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Ogneva IV. Single Cell in a Gravity Field. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1601. [PMID: 36295035 PMCID: PMC9604728 DOI: 10.3390/life12101601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The exploration of deep space or other bodies of the solar system, associated with a long stay in microgravity or altered gravity, requires the development of fundamentally new methods of protecting the human body. Most of the negative changes in micro- or hypergravity occur at the cellular level; however, the mechanism of reception of the altered gravity and transduction of this signal, leading to the formation of an adaptive pattern of the cell, is still poorly understood. At the same time, most of the negative changes that occur in early embryos when the force of gravity changes almost disappear by the time the new organism is born. This review is devoted to the responses of early embryos and stem cells, as well as terminally differentiated germ cells, to changes in gravity. An attempt was made to generalize the data presented in the literature and propose a possible unified mechanism for the reception by a single cell of an increase and decrease in gravity based on various deformations of the cortical cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Ogneva
- Cell Biophysics Laboratory, State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 76a, Khoroshevskoyoe Shosse, 123007 Moscow, Russia
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2
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Liu C, Gao X, Li Y, Sun W, Xu Y, Tan Y, Du R, Zhong G, Zhao D, Liu Z, Jin X, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Yuan X, Pan J, Yuan G, Li Y, Xing W, Kan G, Wang Y, Li Q, Han X, Li J, Ling S, Li Y. The mechanosensitive lncRNA Neat1 promotes osteoblast function through paraspeckle-dependent Smurf1 mRNA retention. Bone Res 2022; 10:18. [PMID: 35210394 PMCID: PMC8873336 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-022-00191-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stimulation plays an important role in bone remodeling. Exercise-induced mechanical loading enhances bone strength, whereas mechanical unloading leads to bone loss. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play key roles in diverse biological, physiological and pathological contexts. However, the roles of lncRNAs in mechanotransduction and their relationships with bone formation remain unknown. In this study, we screened mechanosensing lncRNAs in osteoblasts and identified Neat1, the most clearly decreased lncRNA under simulated microgravity. Of note, not only Neat1 expression but also the specific paraspeckle structure formed by Neat1 was sensitive to different mechanical stimulations, which were closely associated with osteoblast function. Paraspeckles exhibited small punctate aggregates under simulated microgravity and elongated prolate or larger irregular structures under mechanical loading. Neat1 knockout mice displayed disrupted bone formation, impaired bone structure and strength, and reduced bone mass. Neat1 deficiency in osteoblasts reduced the response of osteoblasts to mechanical stimulation. In vivo, Neat1 knockout in mice weakened the bone phenotypes in response to mechanical loading and hindlimb unloading stimulation. Mechanistically, paraspeckles promoted nuclear retention of E3 ubiquitin ligase Smurf1 mRNA and downregulation of their translation, thus inhibiting ubiquitination-mediated degradation of the osteoblast master transcription factor Runx2, a Smurf1 target. Our study revealed that Neat1 plays an essential role in osteoblast function under mechanical stimulation, which provides a paradigm for the function of the lncRNA-assembled structure in response to mechanical stimulation and offers a therapeutic strategy for long-term spaceflight- or bedrest-induced bone loss and age-related osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xingcheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weijia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Youjia Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingjun Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ruikai Du
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Guohui Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dingsheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zizhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yinlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yinbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinxin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China.,Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guodong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China.,Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youyou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenjuan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guanghan Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China.
| | - Shukuan Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China.
| | - Yingxian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China.
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3
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Salvetti A, Degl'Innocenti A, Gambino G, van Loon JJ, Ippolito C, Ghelardoni S, Ghigo E, Leoncino L, Prato M, Rossi L, Ciofani G. Artificially altered gravity elicits cell homeostasis imbalance in planarian worms, and cerium oxide nanoparticles counteract this effect. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:2322-2333. [PMID: 33960131 PMCID: PMC8518838 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Gravity alterations elicit complex and mostly detrimental effects on biological systems. Among these, a prominent role is occupied by oxidative stress, with consequences for tissue homeostasis and development. Studies in altered gravity are relevant for both Earth and space biomedicine, but their implementation using whole organisms is often troublesome. Here we utilize planarians, simple worm model for stem cell and regeneration biology, to characterize the pathogenic mechanisms brought by artificial gravity alterations. In particular, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of molecular responses in intact and regenerating specimens, and demonstrate a protective action from the space-apt for nanotechnological antioxidant cerium oxide nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Salvetti
- Università di Pisa, Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineBiology and Genetics unitPisaItaly
| | - Andrea Degl'Innocenti
- Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaCenter for Materials Interfaces, Smart Bio‐InterfacesPisaItaly
| | - Gaetana Gambino
- Università di Pisa, Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineBiology and Genetics unitPisaItaly
| | - Jack J.W.A. van Loon
- Dutch Experiment Support Center (DESC), Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral PathologyAmsterdam UMC location VU University Medical Center & Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
- TEC‐MMG LIS labEuropean Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Center (ESTEC)NoordwijkThe Netherlands
| | - Chiara Ippolito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Biology and Genetics UnitUniversità di PisaPisaItaly
| | - Sandra Ghelardoni
- Department of Pathology, Biochemistry UnitUniversità di PisaPisaItaly
| | - Eric Ghigo
- Institut Hospitalo‐Universitaire Méditerranée InfectionMarseilleFrance
- Techno JouvenceMarseilleFrance
| | - Luca Leoncino
- Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaElectron Microscopy FacilityGenoaItaly
| | - Mirko Prato
- Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaMaterials Characterization FacilityGenoaItaly
| | - Leonardo Rossi
- Università di Pisa, Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineBiology and Genetics unitPisaItaly
| | - Gianni Ciofani
- Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaCenter for Materials Interfaces, Smart Bio‐InterfacesPisaItaly
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4
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Matsuda T. Importance of experimental information (metadata) for archived sequence data: case of specific gene bias due to lag time between sample harvest and RNA protection in RNA sequencing. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11875. [PMID: 34527435 PMCID: PMC8401820 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Large volumes of high-throughput sequencing data have been submitted to the Sequencing Read Archive (SRA). The lack of experimental metadata associated with the data makes reuse and understanding data quality very difficult. In the case of RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), which reveals the presence and quantity of RNA in a biological sample at any moment, it is necessary to consider that gene expression responds over a short time interval (several seconds to a few minutes) in many organisms. Therefore, to isolate RNA that accurately reflects the transcriptome at the point of harvest, raw biological samples should be processed by freezing in liquid nitrogen, immersing in RNA stabilization reagent or lysing and homogenizing in RNA lysis buffer containing guanidine thiocyanate as soon as possible. As the number of samples handled simultaneously increases, the time until the RNA is protected can increase. Here, to evaluate the effect of different lag times in RNA protection on RNA-Seq data, we harvested CHO-S cells after 3, 5, 6, and 7 days of cultivation, added RNA lysis buffer in a time course of 15, 30, 45, and 60 min after harvest, and conducted RNA-Seq. These RNA samples showed high RNA integrity number (RIN) values indicating non-degraded RNA, and sequence data from libraries prepared with these RNA samples was of high quality according to FastQC. We observed that, at the same cultivation day, global trends of gene expression were similar across the time course of addition of RNA lysis buffer; however, the expression of some genes was significantly different between the time-course samples of the same cultivation day; most of these differentially expressed genes were related to apoptosis. We conclude that the time lag between sample harvest and RNA protection influences gene expression of specific genes. It is, therefore, necessary to know not only RIN values of RNA and the quality of the sequence data but also how the experiment was performed when acquiring RNA-Seq data from the database.
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5
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Kim J, Adachi T. Modulation of Sost Gene Expression Under Hypoxia in Three-Dimensional Scaffold-Free Osteocytic Tissue. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 27:1037-1043. [PMID: 33040693 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone-related studies have been widely carried out by culturing cells on two-dimensional (2D) culture system because of its easiness of handling, but these 2D in vitro achievements may imply a distinct outcome compared with the in vivo situation. On the contrary, three-dimensional (3D) culture system has been suggested as a better biomimetic in vitro model by providing an appropriate cell-cell or cell-matrix interaction. In this study, we successfully reconstructed a 3D disk type of scaffold-free tissue (SFT) using mouse osteoblast-like cells, which evoked an osteocyte differentiation within 2 days. Particularly, the SFT was also utilized as an in vitro osteocytic model to elucidate the effect of hypoxia on cellular differentiation capability. As a result, the hypoxia upregulated a matured osteocyte marker, Sost, in the SFT, whereas both osteoblast and osteocyte markers were significantly downregulated by hypoxia in the 2D conventional monolayer model. The results imply that the hypoxia may enhance the initiation of osteocyte differentiation and retain the osteocyte differentiation in the 3D culture system. Of note, we reported the significance of 3D culture system that might represent the in vivo situation regarding cellular response to stimuli. Hence, our study suggests wide applications of SFT using osteoblast cells as a novel in vitro osteocyte model for the osteocyte-related studies. Impact statement In this study, we fabricated a three-dimensional (3D) disk type of scaffold-free osteocytic tissue, termed scaffold-free tissue (SFT), reconstructed by mouse osteoblast-like cells. It induced an osteocyte differentiation of osteoblast-like cells in the SFT within 2 days. Moreover, we first showed that a matured osteocyte marker, Sost, was modulated by hypoxia in the SFT in a different manner compared with the two-dimensional (2D) monolayer. These results highlighted the significance of 3D culture system that might represent the in vivo situation regarding cellular response to stimuli. Of note, our model can be utilized as a new in vitro osteocyte model for the osteocyte-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghyun Kim
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taiji Adachi
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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6
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Acquired contractile ability in human endometrial stromal cells by passive loading of cyclic tensile stretch. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9014. [PMID: 32488068 PMCID: PMC7265371 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65884-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The uterus plays an important and unique role during pregnancy and is a dynamic organ subjected to mechanical stimuli. It has been reported that infertility occurs when the peristalsis is prevented, although its mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we found that mechanical strain mimicking the peristaltic motion of the uterine smooth muscle layer enabled the endometrial stromal cells to acquire contractility. In order to mimic the peristalsis induced by uterine smooth muscle cells, cyclic tensile stretch was applied to human endometrial stromal cells. The results showed that the strained cells exerted greater contractility in three-dimensional collagen gels in the presence of oxytocin, due to up-regulated alpha-smooth muscle actin expression via the cAMP signaling pathway. These in vitro findings underscore the plasticity of the endometrial stromal cell phenotype and suggest the possibility of acquired contractility by these cells in vivo and its potential contribution to uterine contractile activity. This phenomenon may be a typical example of how a tissue passively acquires new contractile functions under mechanical stimulation from a neighboring tissue, enabling it to support the adjacent tissue’s functions.
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7
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Lee KS, Nam GS, Baek J, Kim S, Nam KS. Inhibition of TPA‑induced metastatic potential by morin hydrate in MCF‑7 human breast cancer cells via the Akt/GSK‑3β/c‑Fos signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 2020; 56:630-640. [PMID: 31939617 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.4954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant flavonoid 2',3,4',5,7‑pentahydroxyflavone (morin hydrate), isolated from the family Moraceae (Morus alba L.), is known to have anti‑inflammatory and anticancer effects. However, its pharmaceutical effects on metastasis have not been fully elucidated to date. Therefore, the current study investigated the effects of morin hydrate on cancer metastasis in MCF‑7 human breast cancer cells. The results showed that morin hydrate suppressed 12‑O‑tetradecanoylphorbol‑13‑acetate (TPA)‑induced cell migration and invasion via the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‑9 activity. Furthermore, gene expression level of MMP‑9, MMP‑7, urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), uPA receptor (uPAR) and fibronectin were significantly decreased by morin hydrate treatment. Morin hydrate inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)‑3β, and downregulated the expression of an activator protein‑1 subunit c‑Fos. In addition, the GSK‑3β phosphorylation and c‑Fos expression were suppressed by PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitors, LY294002 and wortmannin. Taken together, these results demonstrated that morin hydrate reduced the metastatic potential in TPA‑treated MCF‑7 human breast cancer cells via the inhibition of MMPs, uPA and uPAR, and the underlying Akt/GSK‑3β/c‑Fos pathway. Therefore, the present investigation suggested that morin hydrate may be a natural substance with a preventive potential for metastasis in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Shik Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Intractable Disease Research Center, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Suk Nam
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Intractable Disease Research Center, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyoung Baek
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Intractable Disease Research Center, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Intractable Disease Research Center, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Nam
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Intractable Disease Research Center, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk 38066, Republic of Korea
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8
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METTL3 promotes experimental osteoarthritis development by regulating inflammatory response and apoptosis in chondrocyte. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:22-27. [PMID: 31186141 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was to investigate the functional role of RNA methyltransferase METTL3, an enzyme catalyzes the formation of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) on the target mRNA, in the development of osteoarthritis (OA) and the underlying mechanism. METHODS Cytokine IL-1β was used to stimulate the chondroprogenitor cell line ATDC5 cells to mimic the inflammatory condition in vitro. The level of METTL3 mRNA and m6A as well as inflammatory cytokines were detected by qRT-PCR. Cell activity was detected by CCK-8. The rate of apoptotic cell was measured by flow cytometry. Western blot was used to detect the levels of NF-κB signaling molecules and collagen in cells. Methylation inhibitor cycloleucine and methyl donor betaine were used to treat collagenase-induced OA mice. RESULTS In IL-1β-treated ATDC5 cells, the METTL3 mRNA levels and the percentage of m6A methylated mRNA of total mRNA were increased in a dose-dependent manner. Silencing of METTL3 by shRNA reduced the percentage of IL-1β-induced apoptosis, suppressed IL-1β-induced increased inflammatory cytokines levels and activation of NF-κB signaling in chondrocytes. Moreover, silencing of METTL3 promotes degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) by reducing the expression of MMP-13 and Coll X, elevating the expression of Aggrecan and Coll II. In a OA mouse model induced by collagenase, injection of methylation inhibitor cycloleucine or methyl donor betaine does not affects METTL3 mRNA expression, but significantly inhibits or promotes the total level of m6A as well as inflammatory condition and ECM degradation, respectively. CONCLUSION METTL3 has a functional role in mediates osteoarthritis progression by regulating NF-κB signaling and ECM synthesis in chondrocytes that shed insight on developing preventive and curative strategies for OA by focusing on METTL3 and mRNA methylation.
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9
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Imura T, Otsuka T, Kawahara Y, Yuge L. "Microgravity" as a unique and useful stem cell culture environment for cell-based therapy. Regen Ther 2019; 12:2-5. [PMID: 31890760 PMCID: PMC6933149 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapy using mesenchymal stem cells or pluripotent stem cells such as induced pluripotent stem cells has seen dramatic progress in recent years. Part of cell-based therapy are already covered by public medical insurance. Recently, researchers have attempted to improve therapeutic effects toward various diseases by cell transplantation. Culture environment is considered to be one of the most important factors affecting therapeutic effects, in particular factors such as physical stimuli, because cells have the potential to adapt to their surrounding environment. In this review, we provide an overview of the research on the effects of gravity alteration on cell kinetics such as proliferation or differentiation and on potential therapeutic effects, and we also summarize the remarkable possibilities of the use of microgravity culture in cell-based therapy for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Imura
- Division of Bio-Environmental Adaptation Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Otsuka
- Division of Bio-Environmental Adaptation Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Louis Yuge
- Division of Bio-Environmental Adaptation Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Space Bio-Laboratories Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan
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10
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Guéguinou N, Jeandel J, Kaminski S, Baatout S, Ghislin S, Frippiat JP. Modulation of Iberian Ribbed Newt Complement Component C3 by Stressors Similar to those Encountered during a Stay Onboard the International Space Station. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071579. [PMID: 30934839 PMCID: PMC6479312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system plays an important role in inflammation, innate and acquired immunity, as well as homeostasis. Despite these functions, the effects of spaceflight conditions on the complement system have not yet been intensively studied. Consequently, we investigated the effects of five types of chronic stressors, similar to those encountered during a stay onboard the International Space Station, on C3 expression in larvae of the urodele amphibian Pleurodeles waltl. We focused on C3 because it is a critical component of this system. These studies were completed by the analysis of adult mice exposed to two models of inflight stressors. Our data show that simulating space radiation, or combining a modification of the circadian rhythm with simulated microgravity, affects the amount of C3 proteins. These results suggest that C3 expression could be modified under real spaceflight conditions, potentially increasing the risk of inflammation and associated tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Guéguinou
- Stress Immunity Pathogens Laboratory, EA 7300, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lorraine, 9 avenue de la Foret de Haye, F-54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Jérémy Jeandel
- Stress Immunity Pathogens Laboratory, EA 7300, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lorraine, 9 avenue de la Foret de Haye, F-54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Sandra Kaminski
- Stress Immunity Pathogens Laboratory, EA 7300, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lorraine, 9 avenue de la Foret de Haye, F-54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, SCK·CEN, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium.
| | - Stéphanie Ghislin
- Stress Immunity Pathogens Laboratory, EA 7300, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lorraine, 9 avenue de la Foret de Haye, F-54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Jean-Pol Frippiat
- Stress Immunity Pathogens Laboratory, EA 7300, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lorraine, 9 avenue de la Foret de Haye, F-54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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11
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Effect of centrifugal force on the development of articular neocartilage with bovine primary chondrocytes. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 375:629-639. [PMID: 30349935 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2938-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A lot has been invested into understanding how to assemble cartilage tissue in vitro and various designs have been developed to manufacture cartilage tissue with native-like biological properties. So far, no satisfactory design has been presented. Bovine primary chondrocytes are used to self-assemble scaffold-free constructs to investigate whether mechanical loading by centrifugal force would be useful in manufacturing cartilage tissue in vitro. Six million chondrocytes were laid on top of defatted bone disks placed inside an agarose well in 50-ml culture tubes. The constructs were centrifuged once or three times per day for 15 min at a centrifugal force of 771×g for up to 4 weeks. Control samples were cultured under the same conditions without exposure to centrifugation. The samples were analysed by (immuno)histochemistry, Fourier transform infrared imaging, micro-computed tomography, biochemical and gene expression analyses. Biomechanical testing was also performed. The centrifuged tissues had a more even surface covering a larger area of the bone disk. Fourier transform infrared imaging analysis indicated a higher concentration of collagen in the top and bottom edges in some of the centrifuged samples. Glycosaminoglycan contents increased along the culture, while collagen content remained at a rather constant level. Aggrecan and procollagen α1(II) gene expression levels had no significant differences, while procollagen α2(I) levels were increased significantly. Biomechanical analyses did not reveal remarkable changes. The centrifugation regimes lead to more uniform tissue constructs, whereas improved biological properties of the native tissue could not be obtained by centrifugation.
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