas increased cytosolic cytochrome c. Moreover, they expressed high cytosolic metalloproteinase matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) and MMP-2 activity. HG-cells treated with RvD1 (50 nM) showed reduced reactive oxygen species levels, improved mitochondrial morphology and function, promoted mitochondrial DNA repair by OGG1, and reduced cell apoptosis and metalloproteinase activity. Therefore, RvD1 induces protection from high glucose-load to the retinal cell and promotes their survival by decreasing cytosolic MMP and mitochondrial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Consiglia Trotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Gorizio Pieretti
- Multidisciplinary Department of Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Petrillo
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Nicola Alessio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Anca Hermenean
- Department of Life Science, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania
| | - Rosa Maisto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Michele D'Amico
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Botten N, Hodges RR, Li D, Bair JA, Shatos MA, Utheim TP, Serhan CN, Dartt DA. Resolvin D2 elevates cAMP to increase intracellular [Ca 2+] and stimulate secretion from conjunctival goblet cells. FASEB J 2019; 33:8468-8478. [PMID: 31013438 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802467r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Under physiologic conditions, conjunctival goblet cells (CGCs) secrete mucins into the tear film to preserve ocular surface homeostasis. Specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs), like resolvins (Rvs), regulate secretion from CGCs and actively terminate inflammation. The purpose of this study was to determine if RvD2 stimulated mucin secretion and to investigate the cellular signaling components. Goblet cells were cultured from rat conjunctiva. Secretion was measured by an enzyme-linked lectin assay, change in intracellular [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i) using Fura-2, and cellular cAMP levels by ELISA. RvD2 (10-11-10-8 M) stimulated secretion, increased cellular cAMP levels and the [Ca2+]i. RvD2-stimulated increase in [Ca2+]i and secretion was blocked by Ca2+ chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid tetrakis and the PKA inhibitor N-[2-(p-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide dihydrochloride but not by the cAMP exchange protein inhibitor α-[2-(3-chlorophenyl)hydrazinylidene]-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-b-oxo-3-isoxazolepropanenitrile. Forskolin, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, and 8-bromo-cAMP (8-Br-cAMP) increased [Ca2+]i. Increasing cAMP with 8-Br-cAMP inhibited the increase in [Ca2+]i stimulated by the cAMP-independent agonist cholinergic agonist carbachol. In conclusion, RvD2 uses both cellular cAMP and [Ca2+]i to stimulate glycoconjugate secretion from CGCs, but the interaction of cAMP and [Ca2+]i is context dependent. Thus RvD2 likely assists in the maintenance of the mucous layer of the tear film to sustain ocular surface homeostasis and has potential as a novel treatment for dry eye disease.-Botten, N., Hodges, R. R., Li, D., Bair, J. A., Shatos, M. A., Utheim, T. P., Serhan, C. N., Dartt, D. A. Resolvin D2 elevates cAMP to increase intracellular [Ca2+] and stimulate secretion from conjunctival goblet cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Botten
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Robin R Hodges
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dayu Li
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Bair
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marie A Shatos
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tor P Utheim
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Darlene A Dartt
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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11
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Çolakoğlu M, Tunçer S, Banerjee S. Emerging cellular functions of the lipid metabolizing enzyme 15-Lipoxygenase-1. Cell Prolif 2018; 51:e12472. [PMID: 30062726 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic and linoleic acid through lipoxygenases (LOXs) and cyclooxygenases (COXs) leads to the production of bioactive lipids that are important both in the induction of acute inflammation and its resolution. Amongst the several isoforms of LOX that are expressed in mammals, 15-LOX-1 was shown to be important both in the context of inflammation, being expressed in cells of the immune system, and in epithelial cells where the enzyme has been shown to crosstalk with a number of important signalling pathways. This review looks into the latest developments in understanding the role of 15-LOX-1 in different disease states with emphasis on the emerging role of the enzyme in the tumour microenvironment as well as a newly re-discovered form of cell death called ferroptosis. We also discuss future perspectives on the feasibility of use of this protein as a target for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Çolakoğlu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sinem Tunçer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sreeparna Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
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